纳米材料应用于心脏纤维化修复的研究进展：从精准治疗到组织重塑

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.03.012

上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 377-384.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.03.012

• 综述 • 上一篇

纳米材料应用于心脏纤维化修复的研究进展：从精准治疗到组织重塑

徐蕊¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 郭嘉城²^,³^,⁴, 谢诗瑶²^,³^,⁴, 韩德恒²^,³^,⁴, 岳修勤¹()

^1.河南医药大学第一附属医院麻醉与围术期医学科，卫辉 453100
^2.郑州大学第一附属医院心血管内科医学部，郑州 450052
^3.河南省心脏损伤修复重点实验室，郑州 450052
^4.代谢紊乱与食管癌防治全国重点实验室，天健先进生物医学实验室，郑州 450001

收稿日期:2025-09-07 接受日期:2025-11-27 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2026-03-30
通讯作者: 岳修勤，主任医师，博士；电子信箱：xiuqinyue@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82400336);河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20230266);河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20240465)

Research advances in nanomaterials in cardiac fibrosis repair: from precision therapy to tissue remodeling

Xu Rui¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Guo Jiacheng²^,³^,⁴, Xie Shiyao²^,³^,⁴, Han Deheng²^,³^,⁴, Yue Xiuqin¹()

^1.Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
^2.Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation & Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Received:2025-09-07 Accepted:2025-11-27 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2026-03-30
Contact: Yue Xiuqin, E-mail: xiuqinyue@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82400336);Joint Construction Project of Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Program(LHGJ20230266)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

心脏纤维化是多种心血管疾病常见且关键的病理环节，显著阻碍心功能恢复并影响远期预后。传统药物如肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂虽有一定抗心脏纤维化作用，但其靶向性不足、作用机制相对局限，难以实现对心脏纤维化核心通路的精准干预。近年来，纳米材料凭借其独特的尺寸效应、可调控的表面性质及良好的生物相容性，在心脏纤维化的精准治疗与组织修复中展现出巨大潜力。该文综述纳米材料在心脏纤维化修复中的最新进展，重点阐述其精准递送、智能控释、功能仿生以及多功能复合集成等策略，剖析纳米材料如何从分子层面调控关键信号通路，在细胞层面调控成纤维细胞、免疫细胞及内皮细胞等功能，进而促进组织层面的结构重建与功能恢复，实现从精准干预到组织重塑的系统性修复。该文还探讨了纳米材料在心血管疾病领域临床转化的现状与挑战，包括其生物安全性、规模化生产及跨物种转化等问题，并展望其未来发展方向，旨在为开发高效、安全的抗心脏纤维化纳米治疗策略提供理论参考与实践指引。

关键词: 心脏纤维化, 纳米材料, 药物递送, 精准治疗, 组织重塑

Abstract:

Cardiac fibrosis represents a common and pivotal pathological process in various cardiovascular diseases, significantly impeding cardiac functional recovery and adversely affecting long-term prognosis. Although conventional pharmacological agents, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, exhibit certain anti-fibrotic effects, their insufficient targeting specificity and relatively confined mechanisms of action limit their capacity to achieve precise intervention in the core signaling pathways of cardiac fibrosis. In recent years, nanomaterials have demonstrated considerable potential in the precision treatment and tissue repair of cardiac fibrosis, owing to their unique size effects, tunable surface properties, and favorable biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in nanomaterial-based approaches for cardiac fibrosis repair, with a focus on key strategies including precision delivery, intelligent controlled release, biomimetic functionality, and multifunctional integration. It further elucidates how nanomaterials modulate key signaling pathways at the molecular level and regulate the functions of critical cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells, at the cellular level, thereby facilitating structural reconstruction and functional recovery at the tissue level, and ultimately achieving systematic repair from precision intervention to tissue remodeling. This article also discusses the current status and challenges associated with the clinical translation of nanomaterials in cardiovascular diseases, addressing issues such as biosafety, scalable production, and cross-species translation, and outlines future research directions. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of effective and safe nano-therapeutic strategies against cardiac fibrosis.

Key words: cardiac fibrosis, nanomaterials, drug delivery, precision therapy, tissue remodeling

中图分类号:

R318.0

徐蕊, 郭嘉城, 谢诗瑶, 韩德恒, 岳修勤. 纳米材料应用于心脏纤维化修复的研究进展：从精准治疗到组织重塑[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 46(3): 377-384.

Xu Rui, Guo Jiacheng, Xie Shiyao, Han Deheng, Yue Xiuqin. Research advances in nanomaterials in cardiac fibrosis repair: from precision therapy to tissue remodeling[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(3): 377-384.

图/表 2

参考文献 60

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Material type	Representative system/material	Research model	Phenotypic effect	Off-target degree	Clinical trial phase
Inorganic nanoparticle	Nano-SiO₂/TiO₂/Fe₂O₃, et al^[33]	In vitro, small animal	Imaging enhancement, photothermal therapy, drug carrier	High	Preclinical/limited clinical; Fe₂O₃ contrast agent has been withdrawn
Organic Nanoparticle
Lipid nanoparticle	Lipid nanoparticle^[51]	In vitro, small animal, large animal, human trial	Nucleic acid delivery (mRNA/siRNA), gene editing	Low-medium	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary)
Liposome	Functionalized liposome (e.g., pH/ROS-responsive)^[23,57]	In vitro, small animal, human trial	Gene delivery, small-molecule drug delivery, toxicity reduction	Low	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary); multiple liposomal drugs are marketed (e.g., doxorubicin, amphotericin B liposomes)
Exosome/EVs	Stem cell-derived exosome, engineered exosome^{[39-40,49,56]}	In vitro, small animal, large animal, human trial	Natural targeting, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair	High	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary)
PEG nanocarrier
Polymeric micelle	PLA-PEG micelle^[58]	In vitro, small animal	RNA encapsulation and delivery	Low-medium	Preclinical; Genexol-PM^® is marketed in several countries
Polymeric nanoparticle	PLGA-PEG nanoparticle^[59]	In vitro, small animal	Long-acting sustained release	Low	Preclinical
Other organic nanoparticle	Protein nanoparticle^[60]	In vitro, small animal	Sustained-release drug carrier	Low	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary); albumin nanoparticles (Abraxane^®) are marketed (for cancer)
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle	Protein-nanoparticle hybrid material^[22,35]	In vitro, small animal	Synergistic therapy	Medium	Preclinical

Material type	Representative system/material	Research model	Phenotypic effect	Off-target degree	Clinical trial phase
Inorganic nanoparticle	Nano-SiO₂/TiO₂/Fe₂O₃, et al^[33]	In vitro, small animal	Imaging enhancement, photothermal therapy, drug carrier	High	Preclinical/limited clinical; Fe₂O₃ contrast agent has been withdrawn
Organic Nanoparticle
Lipid nanoparticle	Lipid nanoparticle^[51]	In vitro, small animal, large animal, human trial	Nucleic acid delivery (mRNA/siRNA), gene editing	Low-medium	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary)
Liposome	Functionalized liposome (e.g., pH/ROS-responsive)^[23,57]	In vitro, small animal, human trial	Gene delivery, small-molecule drug delivery, toxicity reduction	Low	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary); multiple liposomal drugs are marketed (e.g., doxorubicin, amphotericin B liposomes)
Exosome/EVs	Stem cell-derived exosome, engineered exosome^{[39-40,49,56]}	In vitro, small animal, large animal, human trial	Natural targeting, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair	High	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary)
PEG nanocarrier
Polymeric micelle	PLA-PEG micelle^[58]	In vitro, small animal	RNA encapsulation and delivery	Low-medium	Preclinical; Genexol-PM^® is marketed in several countries
Polymeric nanoparticle	PLGA-PEG nanoparticle^[59]	In vitro, small animal	Long-acting sustained release	Low	Preclinical
Other organic nanoparticle	Protein nanoparticle^[60]	In vitro, small animal	Sustained-release drug carrier	Low	Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ (primary); albumin nanoparticles (Abraxane^®) are marketed (for cancer)
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle	Protein-nanoparticle hybrid material^[22,35]	In vitro, small animal	Synergistic therapy	Medium	Preclinical

纳米材料应用于心脏纤维化修复的研究进展：从精准治疗到组织重塑

Research advances in nanomaterials in cardiac fibrosis repair: from precision therapy to tissue remodeling

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