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28 December 2019, Volume 39 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Outstanding international article
Original article (Basic research)
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Outstanding international article

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Selective killing of cancer cellsnonplanar aromatic hydrocarbon-induced DNA damage The research group of LIU Pei-feng 2019, 39 (12):  1345.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.001 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (3044KB) ( 470 )   A large number of current chemotherapeutic agents prevent the growth of tumorsinhibiting DNA synthesis of cancer cells. It has been found recently that many planar polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives, previously known as carcinogenic, display anticancer activity through DNA cross-linking. However, the practical of these PAHs is substantially limitedtheir low therapeutic efficiency and selectivity toward most tumors. Herein, the anticancer property of a nonplanar PAH named [4]helicenium, which exhibits highly selective cytotoxicity toward liver, lung cancer, and leukemia cells compared with normal cells, is reported. Moreover, [4]helicenium effectively inhibits tumor growth in liver cancer-bearing mice and shows little side effects in normal mice. RNA sequencing and confirmatory results demonstrate that [4]helicenium induces more DNA damage in tumor cells than in normal cells, resulting in tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis increment. This study reveals an unexpected role and molecular mechanism for PAHs in selectively killing tumor cells and provides an effective strategy for precision cancer therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Basic research)

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Effect of denatured collagen type Ⅰ on endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis-related proteins SU Rong-jia, WANG Zhi-yong, WANG Xi-qiao, LIU Ying-kai, DONG Jiao-yun, SONG Fei, LU Shu-liang 2019, 39 (12):  1348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.002 Abstract ( 1103 )   PDF (6368KB) ( 779 )   Objective · To reveal the effect of denatured collagen type Ⅰ on the endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis-related proteins . Methods · Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the plates coated with normal collagen (normal collagen group), half concentration normal collagen (half collagen group) or denatured collagen (denatured collagen group). CCK-8 assay was performed to test cell proliferation ability two days later. The effect of collagen on cell migration was measuredscratch test. The s of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detectedWestern blotting. The s of angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and Ang-2 were measuredELISA. Results · CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation activity of denatured collagen group was significantly higher than that of normal collagen group and half collagen group (PPPConclusion · Denatured collagen type Ⅰ can promote proliferation, migration and MT1-MMP, VEGF, and Ang-2 s in endothelial cells, suggesting that collagen denaturation may play an active role in the process of angiogenesis during wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative analysis of ceramidesultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry HUANG Qing-xia, LEI He-hua, TANG Hui-ru, WANG Yu-lan 2019, 39 (12):  1353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.003 Abstract ( 1163 )   PDF (7852KB) ( 633 )   Objective · To develop a method that can quantitatively analyze a wide range of ceramides with high throughout, sensitivity and accuracy. Methods · Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was employed for quantitative analysis of 14 ceramidesusing ZORBAX Eclipse plus C8 (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm) column. Solvent A consisted of water, solvent B consisted of methanol, and 2.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate was added to both. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and positive ion mode were used to analyze the ceramides. Results · This method can quantitatively analyze 14 ceramides in 10 minutes with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) between 0.06-0.42 nmol/L and 0.17-1.26 nmol/L, respectively. The accuracy ranged 73.02% to 122.39%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of retention time and peak area were between 0.07%-0.54% and 2.26%-13.98%, respectively. Conclusion · Quantitative analysis of ceramides based on UHPLC-MS has high sensitivity, reproducibility and efficiency, which can be used to analyze the ceramides in biological samples such as cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of levosimendan on kidney injury in ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest rats WANG Shi-wei, GUO Jian, YANG Zheng-fei, LU Xiao-ye, YANG Qian, ZHU Chang-qing 2019, 39 (12):  1360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.004 Abstract ( 762 )   PDF (7512KB) ( 539 )   Objective · To investigate the effects of levosimendan on kidney injury in the rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods · Twenty-five healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were sham group (S group, n5), levosimendan group (L group, n10) and control group (C group, n10). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure were created in L group and C groupinducing ventricular fibrillation. L group was treated with levosimendan during and after resuscitation, while C group and S group were given equivalent volume of saline solution. S group was not induced into cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cystatin-C (CysC) levels were compared between L group and C group at 1, 4 and 6 h after resuscitation.Three groups of rats were sacrificed, and the pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed at 6 h after resuscitation. Results · All rats were resuscitated successfully. No differences were found between the three groups about baseline data. After resuscitation, compared with S group, the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and kidney function indicators increased dramatically (all PP0.000, P0.002, P0.036) than those in C group, and there were significant differences between the two groups (all P0.000). In resuscitation after 1, 4 and 6 h, the levels of SCr (P0.001, P0.007, P0.472), BUN (P0.001, P0.004, P0.122) and CysC (P0.493, P0.001, P0.175) were lower in L group than those in C group. Only 1 and 4 hours after resuscitation, the differences in the levels of SCr and BUN were significant, and only 4 hours after resuscitation, the difference in the level of CysC was significant between L group and C group. Both L and C group showed pathological characteristics of severe acute kidney injury, and the pathological injury scores of L group were alleviated compared with those of C group (all P0.000). Conclusion · Levosimendan can improve kidney injury of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation model rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of signalling pathway of synaptic cell adhesion molecules mediating early synapse formation based on bioinformatics MENG Guo-hao, HE Xin-heng, LU Shao-yong 2019, 39 (12):  1366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.005 Abstract ( 796 )   PDF (9913KB) ( 539 )   Objective · To investigate the signalling pathways mediatedsynaptic cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) in the process of human prenatal synapse formation. Methods · The single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of prenatal human prefrontal cortex was downloaded GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. The gene dynamics was modelled with pseudotime ordering approach and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructedutilizing gene co- analysis and PPI database. The interacting molecules and associated pathways of sCAMs were explored. Results · The gene dynamics of early synapse formation in excitatory neurons can be modelled with linear trajectory. PPI network analysis identified the interacting molecules of neurexins, neuroligins, and LAR-type receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-type RPTPs). Guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (ARHGEF9) interacted with neurexins and neuroligins, while cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) was the hub of the network. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) interacted with neuroligins and leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 3 (LRRTM3), which is a ligand of neurexins. Finally, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), and CDC42, which participate MAPK signalling pathways, were involved in the PPI network of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD, a member of LAR-type RPTPs) and its ligands leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type Ⅲ domain containing 1 (LRFN1), LRFN2, and LRFN5. Conclusion · Interacting proteins and associated pathways of neurexins, neuroligins, and LAR-type RPTPs can be predicted with bioinformatics methods, which may provide insights in experimental studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of connective tissue growth factor gene-silencing on cell growth and cell cycle of hepatic stellate cells ZHANG Rong-hua, DONG An-ying, BAI Gan-ping, WAN Ping, JIANG Yi, WU Hong 2019, 39 (12):  1375.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.006 Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (7917KB) ( 339 )   Objective · To investigate the effects of silencing connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) gene on the growth, cell cycle and the of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 of rat hepatic stellate cell line HSCT6. Methods · The recombinant lentivirus vector pCDH/Ctgf-shRNA of Ctgf gene was constructedRNA interference. The recombinant vector was packaged to obtain highly infectious pCDH/Ctgf-shRNA lentivirus particles for HSCT6 infection. The of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the transfected HSCT6 cells was observed under fluorescence microscope. The effects of Ctgf-shRNA lentivirus on the growth of HSCT6 cells were testedCCK-8. The effects of Ctgf-shRNA lentivirus on the cell cycle of HSCT6 cells were analyzedflow cytometry (FCM). The effects of Ctgf-shRNA lentivirus on the of mRNA of Ctgf, Tgf-β1, Smad3 and Smad7, and their proteins in HSCT6 cells were detectedreal-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results · The lentiviral vector pCDH/Ctgf-shRNA has been constructed successfully. The HSCT6 cells transfectedCtgf-shRNA lentivirus significantly expressed GFP under fluorescence microscope. The results of CCK-8 confirmed that the growth of HSCT6 cells transfectedCtgf-shRNA lentivirus was slower than that of controls and the differences were statistically significant after being cultured for 72 h (P0.05). The results of FCM revealed that the growth of HSCT6 cells transfectedCtgf-shRNA lentivirus was blocked in the S phase of cell cycle. The results of real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the Ctgf-shRNA lentivirus effectively silenced Ctgf gene, down-regulated the of genes and encoding proteins of TGF-β1, and Smad3 of HSCT6 and up-regulated the of genes and encoding proteins of Smad7 of HSCT6 cells. The differences between transfected cells and controls were statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion · Silencing Ctgf gene can effectively inhibit the growth of HSCT6 cells, down-regulate the of TGF-β1 and Smad3 and up-regulate the of Smad7. The inhibition of the growth of HSCT6 cells may be closely related to interference of the TGF-β1/Smads (Smad3 and Smad7) signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Real-time effect of adipose stem cells on fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblast co-stimulatedtransforming growth factor-β1 SHI Yong-ping, YUAN Bo 2019, 39 (12):  1382.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.007 Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (8619KB) ( 435 )   Objective · To mainly explore the real-time effect of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on the fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulatedtransforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and further clarify the possible pathway and mechanism of ASCs in regulating wound repair. Methods ·using two different real-time culture systems including Transwell system and contact co-culture system, events associated with fibrogenesis including the changes of fibroblast cell number or of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ detectedimmunofluorescence or Western blotting in dermal fibroblasts at 72 h with/without the stimulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and/or ASCs were studied. Results · In Transwell system, the cell number of fibroblasts was significantly decreased under the stimulation of ASCs and TGF-β1, compared with TGF-β1 only group (P0.035). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the numbers of fluorescence labeling fibroblasts in group with ASCs as basal cells were decreased, compared with group with fibroblast as basal cells (P0.000). In terms of the collagen , in Transwell system, the amounts of collagen secretion fibroblasts within the upper chamber were increased dramatically when fibroblasts were being co-cultured with ASCs (P0.000). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the amounts of collagen secretion in the supernatant of cell culture in the group with ASCs as basal cells were increased, compared with the group with fibroblast as basal cells (P0.000). Conclusion · ASCs may have an effect on fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulatedTGF-β1 through a paracrine and direct contact way. It not only increases collagen production and secretion, but also inhibits fibroblasts over-proliferation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, biological characteristics and genomic safety assessment of drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae phage JD902 Lü Lin, SHI Xin, GUO Xiao-kui, QIN Jin-hong 2019, 39 (12):  1389.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.008 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (5548KB) ( 532 )   Objective · To screen for a bacteriophage of a drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain and assess its eligibility to be incorporated into the Klebsiella bacteriophage library. Methods · A drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated a patient with urinary infection was used as the host strain. Phage screening was carried out in environmental sewage, and the bacteriophage was isolated, purified, characterized and sequenced. Safety evaluation was also conducted based on the genome sequence. Results · A drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage was isolated and designated as JD902, which belonged to Caudovirales. The burst size was 88 pfu/cell, and it could maintain good activity in pH range 4.0-11.0. Genomic analysis demonstrated that it did not carry any antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes. Conclusion · JD902 is a virulent phage with high stability and safety in vitro. It can be incorporated into bacteriophage library for clinical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of miR-218-2-3P on proliferation and apoptosis of NK/T-cell lymphomatargeting SIN3A WANG Jia-lin, JI Di, CHEN Xiang, YANG Bo, YU Lin 2019, 39 (12):  1394.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.009 Abstract ( 835 )   PDF (9245KB) ( 490 )   Objective · To investigate the of miR-218-2-3P in NK/T-cell lymphoma, and the effect of miR-218-2-3P on the proliferation, apoptosis and cycle of NK/T-cell lymphomatargeting SIN3A. Methods · Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the s of miR-218-2-3P in normal NK cells and NK/T-cell lymphoma cells NK92MI and NKYS. Lipofectamine 3000 was used to transfect the inhibitor containing nonsense sequences (inhibitors NC), miR-218-2-3P inhibitor and the same dose of transfection reagent without any fragment into NK92MI cells, which were divided into three groups. qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the levels of miR-218-2-3P and SIN3A protein in the inhibitor NC group, the miR-218-2-3P inhibitor group and the blank control group, respectively. The cell proliferation activities of the three group were measuredCCK8 method. The apoptosis rates and cell cycles of the three group were determinedflow cytometry. The double luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect whether SIN3A was a target gene of miR-218-2-3P. NK92MI cells were transfected with miR-218-2-3P inhibitor+SIN3A small interfering RNA (si-SIN3A) and miR-218-2-3P inhibitor+nonsense sequences small interfering RNA (si-NC), respectively, which were divided into two groups. The cell proliferation activities of the two groups were detectedCCK8 method. Results · Compared with the normal NK cells, the s of miR-218-2-3P in NK92MI and NKYS cells significantly increased (both PPPPSIN3A was the target gene of miR-218-2-3P. Compared with the blank control group and the inhibitor NC group, the SIN3A protein of the miR-218-2-3P inhibitor group was increased (both PSIN3A could restore the proliferation activity of cells weakenedmiR-218-2-3P inhibitor (both PConclusion · miR-218-2-3P is highly expressed in the NK92MI and NKYS cell lines. miR-218-2-3P may affect the proliferation, apoptosis and cycle of NK/T-cell lymphoma through targeted regulation of SIN3A. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition effect of SUMOylation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ1 on macrophage M2 polarization WANG Xiu-zhi, ZUO Yong 2019, 39 (12):  1402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.010 Abstract ( 1013 )   PDF (7833KB) ( 502 )   Objective · To investigate the role and the regulation mechanism of SUMOylation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ1 (PPARγ1) in macrophage M2 polarization inducedinterleukin-4 (IL-4). Methods · To investigate the SUMOylation of PPARγ1 and identify its SUMOylated site, immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-FLAG/HA antibody and Western blotting were used after plasmids FLAG-PPARγ1-WT/mutant and HA-SUMO1 being co-transfected into HEK293T cells. To determine SENP1 can de-SUMOylate PPARγ1, IP was used when HEK293T cells were co-transfectedFLAG-PPARγ1-WT, HA-SUMO1 and RGS-SENP1-WT, or SENP1 mutant plasmids. The change of the endogenous SUMOylation of PPARγ1 during M2 polarization was checkedIP and Western blottingusing PPARγ or SUMO1 antibodies in cell lysates of RAW264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages inducedIL-4. The of some M2 related marker genes were detectedreal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in PPARγ1-WT/mutants stably-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment was used to confirm the different ability of binding to the promoter of arginaseⅠ (Arg1) between PPARγ1-WT and PPARγ1-K77R. Results · It has been identified that the major SUMOylated site of PPARγ1 was Lys77, which could be de-SUMOylatedSENP1. The endogenous SUMOylation of PPARγ1 decreased when macrophage polarized to M2 macrophage inducedIL-4. The of Arg1 increased in PPARγ1-K77R stably-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. PPARγ1-K77R easily bound to the promoter of Arg1 gene, showing more transcription activity. Conclusion · De-SUMOylation of PPARγ1 at Lys77 can enhance its transcription activitypromoting the of Arg1 gene, which is involved in the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Clinical research)

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Value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage in evaluating efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells on knee osteoarthritis RUAN Jing-jing, LU Qing, TANG Hui, ZHU Zhen-ya, FAN Yu, ZHAO Xin-xin, NIU Xiao-yin 2019, 39 (12):  1409.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.011 Abstract ( 829 )   PDF (9452KB) ( 511 )   Objective · To analyze the value of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knee cartilage in evaluating the efficacy of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (haMPCs) on the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods · Twenty-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with haMPCs and randomly divided into three dose groups, low, medium and high, according to the medication dose. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and carotid multi-parametric MRI scans which include 3D-SPGR, T2-mapping, T2*-mapping, T1ρ-mapping and DWI were performed before and after 48 weeks’ treatment. The WOMAC score, cartilage volume, T2 value, T2* value, T1ρ value and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were recorded. The index changes and the inter-group differences were compared. Results · A total of 18 candidates completed the WOMAC score evaluations and MRI examinations twice. After treatment, except for cartilage volume, WOMAC score, T2 value, T2* value, T1ρ value and ADC value of all subjects were significantly different those before treatment (PPPP0.026) while there was no significant changes in cartilage volume (P>0.05). The inter-group comparisons showed that there was no significant difference before treatment (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference of T1ρ in cartilage between the high-dose group and the low-dose group (P0.012) after treatment. Conclusion · Multi-parametric cartilage MRI can be used to evaluate the efficacy of haMPCs treatment on osteoarthritis, which may be more sensitive than cartilage volume assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mindfulness-based intervention on functional connectivity of resting state electroencephalogram of amphetamine-type stimulants patients ZHANG Jia-ting, ZHANG Jing-ying, DU Zhe-yi, LI Jun, Lü Chao-hui, DU Jiang 2019, 39 (12):  1416.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.012 Abstract ( 781 )   PDF (7929KB) ( 408 )   Objective · To test the mechanism of mindfulness-based intervention in patients with amphetamine-types stimulants disorders. Methods · Forty participants a drug rehabilitation center in Shanghai who had amphetamine-type stimulants disorders were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and randomly divided into either the intervention group or control group. The control group only received the normal treatment, while the intervention group received mindfulness-based intervention as well as normal treatment. Resting state electroencephalogram and mindfulness attention awareness were assessed before and after the intervention. Results · Compared with the control group, the scores of mindfulness attention awareness improved significantly in the intervention group (P0.000), and functional connectivity of frontal cortex (F4 and F5) under the eye-open state and parietal-occipital cortex (P7 and O2) under the mindfulness state increased significantly in the intervention group in β oscillations (P0.000). Moreover, the functional connectivity of parietal-occipital cortex was significantly correlated with the mindfulness attention awareness scores in the intervention group (P0.000). Conclusion · Mindfulness-based intervention is effective in improving the mindfulness attention awareness and increasing the electroencephalogram functional connectivity of partial frontal and parietal-occipital cortex for patients with amphetamine-type stimulants disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between body mass index and central haemodynamic indices CHAO Hui-juan, MA Jin, TANG Bi-wen, HU Yue-liang, WANG Qian, XUAN Yan, ZUO Jun-li 2019, 39 (12):  1422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.013 Abstract ( 885 )   PDF (7144KB) ( 529 )   Objective · To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and central haemodynamic indices in physical examination population. Methods · December 2017 to June 2018, a total of 287 subjects undergoing health examination (164 males, accounting for 57.1%) in the Physical Examination Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included. According to BMI, the subjects were divided into normal BMI group (BMI2), overweight group (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI2), and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The peripheral systolic blood pressure (PSP), the peripheral diastolic blood pressure (PDP), the peripheral pulse pressure (PPP), and the mean arterial pressure (P-MAP) were measured, respectively. The central arterial pressures were measuredpulse wave analysis, including central systolic blood pressure (CSP), central diastolic blood pressure (CDP), central pulse pressure (CPP), central augmentation pressure (AP), and central augmentation index (AIx). The amplification index of pulse pressure was PPP/CPP. Results · ① The differences of PDP, CDP, P-MAP, AP, AIx and PPP/CPP among the three groups were statistically significant (Pr-0.140, r-0.149, Pr0.151, r0.155, r0.124, PConclusion · With the increase of BMI, AP and AIx show a downward trend, but PDP, CDP, and PPP/CPP show an upward trend; BMI and CSP have no significant correlation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on correlation between carotid viscoelasticity and blood flow shear rate YANG Xing-yi, LUO Xiang-hong, SHAO Si-hui, DU Lian-fang, LI Zhao-jun 2019, 39 (12):  1427.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.014 Abstract ( 753 )   PDF (7178KB) ( 427 )   Objective · To examine the carotid viscoelasticityusing ultrasonic shear wave dispersion (USWD) technique, and to preliminarily analyze its correlation with blood flow shear rate. Methods · Forty-five patients of General Surgery Department of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine December 2018 to January 2019 were recruited, and divided into the elder group ( ≥ 50 years old) and the younger group (R), shear wave dispersion (SWDR), blood flow maximum shear rate (SRmax) and mean shear rate (SRmean). The correlations between SWER, SWDR and blood flow shear rate were analyzedPearson correlation, respectively. Results · ①Compared with the younger group, the carotid artery SWER, SWDR, SRmax and SRmean of the patients in the elder group were lower (all PR and SWDR of carotid artery of all patients were positively correlated with SRmax and SRmean, respectively (all PConclusion · Carotid arterial viscoelastic index based on USWD technique is closely related to the blood flow shear rate, which is expected to provide a new perspective for the study of carotid arterial diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of therapeutic effects between different cycles of docetaxel, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide regime on adjuvant chemotherapy of locally advanced breast cancer WANG Zhi-wei, WANG Jie, WEI Min, YANG Li, SHAO Yu-guo, JI Min, HE Qi 2019, 39 (12):  1432.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.015 Abstract ( 1080 )   PDF (6539KB) ( 489 )   Objective · To compare the therapeutic effects and adverse effects between regimes TEC (docetaxel, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide)×8 and TEC×6 on the adjuvant chemotherapy of locally advanced breast cancer patients. Methods · Sixty-six locally advanced breast cancer patients with at least 4 positive lymph nodes were retrospectively selected in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine April 2008 to April 2015. Patients were divided into TEC×8 regime group (n31) and TEC×6 regime group (n35) according to the cycles that were given to the patients. Three-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rate of patients in these two groups were compared. The incidence of myelosuppression, fever and liver function injury were also compared between patients in TEC×8 regime group and TEC×6 regime group. Chi square test (χ2) was used for comparison between two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to perform survival analysis. Results · No significant difference was found in 3-year OS rate between TEC×8 regime group (93.5%) and TEC×6 regime group (91.4%) (P0.716), and no significant difference was found in 3-year DFS rate between TEC×8 regime group (87.1%) and TEC×6 regime group (85.7%) (P0.855). The incidence of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳmyelosuppression of patients in TEC×8 regime group (90.3%) was significantly higher than that in TEC×6 regime group (65.7%) (P0.017). No significant difference was found in the incidence of fever between TEC×8 regime group (16.1%) and TEC×6 regime group (14.3%) (P0.835). There was no significant difference in the incidence of liver function injury between TEC×8 regime group (77.4%) and TEC×6 regime group (85.7%) (P0.383). Conclusion · There is no significant difference in OS or DFS rate between TEC×8 regime and TEC×6 regime in adjuvant chemotherapy of locally advanced breast cancer, neither is in the incidence of fever and liver function injury. However, grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ myelosuppression more frequently occurs in TEC×8 regime group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between blood pressure and level of catecholamine in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome CHEN Shu-mei, WU Jia-li, LI Xiao-yan 2019, 39 (12):  1437.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.016 Abstract ( 659 )   PDF (7287KB) ( 398 )   Objective · To investigate the correlation between blood pressure and catecholamine levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods · January 2014 to December 2014, children and adolescents aged 2 to 12 years old who complained mainly of snoring during sleep were admitted to Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Hospital and underwent surgery. All-night polysomnography (PSG) was used to monitor and measure the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in conscious state. According to the blood pressure reference standard of Chinese children and adolescents in 2010, the children with OSAHS were divided into normal blood pressure group, SBP increased group, DBP increased group, and SBP and DBP increased group. The children with OSAHS were divided into light, moderate and severe OSAHS subgroups according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO2). The correlation between blood pressure and the level of catecholamine was analyzed in the children with OSAHS. Results · Two hundred and twenty-three subjects were included in the analysis. The average SBP was (100.3±9.8) mmHg (1 mmHg0.133 kPa) and the average DBP was (63.0±9.8) mmHg. There were 50 cases (22.42%) diagnosed as hypertension, in which 20 cases (8.97%) were severe hypertension. The 223 children with OSAHS were divided into mild OSAHS subgroup (n59), moderate OSAHS subgroup (n127) and severe OSAHS subgroup (n37) according to OSAHS grades. The difference of adrenaline level between the normal blood pressure group and the DBP increased group was statistically significant (P0.032). The difference of LSpO2 between the DBP increased group and the SBP and DBP increased group was statistically significant (P0.031). There were no significant differences in dopamine and noradrenaline levels among the four groups. There were significant differences in SBP and adrenaline level between OSAHS mild subgroup and moderate subgroup (P0.038, P0.000), but there were no significant differences between the moderate OSAHS subgroup and the severe OSAHS subgroup. There were no significant differences in dopamine and noradrenaline levels among the three OSAHS subgroups. Conclusion · The increase of plasma catecholamine level in children with OSAHS can lead to the increase of SBP, which will increase with the development of OSAHS. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS should be taken into consideration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of hemoglobin A1c with blood viscosity and peripheral arterial blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus CHEN Li, CHEN Ying-chao, YANG Li-zhen 2019, 39 (12):  1442.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.017 Abstract ( 797 )   PDF (9974KB) ( 451 )   Objective · To investigate the relationship of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with blood viscosity and peripheral arterial blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods · A total of 345 patients with T2DM were divided into four groups according to the HbA1c levels: group A (HbA1c≤ HbA1c≤ HbA1c≥ 10.0%, 77 cases). All patients were tested for blood glucose, HbA1c, blood viscosity and peripheral arterial ultrasound. Spearman and Pearson correlation as well as stepwise multivariate regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. Results · The whole blood viscosities at 1/s, 5/s, 30/s and 200/s shear rates of group B, C and D (HbA1c ≥ 7%) were significantly higher than those of group A (HbA1c≥ 8.5%) were significantly higher than those of group A and B (HbA1c(P(PPConclusion · The blood HbA1c levels in T2DM patients are positively correlated with blood viscosity, and HSRV, and negatively correlated with left and right internal carotid arterial inner diameters, but have no significant correlation with peripheral arterial blood flow velocity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection in preschool children and environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs in Yangpu District of Shanghai LU Zu-peng, ZHANG Xiang, LI Jing, MI Rong-sheng, ZHAO Pei-quan 2019, 39 (12):  1451.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.018 Abstract ( 748 )   PDF (7055KB) ( 397 )   Objective · To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxocara canis (T. canis) preschool children in Yangpu District of Shanghai, and to evaluate the environmental contamination with T. canis eggs in public areas. Methods · A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 789 children 7 kindergartens in Yangpu District of Shanghai were asked to fill up a questionnaire. Serum samples of 605 children were testedusing an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of specific IgG antibody against T. canis. Sixty-seven soil samples and 69 fecal samples of dogs were collected the neighborhood close to the kindergartens. DNAs were then extracted all samples and amplifiedPCR targeting T. canis ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) gene fragments. Results · 1.0% of the serum samples were positive for IgG against T. canis. The positive rates of T. canis DNA in the soil and feces were 4.5% and 27.5%, respectively. More than 90.0% of the children had good habits of hand washing and their parents were aware of dog-related diseases and prevention. 6.8% of the children kept dogs at home and 77.8% of the dogs received anthelmintic treatment. 83.5% of the children reported stray dogs in the neighborhood but only 2.0% had regular contact with stray dogs. Conclusion · Seroprevalence of T. canis specific IgG was low among preschool children in this area. Good hygienic habits and prevention consciousness may be the main reasons for this result. But the high environmental contamination of T. canis eggs makes it necessary to preventive public health measures which will play an important role in the prevention and treatment of ocular toxocariasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in antidepressant effects of pioglitazone SHI Yi-fan, HUANG Jia, FANG Yi-ru 2019, 39 (12):  1456.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.019 Abstract ( 802 )   PDF (6811KB) ( 492 )   As an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pioglitazone may be involved in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, oxidative stress and immune inflammatory response, thereby improving depression. Studies find that pioglitazone is effective in treating depression, especially in patients with resistance and comorbid metabolic syndrome, and is expected to be a new treatment for depression. This article reviews the research progress of pioglitazone in clinical application and related mechanisms of depression, into provide theoretical basis and support for subsequent research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders HUANG Yu-xin, TANG Ye-zhou, ZHAO Ya-juan, FU Hao, WANG Yong, JIN Hua 2019, 39 (12):  1460.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.020 Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (8091KB) ( 491 )   Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-invasive physical stimulation for the treatment of unipolar and bipolar disorders. Its mechanism, efficacy and optimal parameters are still in the exploration stage. Based on the tDCS-related researches of unipolar and bipolar disorders in recent years, this paper reviews the efficacy and safety of tDCS treatment in depressive acute stage and maintenance stage, and demonstrates the efficacy of tDCS on treatment-resistant depressive disorder patients, which provides possible ideas for follow-up research and clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the research of musashi family in tumors WU Han, JIN Run-sen, LI He-cheng 2019, 39 (12):  1465.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.021 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (11701KB) ( 560 )   RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in gene regulation and participate in life activities such as RNA synthesis, alternative splicing, modification, transport and translation. It is necessary to study the interaction between RNA and RBP into explore RNA functions. The changes of RBPs are related to a variety of diseases. Musashi (MSI) family is a class of evolutionarily conserved RBPs including MSI1 and MSI2, which play an important role in many key processes such as tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance. They were found to be overexpressed in many tumors and associated with prognosis in the blood system, nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, etc. MSI binds to mRNA to regulate translation and mRNA stability. MSI maintains the number of cancer stem cells and affects tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. The preliminary research of MSI gene as a target to guide tumor therapy has achieved some results. This article describes the physiological functions of MSI family and its roles in tumorigenesis and development, and provides an overview of the latest research progress of MSI family as a diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathologic basis and application progress of ultrasound elasticity imaging technique in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions HU Wen-jie, LI Fan, BAI Min 2019, 39 (12):  1472.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.022 Abstract ( 840 )   PDF (8753KB) ( 344 )   At present, breast cancer has become the most common female malignancy badly threatening health around the world, which suggests that early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. As a new ultrasound technique, ultrasonic elastography (UE) has developed rapidly and been applied widely. UE provides more significant information about tissue elasticity characteristics on the basis of B-mode ultrasound, and elasticity imagings show stiffness distribution of tissues directly. At the same time, tissue elasticity characteristics are closely associated with pathological component. Therefore, UE provides an important basis for clinical differential diagnosis of breast lesions. This paper reviews pathologic basis and application progress of UE in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder LI Pu-yu, WANG Zhen 2019, 39 (12):  1477.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.12.023 Abstract ( 1328 )   PDF (10090KB) ( 534 )   At present, a considerable proportion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) cannot be effectively relievedstandard drug and psychotherapy, so researchers have turned their attention to new directions of physiotherapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as an adjuvant therapy for refractory OCD, is a non-invasive nerve stimulation technique. Many studies have shown that rTMS is effective in the treatment of OCD. However, there were also disputes in the selection of stimulation targets, parameter settings and so on. This article systematically combs the setting and application of standard rTMS in the treatment of OCD, and comprehensive therapeutic effect of rTMS, and then discusses the deficiency of treatment so far, into put forward the future development direction and promote clinical treatment progress. Related Articles | Metrics