Objective · To improve awareness, prevention, and treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Methods · A case developing encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after discontinuing peritoneal dialysis and receiving medication treatment was analyzed. Results · A patient developed intestinal obstruction after discontinuing peritoneal dialysis due to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. Combined with imaging examination, the diagnosis was encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Clinical symptoms were significantly improved after receiving medication treatment and total parenteral nutrition. Conclusion · Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis patients. As the early diagnosis is difficult and the prognosis is poor, it significantly affects the quality of life. Both medication treatment and surgery have advantages and disadvantages. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary.