上海交通大学学报（医学版）

›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 556-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2013.05.007

• 专题报道（临床护理与管理） • 上一篇    下一篇

肝移植受者术后生存体验的质性研究

沈 燕, 张 红   

  1. 上海交通大学 医学院附属仁济医院肝病外科门诊, 上海 200127
  • 出版日期:2013-05-28 发布日期:2013-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 张 红, 电子信箱: zhanghong3393@126.com。
  • 作者简介:沈 燕（1982—）, 女, 护师； 电子信箱: quickgood@163.com。

Qualitative research of survival experience of liver transplant recipients

SHEN Yan, ZHANG Hong   

  1. Department of Liver Disease Outpatient, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
  • Online:2013-05-28 Published:2013-05-28

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摘要：

目的 了解肝移植受者术后的生存体验。方法 采用质性研究的现象学研究法，对17例肝移植受者进行面对面、半结构式的深入访谈，并运用Colaizzi法分析资料，提取有价值的资料和观点，并提炼主题。结果 肝移植受者对生存质量的主观体验各不相同，但普遍认为肝移植手术提高了生存质量。生存质量的5个层面14个主题被提炼，①主观体验层面：包括提高生活自由度、豁达的生活态度和提高生活信心3个主题；②生理层面：包括患者体能改变、性生活意愿下降或改善和睡眠质量改善3个主题；③心理层面：担忧、自卑和感恩心理3个主题；④社会和家庭层面：社会交往圈改变、较完善的社会支持系统和良好的家庭支持3个主题；⑤自我护理能力：注重自我保护避免感染和遵医行为的差异性2个主题。结论 肝移植手术为肝病患者提供了生存机会，提高了他们术后的生活质量。医务人员应注重肝移植受者在生理、心理、社会适应能力及自我护理方面的体验，采取多种护理措施为患者提供指导与帮助，提高其生活质量。

关键词: 肝移植受者, 术后, 生存体验, 质性研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the survival experience of liver transplant recipients.MethodsWith phenomenology method of qualitative research, face-to-face and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in 17 liver transplant recipients. The data were analysed with Colaizzi method, the valuable information and opinions were extracted, and the theme was refined. Results The experience of life quality in liver transplant recipients was various, but the quality of life was thought to be improved generally. Fourteen themes of 5 levels of quality of life were refined. ① The subjective experience level included 3 themes: increased degree of freedom of life, open-minded attitude to life, and improvement of confidence of life. ② The physiology level included 3 themes: physical change, sexual life with decrease or improvement, and improvement of sleep quality. ③ The psychology level included 3 themes: concern, inferiority, and psychology of gratitude. ④ The society and family level included 3 themes: changed social communication society, better social support system, and good family support. ⑤ The self-care ability level included 2 themes: self-protection to avoid infection, and abidance by medical advice. Conclusion Liver transplantation may improve the quality of life of patients with liver diseases. Medical staff should pay attention to the physiological, psychological and social adaptation ability and self-care experience of liver transplant recipients, take a variety of nursing measures to provide patients with guidance and help so as to improve the quality of life.

Key words: liver transplant recipients, postoperation, survival experience, qualitative research