上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 357-363.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.03.014
李燕1(
), 江艳2, 康琼芳3, 陆群峰2()
收稿日期:2021-10-15
出版日期:2022-03-28
发布日期:2022-05-09
通讯作者:
陆群峰
E-mail:ncdwwll@126.com;luluroom2004@163.com
作者简介:李燕（1994—），女，护师，硕士；电子信箱：ncdwwll@126.com。
LI Yan1(), JIANG Yan2, KANG Qiongfang3, LU Qunfeng2()
Received:2021-10-15
Online:2022-03-28
Published:2022-05-09
Contact:
LU Qunfeng
E-mail:ncdwwll@126.com;luluroom2004@163.com
摘要：
目的·检索、评价和整合预防婴幼儿尿布性皮炎的最佳证据，为减少婴幼儿尿布性皮炎提供循证依据。方法·系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、苏格兰校级指南网、加拿大安大略护理学会最佳实践指南、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库、Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness、Cochrane Library、Campbell协作网、医脉通、PubMed、中国生物医学文献数据库、中华护理学会网站、中华医学会儿科学分会网站中有关预防婴幼儿尿布性皮炎的相关证据，包括临床决策、指南、证据总结、系统评价及专家共识。检索年限为建库至2021年6月。由2名研究者对文献质量进行独立评价，同时提取和汇总相关证据。结果·共纳入8篇文献，包括2篇临床决策、1篇证据总结、4篇系统评价、1篇专家共识。共总结了26条证据，内容包括尿布部位的暴露、屏障制剂的应用、清洁、尿布的选择和更换、教育与培训等方面。结论·临床医护人员应在循证依据的基础上结合文化特点、资源配置和患者特征等情况，优化临床预防尿布性皮炎的流程，重视家庭健康教育，以降低婴幼儿尿布性皮炎发生率。
中图分类号:
李燕, 江艳, 康琼芳, 陆群峰. 婴幼儿尿布性皮炎预防策略的最佳证据总结[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 42(3): 357-363.
LI Yan, JIANG Yan, KANG Qiongfang, LU Qunfeng. Summary of the best evidence summary on prevention strategies for diaper dermatitis in infants[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(3): 357-363.
图1 文献筛选过程及结果
Fig 1 Literature screening process and results
| Study | Year | Resource | Type | Theme |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MATHEW［ | 2021 | JBI | Evidence summary | Management of diaper dermatitis in infants and preschool children |
| BAER［ | 2006 | Cochrane | Systematic review | Application of disposable diapers in prevention of infant diaper dermatitis |
| DAVIES［ | 2005 | Cochrane | Systematic review | Role of topical vitamin A or its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of infant diaper dermatitis |
| ROWE［ | 2008 | JBI | Systematic review | Effect of barrier preparation on prevention/treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants and preschool children |
| BLUME-PEYTAVI［ | 2014 | DARE | Systematic review | Prevention of diaper dermatitis in infant： a literature review |
| ZHANG［ | 2020 | Medlive | Consensus approach | Expert consensus on nursing practice of infant diaper dermatitis |
| HORII［ | 2019 | UptoDate | Clinical decision | Clinical decision making in the management of diaper dermatitis |
| BMJ［ | 2018 | Best Practice | Clinical decision | An overview of dermatitis |
表1 纳入文献的一般特征
Tab 1 Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Year | Resource | Type | Theme |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MATHEW［ | 2021 | JBI | Evidence summary | Management of diaper dermatitis in infants and preschool children |
| BAER［ | 2006 | Cochrane | Systematic review | Application of disposable diapers in prevention of infant diaper dermatitis |
| DAVIES［ | 2005 | Cochrane | Systematic review | Role of topical vitamin A or its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of infant diaper dermatitis |
| ROWE［ | 2008 | JBI | Systematic review | Effect of barrier preparation on prevention/treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants and preschool children |
| BLUME-PEYTAVI［ | 2014 | DARE | Systematic review | Prevention of diaper dermatitis in infant： a literature review |
| ZHANG［ | 2020 | Medlive | Consensus approach | Expert consensus on nursing practice of infant diaper dermatitis |
| HORII［ | 2019 | UptoDate | Clinical decision | Clinical decision making in the management of diaper dermatitis |
| BMJ［ | 2018 | Best Practice | Clinical decision | An overview of dermatitis |
| Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAER［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| DAVIES［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| ROWE［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| BLUME-PEYTAVI［ | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N |
表2 系统评价的质量评价结果
Tab 2 Quality evaluation of systematic reviews
| Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAER［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| DAVIES［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| ROWE［ | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| BLUME-PEYTAVI［ | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N |
| Evaluation criterion | Result | |
|---|---|---|
| LI［ | ADALAT［ | |
| 1. Whether the inclusion criteria of the sample are clearly defined | Y | N |
| 2. Whether the research object and the research site are described in detail | Y | Y |
| 3. Whether the measurement method of exposure factors has reliability and validity | Y | N/C |
| 4. Whether diseases or health problems are defined by objective and consistent criteria | Y | Y |
| 5. Whether confounding factors are identified | N | N |
| 6. Whether measures are taken to control confounding factors | N | N |
| 7. Whether the measurement method of outcome index has reliability and validity | Y | Y |
| 8. Whether the data analysis methods are appropriate | Y | Y |
表3 横断面研究评价结果
Tab 3 Evaluation of cross-sectional studies
| Evaluation criterion | Result | |
|---|---|---|
| LI［ | ADALAT［ | |
| 1. Whether the inclusion criteria of the sample are clearly defined | Y | N |
| 2. Whether the research object and the research site are described in detail | Y | Y |
| 3. Whether the measurement method of exposure factors has reliability and validity | Y | N/C |
| 4. Whether diseases or health problems are defined by objective and consistent criteria | Y | Y |
| 5. Whether confounding factors are identified | N | N |
| 6. Whether measures are taken to control confounding factors | N | N |
| 7. Whether the measurement method of outcome index has reliability and validity | Y | Y |
| 8. Whether the data analysis methods are appropriate | Y | Y |
| Prevention strategy | Evidence | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Air | 1. There should be a period of nappy-free time each day［ | Ⅴb |
| Barrier | 2. Apply protectant at each diaper change to protect skin from irritants， such as urine and feces［ | Ⅰc |
| 3. It is better to choose a barrier preparation or medicine for external usage with the fewest ingredients， avoiding irritating or allergenic ingredients， such as aromatic agent， preservative， neomycin， boric acid， camphor， phenol， benzocaine and salicylate. Otherwise， it may result in systemic toxicity or methemoglobinemia［ | Ⅰc | |
| 4. Pastes and ointments are usually better than creams and lotions； the adhesion of creams and emulsions is poor and the sealing degree is very low. They often contain aromatics and preservatives as well［ | Ⅰb | |
| 5. Sucralfate can also act as a physical barrier against irritants. It has antibacterial activity， which is useful in the treatment of severe or intractable irritant diaper dermatitis［ | Ⅳd | |
| 6. Olive oil and marigold ointment have similar effect on preventing diaper-related dermatitis［ | Ⅰc | |
| 7. The effect of vitamin A in the prevention of diaper dermatitis is unclear［ | Ⅰc | |
| Cleaning | 8. Dry manure can be gently removed by dipping a cotton ball in paraffin oil［ | Ⅴc |
| 9. Barrier paste doesn’t need to be completely removed at each diaper change， and paraffin oil can be used to assist when necessary［ | Ⅰa | |
| 10. Excessive use of cleaners and excessive friction should be avoided［ | ||
| 11. Warm water （37‒40 ℃） and soft cloth can be used to clean the skin， and baby wipes with the least additive and no aromatic agent， ethanol， fluorescent agent， dyes， and preservatives can be chosen. You should scrub and pat gently on the undamaged skin［ | Ⅰa | |
| 12. Baby wipes should be discontinued if irritation or breakage occurs［ | Ⅴc | |
| 13. The diaper area should be cleaned with a small amount of a gentle cleanser with a physiological pH［ | Ⅴc | |
| 14. In preterm and term newborns， the use of wipe will reduce skin pH value， percutaneous moisture loss and less skin erythema［ | Ⅰc | |
| 15. A separate baby bath should be used to reduce diaper red spots and rough， dry skin［ | Ⅰc | |
| 16. In the case of bathing twice a week， bathing with water alone can improve newborn skin conditions and reduce the incidence of nappy-related dermatitis compared to bathing with water and body gel［ | Ⅰc | |
| Diaper | 17. Disposable diapers are recommended［ | Ⅰa |
| 18. Nappies with hydroscopicity gel are superior to cellulose core nappies， cellulose core diapers are better than cloth diapers， air permeable nappies are superior to air tight nappies， and diapers with permeability stains are better than regular diapers［ | Ⅰa | |
| 19. Using plastic underwear over diapers should be avoided［ | Ⅴc | |
| 20. Diapers should at suitable size and tightness［ | Ⅴb | |
| 21. If the baby is allergic to diapers， a different brand or a soft cotton diaper should be chosen［ | Ⅴb | |
| 22. Frequent diaper changes are effective measures to prevent diaper dermatitis［ | Ⅰa | |
| 23. Diapers should be changed every 2 h （or checked for soiled at least every 2 h）， and newborns and children with diarrhea should be changed more frequently ［ | Ⅴb | |
| 24. Diapers after defecation immediately should be changed［ | Ⅴb | |
| 25. The diaper should be replaced 1 h after diuretic application［ | Ⅴb | |
| Education | 26. Parents and healthcare personnel should be educated on appropriate exposure， selection of barrier agents， skin cleaning， diaper selection， and timing of diaper change［ | Ⅴb |
表4 婴幼儿尿布性皮炎风险筛查和预防策略的最佳证据总结
Tab 4 Summary of the best evidence on risk screening and prevention strategies for diaper dermatitis in infants
| Prevention strategy | Evidence | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Air | 1. There should be a period of nappy-free time each day［ | Ⅴb |
| Barrier | 2. Apply protectant at each diaper change to protect skin from irritants， such as urine and feces［ | Ⅰc |
| 3. It is better to choose a barrier preparation or medicine for external usage with the fewest ingredients， avoiding irritating or allergenic ingredients， such as aromatic agent， preservative， neomycin， boric acid， camphor， phenol， benzocaine and salicylate. Otherwise， it may result in systemic toxicity or methemoglobinemia［ | Ⅰc | |
| 4. Pastes and ointments are usually better than creams and lotions； the adhesion of creams and emulsions is poor and the sealing degree is very low. They often contain aromatics and preservatives as well［ | Ⅰb | |
| 5. Sucralfate can also act as a physical barrier against irritants. It has antibacterial activity， which is useful in the treatment of severe or intractable irritant diaper dermatitis［ | Ⅳd | |
| 6. Olive oil and marigold ointment have similar effect on preventing diaper-related dermatitis［ | Ⅰc | |
| 7. The effect of vitamin A in the prevention of diaper dermatitis is unclear［ | Ⅰc | |
| Cleaning | 8. Dry manure can be gently removed by dipping a cotton ball in paraffin oil［ | Ⅴc |
| 9. Barrier paste doesn’t need to be completely removed at each diaper change， and paraffin oil can be used to assist when necessary［ | Ⅰa | |
| 10. Excessive use of cleaners and excessive friction should be avoided［ | ||
| 11. Warm water （37‒40 ℃） and soft cloth can be used to clean the skin， and baby wipes with the least additive and no aromatic agent， ethanol， fluorescent agent， dyes， and preservatives can be chosen. You should scrub and pat gently on the undamaged skin［ | Ⅰa | |
| 12. Baby wipes should be discontinued if irritation or breakage occurs［ | Ⅴc | |
| 13. The diaper area should be cleaned with a small amount of a gentle cleanser with a physiological pH［ | Ⅴc | |
| 14. In preterm and term newborns， the use of wipe will reduce skin pH value， percutaneous moisture loss and less skin erythema［ | Ⅰc | |
| 15. A separate baby bath should be used to reduce diaper red spots and rough， dry skin［ | Ⅰc | |
| 16. In the case of bathing twice a week， bathing with water alone can improve newborn skin conditions and reduce the incidence of nappy-related dermatitis compared to bathing with water and body gel［ | Ⅰc | |
| Diaper | 17. Disposable diapers are recommended［ | Ⅰa |
| 18. Nappies with hydroscopicity gel are superior to cellulose core nappies， cellulose core diapers are better than cloth diapers， air permeable nappies are superior to air tight nappies， and diapers with permeability stains are better than regular diapers［ | Ⅰa | |
| 19. Using plastic underwear over diapers should be avoided［ | Ⅴc | |
| 20. Diapers should at suitable size and tightness［ | Ⅴb | |
| 21. If the baby is allergic to diapers， a different brand or a soft cotton diaper should be chosen［ | Ⅴb | |
| 22. Frequent diaper changes are effective measures to prevent diaper dermatitis［ | Ⅰa | |
| 23. Diapers should be changed every 2 h （or checked for soiled at least every 2 h）， and newborns and children with diarrhea should be changed more frequently ［ | Ⅴb | |
| 24. Diapers after defecation immediately should be changed［ | Ⅴb | |
| 25. The diaper should be replaced 1 h after diuretic application［ | Ⅴb | |
| Education | 26. Parents and healthcare personnel should be educated on appropriate exposure， selection of barrier agents， skin cleaning， diaper selection， and timing of diaper change［ | Ⅴb |
| 1 | 梅建国. 儿童护理[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2005. |
| 2 | COHEN B. Differential diagnosis of diaper dermatitis[J]. Clin Pediatr (Phila), 2017, 56(5_suppl): 16S-22S. |
| 3 | ŠIKIĆ P M, MAVER U, MARČUN V N, et al. Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis in infants with emphasis on skin microbiota in the diaper area[J]. Int J Dermatol, 2018, 57(3): 265-275. |
| 4 | O'CONNOR R J, SANCHEZ V, WANG Y, et al. Evaluation of the impact of 2 disposable diapers in the “Natural” diaper category on diapered skin condition[J]. Clin Pediatr (Phila), 2019, 58(7): 806-815. |
| 5 | LI C H, ZHU Z H, DAI Y H. Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors for children aged 1-24 months in China[J]. J Int Med Res, 2012, 40(5): 1752-1760. |
| 6 | SUKHNEEWAT C, CHAIYARIT J, TECHASATIAN L. Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors in Thai children aged under 24 months[J]. BMC Dermatol, 2019, 19(1): 7. |
| 7 | 郭一峰, 李萍, 汤建萍, 等. 中国12城市0~7岁儿童皮肤病患病率调查[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2017, 50(11): 790-794. |
| 8 | 李彩虹, 朱宗涵, 戴耀华. 0~24月龄婴幼儿家庭养育情况调查[J]. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2012, 23(3): 253-255, 264. |
| 9 | CARR A N, DEWITT T, CORK M J, et al. Diaper dermatitis prevalence and severity: global perspective on the impact of caregiver behavior[J]. Pediatr Dermatol, 2020, 37(1): 130-136. |
| 10 | 姜妍, 尹小兵, 李娜, 等. 婴幼儿尿布性皮炎影响因素及预防的研究进展[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2021, 36(10): 906-910. |
| 11 | DICENSO A, BAYLEY L, HAYNES R B. Accessing pre-appraised evidence: fine-tuning the 5S model into a 6S model[J]. Evid Based Nurs, 2009, 12(4): 99-101. |
| 12 | PIEPER D, KOENSGEN N, BREUING J, et al. How is AMSTAR applied by authors-a call for better reporting[J]. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2018, 18(1): 56. |
| 13 | MCARTHUR A, KLUGÁROVÁ J, YAN H, et al. Innovations in the systematic review of text and opinion[J]. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 2015, 13(3): 188-195. |
| 14 | 王春青, 胡雁. JBI证据预分级及证据推荐级别系统(2014版)[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2015, 30(11): 964-967. |
| 15 | MATHEW S. Diaper dermatitis (infants and preschool): management[EB/OL]. (2021-04-19) [2021-06-30]. http://ovidsp.dc2.ovid.com/ovid-a/ovidweb.cgi?&S=DNHDFPCPLMEBLBEGJPPJNHBFMA GOAA00&Complete+Reference=S.sh.83%7c6%7c1&Counter5=SS_view_found_complete%7cJBI1296%7cjbi%7cjbidb%7cjbi&Counter 5Data=JBI1296%7cjbi%7cjbidb%7cjbi. |
| 16 | BAER E L, DAVIES M W, EASTERBROOK K J. Disposable nappies for preventing napkin dermatitis in infants[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 2006(3): CD004262. |
| 17 | DAVIES M W, DORE A J, PERISSINOTTO K L. Topical vitamin A, or its derivatives, for treating and preventing napkin dermatitis in infants[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005, 2005(4): CD004300. |
| 18 | ROWE J, MCCALL E, KENT B. Clinical effectiveness of barrier preparations in the prevention and treatment of nappy dermatitis in infants and preschool children of nappy age[J]. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 2008, 6(1): 3-23. |
| 19 | BLUME-PEYTAVI U, HAUSER M, LÜNNEMANN L, et al. Prevention of diaper dermatitis in infants: a literature review[J]. Pediatr Dermatol, 2014, 31(4): 413-429. |
| 20 | 张琳琪, 李杨, 宋楠, 等. 婴幼儿尿布性皮炎护理实践专家共识[J].中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(8): 1169. |
| 21 | HORII K A, PROSSICK T A. Diaper dermatitis[EB/OL]. (2019-11-08) [2021-06-30]. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zh-Hans/diaper-dermatitis?search=diaper%20dermatitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~107&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#. |
| 22 | Overview of dermatitis[EB/OL]. (2018-10-16) [2021-06-30]. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/88#referencePop19. |
| 23 | LAVENDER T, FURBER C, CAMPBELL M, et al. Effect on skin hydration of using baby wipes to clean the napkin area of newborn babies: assessor-blinded randomised controlled equivalence trial[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2012, 12: 59. |
| 24 | ADALAT S, WALL D, GOODYEAR H. Diaper dermatitis-frequency and contributory factors in hospital attending children[J]. Pediatr Dermatol, 2007, 24(5): 483-488. |
| 25 | 周英凤, 顾莺, 胡雁, 等. JBI循证卫生保健中心关于不同类型研究的质量评价工具: 干预性研究的质量评价[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2018, 33(1): 24-26. |
| 26 | 周英凤, 顾莺, 胡雁, 等. JBI循证卫生保健中心对关于不同类型研究的质量评价工具: 患病率及分析性横断面研究的质量评价[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2018, 33(3): 219-221. |
| 27 | ATHERTON D J. A review of the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis[J]. Curr Med Res Opin, 2004, 20(5): 645-649. |
| 28 | BOIKO S. Making rash decisions in the diaper area[J]. Pediatr Ann, 2000, 29(1): 50-56. |
| 29 | SHIN H T. Diaper dermatitis that does not quit[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2005, 18(2): 124-135. |
| 30 | FURBER C, BEDWELL C, CAMPBELL M, et al. The challenges and realties of diaper area cleansing for parents[J]. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2012, 41(6): E13-E25. |
| 31 | 乐琼, 张岚, 吴丽芬, 等. 新生儿尿布皮炎结构化管理流程的制订及应用[J]. 护理学报, 2019, 26(19): 22-26. |
| 32 | ROY S,MOLLAH M A H,MANNAN M A, et al. Hazards of wearing diaper among infants[J]. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg, 2017, 35(4): 170-173. |
| 33 | 陈羽双, 杨斯钰, 黄玉婷, 等. 新生儿尿布皮炎的影响因素及预防进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(3): 277-280, 284. |
| 34 | FUTAMURA M, ITO K, OTSUJI K, et al. Effects of “Skin Care School,” a parental education program on childhood atopic dermatitis conducted during short hospitalization stays[J]. Arerugi, 2009, 58(12): 1610-1618. |
| [1] | 韩春红, 王洁, 洪洋, 童亚慧. 深静脉血栓形成机械预防知信行问卷的编制及信度和效度检验[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2022, 42(1): 28-35. |
| [2] | 殷文, 王腾, 周雨曦, 杭燕南, 闻大翔. 婴幼儿活体肝移植术中静脉注射顺阿曲库铵的药效学研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2021, 41(6): 761-763. |
| [3] | 李彭举，钟 量，孙 杰. 输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗婴幼儿上尿路结石：单中心32例研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2020, 40(3): 408-. |
| [4] | 姜燕，李红云，朱昌娥，傅月珍，魏嵘. 气管导管外放置封堵支气管插管与单腔气管导管在婴幼儿单肺通气中的应用比较[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2019, 39(5): 522-. |
| [5] | 魏蒙，袁晓军. 实体肿瘤儿童预防性使用铂类耳毒性拮抗药物研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2018, 38(3): 357-. |
| [6] | 石惠卿,王红兵,陈津津 . 上海市静安区12月龄婴儿丹佛发育筛查及其智能发育相关因素分析#br#[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2017, 37(9): 1207-. |
| [7] | 姜磊，王伟，沈佳，张蔚，唐嘉忠，朱德明. 改进型体外循环管道在婴幼儿体外循环中的应用[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2016, 36(4): 609-. |
| [8] | 成杰,施莉莉,江骏杰，等. 心血管疾病患病率的系统动力学初步研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2016, 36(3): 414-. |
| [9] | 车智美，虞敏. 心脏外科术后谵妄的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2016, 36(11): 1661-. |
| [10] | 屈灿，王小文，黄春，等. 硫酸镁预防肺叶切除术后房颤的前瞻性队列研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2015, 35(4): 554-. |
| [11] | 王建玉，王振，范青，张海音. 运用暴露反应预防疗法治疗强迫症1例报告[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2015, 35(10): 1589-. |
| [12] | 殷 文，闻大翔，杭燕南. 婴幼儿活体肝移植术中罗库溴铵持续输注的药效学研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2014, 34(9): 1381-. |
| [13] | 陈 露，张 晓，曹 乾. 新型农村合作医疗对农村居民预防保健服务利用的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2014, 34(11): 1663-. |
| [14] | 陈国强，方秀统，俞 猛. 老年外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点及预防分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2014, 34(10): 1493-. |
| [15] | 朱瑜洁, 赵培泉, 张 琦. 129例永存原始玻璃体增生症的临床特征和术后疗效分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2013, 33(6): 846-. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
