上海交通大学学报(医学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 52-60.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.007
薛淋淋1(), 李秉翰1, 常丽仙2, 李卫昆2, 刘春云2, 刘立2()
收稿日期:
2022-09-01
接受日期:
2022-12-09
出版日期:
2023-01-28
发布日期:
2023-01-28
通讯作者:
刘立
E-mail:18860230076@163.com;liuli197210@163.com
作者简介:
薛淋淋(1993—),女,硕士生;电子信箱:18860230076@163.com。
基金资助:
XUE Linlin1(), LI Binghan1, CHANG Lixian2, LI Weikun2, LIU Chunyun2, LIU Li2()
Received:
2022-09-01
Accepted:
2022-12-09
Online:
2023-01-28
Published:
2023-01-28
Contact:
LIU Li
E-mail:18860230076@163.com;liuli197210@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
目的·探讨丙型病毒性肝炎(丙肝)肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的影响因素,建立列线图预测模型并进行评价。方法·回顾分析昆明市第三人民医院肝病科2020年1月—2021年12月因丙肝肝硬化住院的失代偿期患者574例,以是否发生细菌感染分为细菌感染组和非细菌感染组。收集患者的一般资料、入院合并症及实验室指标。经单因素分析、最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归筛选变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素,据此构建列线图模型并进行验证。采用决策曲线及临床影响曲线(clinical impact curve,CIC)评估模型的临床实际应用价值。结果·纳入患者中28.4%(163/574)的患者发生细菌感染,共191个部位,以自发性细菌性腹膜炎(86/191)和肺部细菌感染(79/191)为主;共分离培养出病原菌78株,以肺炎克雷伯菌(15/78)和大肠埃希菌(15/78)为主。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄≥60岁[比值比(odds ratio,OR)=2.054,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI) 1.104~3.822,P=0.023]、女性(OR=1.701,95%CI 1.112~2.602,P=0.014)、腹水(OR=2.386,95%CI 1.601~3.557,P=0.000)、近2周有创操作史(OR=2.605,95%CI 1.368~4.960,P=0.004)、住院时间≥2周(OR=1.629,95%CI 1.098~2.416,P=0.015)是丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的独立危险因素;输注人血白蛋白(OR=0.324,95%CI 0.194~0.542,P=0.000)和高总胆固醇(total cholesterol,CHOL;OR=0.675,95%CI 0.549~0.830,P=0.000)水平是其保护因素。用以上7个影响因素构建列线图模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析显示曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.736,敏感度80.4%,特异度65.1%。Hosmer-lemeshow检验显示,模型具有较好的拟合度(χ2=9.030,P=0.340)。使用Bootstrap法内部重复抽样1 000次进行验证,平均绝对误差0.010,校正曲线和理想曲线基本拟合,预测值和实际值一致性较好。决策曲线显示列线图模型在高风险阈值(0.040~0.715)范围时,有着一定的临床实用性。CIC显示该列线图模型可进行高风险人群分层预测。结论·研究所构建的列线图模型具有较好的预测性、一致性和临床实用性,可为临床医师初步判断丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的风险提供依据。
中图分类号:
薛淋淋, 李秉翰, 常丽仙, 李卫昆, 刘春云, 刘立. 丙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的列线图预测模型构建及评价[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2023, 43(1): 52-60.
XUE Linlin, LI Binghan, CHANG Lixian, LI Weikun, LIU Chunyun, LIU Li. Construction and evaluation of a nomogram prediction model for bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(1): 52-60.
Item | Non-bacterial infection group (n=411) | Bacterial infection group (n=163) | χ2 /Z value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age≥60 years/n (%) | 32 (7.8) | 24 (14.7) | 6.283 | 0.012 |
Gender/n (%) | 6.381 | 0.012 | ||
Male | 304 (74.0) | 105 (64.4) | ||
Female | 107 (26.0) | 58 (35.6) | ||
Complication on admission/n (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 74 (16.9) | 20 (12.0) | 2.803 | 0.094 |
Hypertension | 107 (24.4) | 5 (3.0) | 1.926 | 0.588 |
Upper gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 19 (4.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.427 | 0.232 |
Ascites | 113 (25.7) | 81 (48.5) | 28.073 | 0.000 |
Hepatorenal syndrome | 7 (1.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1.061 | 0.303 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 21 (4.8) | 10 (6.0) | 0.240 | 0.624 |
Portal hypertensive Gastroenteropathy | 74 (16.9) | 24 (14.4) | 0.673 | 0.412 |
Hyperammonemia | 24 (5.5) | 18 (10.8) | 4.660 | 0.031 |
History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks/n (%)① | 29 (7.1) | 23 (14.1) | 7.050 | 0.008 |
Infusing human serum albumin/n (%) | 134 (32.6) | 24(14.7) | 18.703 | 0.000 |
Laboratory index | ||||
WBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.2) | 4.6 (3.6, 6.2) | -3.920 | 0.000 |
RBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.8 (3.0, 4.5) | -1.858 | 0.063 |
PLT/(×109·L-1) | 76.0 (52.0, 110.0) | 71.0 (47.0, 104.0) | -0.917 | 0.359 |
NEUT/(×109·L-1) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) | -4.730 | 0.000 |
HGB/(g·L-1) | 124.0 (101.0, 145.0) | 121.3 (90.0, 145.0) | -1.817 | 0.069 |
TP/(g·L-1) | 68.0 (60.8, 72.8) | 66.3 (58.2, 70.5) | -3.107 | 0.002 |
ALB/(g·L-1) | 32.9 (28.0, 38.7) | 30.5 (24.9, 35.0) | -4.280 | 0.000 |
PA/(mg·L-1) | 114.9 (93.1, 134.7) | 114.9 (76.6, 115.0) | -2.870 | 0.004 |
GPT/(U·L-1) | 39.0 (24.0, 64.0) | 36.0 (23.0, 59.0) | -1.509 | 0.131 |
GOT/(U·L-1) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | -0.608 | 0.543 |
TBIL/(μmol·L-1) | 28.3 (18.0, 45.5) | 36.0 (19.9, 69.4) | -2.728 | 0.006 |
TAG/(mmol·L-1) | 1.2 (0.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 4.1) | -0.496 | 0.620 |
CHOL/(mmol·L-1) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.4, 3.4) | -4.081 | 0.000 |
HDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.4) | -3.581 | 0.000 |
LDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | -0.872 | 0.383 |
UR/(mmol·L-1) | 4.7 (3.4, 6.3) | 5.3 (3.6, 7.4) | -1.590 | 0.112 |
CREA/(mmol·L-1) | 65.0 (54.0, 79.0) | 71.0 (55.0, 90.0) | -3.100 | 0.002 |
UA/(μmol·L-1) | 354.0 (276.0, 443.0) | 366.0 (303.0, 447.0) | -0.904 | 0.366 |
LDH/(U·L-1) | 210.1 (156.0, 231.0) | 210.1 (159.0, 252.0) | -1.732 | 0.083 |
PT/s | 15.1 (13.1, 16.8) | 15.1 (10.3, 17.8) | -0.393 | 0.694 |
PTA/% | 58.0 (42.0, 71.0) | 54.7 (20.3, 68.0) | -1.937 | 0.053 |
INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | -2.708 | 0.007 |
AFP/(ng·mL-1) | 10.2 (5.2, 26.3) | 8.7 (3.8, 1 476.3) | -0.073 | 0.942 |
ALP/(U·L-1) | 133.0 (99.0, 200.6) | 143.0 (98.0, 200.6) | -0.806 | 0.420 |
IL-6/(pg·mL-1) | 21.0 (8.4, 64.5) | 62.7 (23.1, 64.5) | -5.908 | 0.000 |
C1q/(mg·L-1) | 170.0 (142.0, 190.0) | 164.7 (140.0, 177.0) | -1.878 | 0.060 |
hs-CRP/(mg·L-1) | 5.3 (0.8, 11.8) | 4.2 (0.8, 11.8) | -0.639 | 0.523 |
Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks/n (%) | 177 (43.1) | 95 (58.3) | 10.839 | 0.001 |
表1 2组丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者基线资料比较
Tab 1 Baseline data comparison between the two groups of patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
Item | Non-bacterial infection group (n=411) | Bacterial infection group (n=163) | χ2 /Z value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age≥60 years/n (%) | 32 (7.8) | 24 (14.7) | 6.283 | 0.012 |
Gender/n (%) | 6.381 | 0.012 | ||
Male | 304 (74.0) | 105 (64.4) | ||
Female | 107 (26.0) | 58 (35.6) | ||
Complication on admission/n (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 74 (16.9) | 20 (12.0) | 2.803 | 0.094 |
Hypertension | 107 (24.4) | 5 (3.0) | 1.926 | 0.588 |
Upper gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 19 (4.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.427 | 0.232 |
Ascites | 113 (25.7) | 81 (48.5) | 28.073 | 0.000 |
Hepatorenal syndrome | 7 (1.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1.061 | 0.303 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 21 (4.8) | 10 (6.0) | 0.240 | 0.624 |
Portal hypertensive Gastroenteropathy | 74 (16.9) | 24 (14.4) | 0.673 | 0.412 |
Hyperammonemia | 24 (5.5) | 18 (10.8) | 4.660 | 0.031 |
History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks/n (%)① | 29 (7.1) | 23 (14.1) | 7.050 | 0.008 |
Infusing human serum albumin/n (%) | 134 (32.6) | 24(14.7) | 18.703 | 0.000 |
Laboratory index | ||||
WBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.2) | 4.6 (3.6, 6.2) | -3.920 | 0.000 |
RBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.8 (3.0, 4.5) | -1.858 | 0.063 |
PLT/(×109·L-1) | 76.0 (52.0, 110.0) | 71.0 (47.0, 104.0) | -0.917 | 0.359 |
NEUT/(×109·L-1) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) | -4.730 | 0.000 |
HGB/(g·L-1) | 124.0 (101.0, 145.0) | 121.3 (90.0, 145.0) | -1.817 | 0.069 |
TP/(g·L-1) | 68.0 (60.8, 72.8) | 66.3 (58.2, 70.5) | -3.107 | 0.002 |
ALB/(g·L-1) | 32.9 (28.0, 38.7) | 30.5 (24.9, 35.0) | -4.280 | 0.000 |
PA/(mg·L-1) | 114.9 (93.1, 134.7) | 114.9 (76.6, 115.0) | -2.870 | 0.004 |
GPT/(U·L-1) | 39.0 (24.0, 64.0) | 36.0 (23.0, 59.0) | -1.509 | 0.131 |
GOT/(U·L-1) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | -0.608 | 0.543 |
TBIL/(μmol·L-1) | 28.3 (18.0, 45.5) | 36.0 (19.9, 69.4) | -2.728 | 0.006 |
TAG/(mmol·L-1) | 1.2 (0.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 4.1) | -0.496 | 0.620 |
CHOL/(mmol·L-1) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.4, 3.4) | -4.081 | 0.000 |
HDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.4) | -3.581 | 0.000 |
LDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | -0.872 | 0.383 |
UR/(mmol·L-1) | 4.7 (3.4, 6.3) | 5.3 (3.6, 7.4) | -1.590 | 0.112 |
CREA/(mmol·L-1) | 65.0 (54.0, 79.0) | 71.0 (55.0, 90.0) | -3.100 | 0.002 |
UA/(μmol·L-1) | 354.0 (276.0, 443.0) | 366.0 (303.0, 447.0) | -0.904 | 0.366 |
LDH/(U·L-1) | 210.1 (156.0, 231.0) | 210.1 (159.0, 252.0) | -1.732 | 0.083 |
PT/s | 15.1 (13.1, 16.8) | 15.1 (10.3, 17.8) | -0.393 | 0.694 |
PTA/% | 58.0 (42.0, 71.0) | 54.7 (20.3, 68.0) | -1.937 | 0.053 |
INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | -2.708 | 0.007 |
AFP/(ng·mL-1) | 10.2 (5.2, 26.3) | 8.7 (3.8, 1 476.3) | -0.073 | 0.942 |
ALP/(U·L-1) | 133.0 (99.0, 200.6) | 143.0 (98.0, 200.6) | -0.806 | 0.420 |
IL-6/(pg·mL-1) | 21.0 (8.4, 64.5) | 62.7 (23.1, 64.5) | -5.908 | 0.000 |
C1q/(mg·L-1) | 170.0 (142.0, 190.0) | 164.7 (140.0, 177.0) | -1.878 | 0.060 |
hs-CRP/(mg·L-1) | 5.3 (0.8, 11.8) | 4.2 (0.8, 11.8) | -0.639 | 0.523 |
Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks/n (%) | 177 (43.1) | 95 (58.3) | 10.839 | 0.001 |
Item | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age≥60 years | 2.045 (1.164‒3.594) | 0.013 | 2.054 (1.104‒3.822) | 0.023 |
Gender (female) | 1.569 (1.064‒2.316) | 0.023 | 1.701 (1.112‒2.602) | 0.014 |
Diabetes | 1.567 (0.921‒2.666) | 0.098 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hypertension | 1.167 (0.709‒1.918) | 0.544 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hyperammonemia | 2.002 (1.055‒3.797) | 0.034 | ‒ | ‒ |
Ascites | 2.605 (1.789‒3.793) | 0.000 | 2.386 (1.601‒3.557) | 0.000 |
History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks① | 2.164 (1.211‒3.867) | 0.009 | 2.605 (1.386‒4.960) | 0.004 |
Infusing human serum albumin | 0.357 (0.221‒0.577) | 0.000 | 0.324 (0.194‒0.542) | 0.000 |
Laboratory index | ||||
WBC | 1.187 (1.099‒1.282) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
NEUT | 1.239 (1.131‒1.359) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
HGB | 0.995 (0.990‒1.000) | 0.068 | ‒ | ‒ |
TP | 0.980 (0.964‒0.997) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
ALB | 0.952 (0.930‒0.975) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
PA | 0.992 (0.988‒0.997) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
TBIL | 1.007 (1.003‒1.010) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
CHOL | 0.680 (0.559‒0.827) | 0.000 | 0.675 (0.549‒0.830) | 0.000 |
HDL-C | 0.644 (0.485‒0.854) | 0.002 | ‒ | ‒ |
LDL-C | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
CREA | 1.005 (1.001‒1.009) | 0.007 | ‒ | ‒ |
IL-6 | 1.001 (1.000‒1.002) | 0.027 | ‒ | ‒ |
C1q | 0.995 (0.992‒0.999) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
LDH | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
INR | 1.015 (0.932‒1.107) | 0.727 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks | 1.847 (1.279‒2.677) | 0.001 | 1.629 (1.098‒2.416) | 0.015 |
表2 丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果
Tab 2 Results of univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
Item | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age≥60 years | 2.045 (1.164‒3.594) | 0.013 | 2.054 (1.104‒3.822) | 0.023 |
Gender (female) | 1.569 (1.064‒2.316) | 0.023 | 1.701 (1.112‒2.602) | 0.014 |
Diabetes | 1.567 (0.921‒2.666) | 0.098 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hypertension | 1.167 (0.709‒1.918) | 0.544 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hyperammonemia | 2.002 (1.055‒3.797) | 0.034 | ‒ | ‒ |
Ascites | 2.605 (1.789‒3.793) | 0.000 | 2.386 (1.601‒3.557) | 0.000 |
History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks① | 2.164 (1.211‒3.867) | 0.009 | 2.605 (1.386‒4.960) | 0.004 |
Infusing human serum albumin | 0.357 (0.221‒0.577) | 0.000 | 0.324 (0.194‒0.542) | 0.000 |
Laboratory index | ||||
WBC | 1.187 (1.099‒1.282) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
NEUT | 1.239 (1.131‒1.359) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
HGB | 0.995 (0.990‒1.000) | 0.068 | ‒ | ‒ |
TP | 0.980 (0.964‒0.997) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
ALB | 0.952 (0.930‒0.975) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
PA | 0.992 (0.988‒0.997) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
TBIL | 1.007 (1.003‒1.010) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
CHOL | 0.680 (0.559‒0.827) | 0.000 | 0.675 (0.549‒0.830) | 0.000 |
HDL-C | 0.644 (0.485‒0.854) | 0.002 | ‒ | ‒ |
LDL-C | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
CREA | 1.005 (1.001‒1.009) | 0.007 | ‒ | ‒ |
IL-6 | 1.001 (1.000‒1.002) | 0.027 | ‒ | ‒ |
C1q | 0.995 (0.992‒0.999) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
LDH | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
INR | 1.015 (0.932‒1.107) | 0.727 | ‒ | ‒ |
Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks | 1.847 (1.279‒2.677) | 0.001 | 1.629 (1.098‒2.416) | 0.015 |
图1 丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染的LASSO回归模型Note: A. Path diagram of regression coefficient. The upper abscissas was the number of variables with non-zero coefficients in the model at this time, the lower abscissas was the logarithm of the penalty coefficient (λ), and the ordinate was the value of the coefficient. B. Cross-verification curve of LASSO regression. The upper and lower abscissas were the same as Fig A, and the ordinate was likelihood bias. The dotted line on the left of Fig B indicates the number of variables corresponding to the minimum λ (when the model has the highest fitting effect), and the number of variables was 14. The dotted line on the right indicates one standard error of the least λ (when the model has better fitting effect, fewer and simpler variables are included), and the number of variables was 7.
Fig 1 LASSO regression model of bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
图2 丙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者发生细菌感染多因素Logistic回归分析的列线图Note: HA—human serum albumin was infused; HT—hospitalization time.
Fig 2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of nomogram of bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
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