上海交通大学学报（医学版）

›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 1404-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.11.002

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结核分枝杆菌微进化研究与临床应用

姚玉峰   

  1. 上海交通大学 基础医学院病原生物学教研室, 上海 200025
  • 出版日期:2012-11-28 发布日期:2012-11-30
  • 作者简介:姚玉峰(1974—), 男, 教授, 博士, 博士生导师；电子信箱: yfyao@sjtu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划（“九七三”计划）(2009CB522605)；国家自然科学基金(31070114)；上海市科委启明星计划(跟踪12QH1401300)

Applications of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome microevolution

YAO Yu-feng   

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Online:2012-11-28 Published:2012-11-30
  • Supported by:

    National Basic Research Program of China, “973” Program, 2009CB522605；National Natural Science Foundation of China, 31070114；Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Foundation, 12QH1401300

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摘要：

近十年来，在国内众多科研机构的努力下，对结核病的研究取得了较大的进展，并获得了国际认可。但有关结核病的诊断、治疗、预防以及日益严重的耐药问题仍然是我国结核病防控的瓶颈。因此必须加强结核病基础研究的临床转化，并注重以临床应用为靶向的结核病研究。结核分枝杆菌的基因组微进化研究已取得了较大进展，如利用比较基因组学找到结核分枝杆菌有毒株和无毒株的差异，发现MazG突变可能与结核分枝杆菌的毒力丧失有关。如何利用这些资源为结核病的诊断、预防和治疗提供新型的有效手段是结核病研究人员的当务之急。

关键词: 结核分枝杆菌, 基因组微进化, 预防, 诊断

Abstract:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a serious threat to human health globally. In the past 10 years, more achievements on the study of tuberculosis by Chinese scientists have gained worldwide acceptance. However, the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and increasing drug resistance remain to be major problems for tuberculosis control in China. Currently, we have to put efforts on the translation of the tuberculosis basic research and focus on the important clinical issues. Based on the progress of the genome sequencing, it has been found that all genetic events occurring in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome evolution play an important role in all aspects including biological properties, pathogenicity and drug resistance. For example, a pyrophosphohydrolase mutation identified by the genome comparison revealed the loss of virulence of the avirulent strain H37Ra. Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome microevolution will be beneficial to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genome microevolution, prevention, diagnosis