非侵入性影像学技术在骨质疏松症中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早期筛查并及时治疗能够有效地降低骨质疏松性骨折的致残率和病死率，高效准确的影像学技术是其关键。相比于骨活检、灌注成像等侵入性手段，非侵入性影像学技术往往在临床活动推广应用中受到的阻力更小。尽管双能X射线吸收法已经被确定为骨质疏松症诊断的最主要方法，但是它的效能受到各种因素影响而相对有限，难以完全反映骨组织的真实状况。近年来影像学技术发展迅速，计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像、定量超声等影像学技术被广泛应用于骨质疏松症的研究和临床应用中，可提供更全面更详尽的骨密度和骨结构信息，为早期筛查诊断、治疗方案设计和疗效预后监测奠定基础。随着医学与计算机科学交织密切，人工智能已经能够协助处理骨质疏松症相关的图像，甚至可以独立进行影像学分析，使得对大样本影像数据库进行疾病筛查成为可能。合理应用上述影像学技术将会极大地减轻骨质疏松症造成的经济和社会负担。该文就非侵入性影像学技术在骨质疏松症方面的技术特点和最新研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 骨质疏松症, 骨密度, 双能X射线吸收法, 计算机断层扫描, 磁共振成像

Abstract:

Early screening and timely treatment can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of the osteoporotic fractures, and hence efficient and accurate non-invasive radiological method is crucial. Non-invasive imaging methods of radiology frequently encounter less resistance in the promotion of therapeutic activities than invasive procedures like bone biopsy and perfusion imaging. Although dual-energy X-ray absorption has been established as the primary diagnostic method for osteoporosis, its efficacy is relatively constrained due to various parameters, and it is challenging to accurately depict the true status of bone structure. In recent years, radiological techniques have developed rapidly. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative ultrasound and other imaging techniques have been widely used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in the research and clinical practices, which provides more comprehensive and detailed information about bone mineral density and bone structure for early diagnosis, treatment design and prognosis monitoring. As clinic and computer science crosstalk closely, it will become possible for artificial intelligence to assist or even independently perform imaging analysis and disease screening in image data base. This article reviews the individual characteristics and latest research progress of the non-invasive radiological techniques for the osteoporosis.

Key words: osteoporosis, bone mineral density, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging

中图分类号:

R816.8

刘辰骏, 尹博浩, 孙辉, 张伟. 非侵入性影像学技术在骨质疏松症中的应用[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2023, 43(3): 385-390.

LIU Chenjun, YIN Bohao, SUN Hui, ZHANG Wei. Application of non-invasive methods of radiology to the osteoporosis[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(3): 385-390.

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