乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2025.08.012

上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1046-1052.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2025.08.012

乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中的研究进展

唐文静¹^,², 贾洁³, 杨科峰³, 毛绚霞³, 宋芳芳¹()

^1.上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院临床营养科，上海 200092
^2.同济大学医学院生物医学工程与纳米科学学院，上海 200331
^3.上海交通大学医学院医学技术学院临床营养系，上海 200025

收稿日期:2025-02-19 接受日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者: 宋芳芳，讲师，博士；电子信箱：sffkelly@126.com。
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(24YJCZH273);上海市教育委员会上海高校实验技术队伍建设计划;上海市教育科学研究项目(C2024253);上海交通大学文科青年人才培育项目(2025QN038)

Research progress on milk-derived exosomes in sarcopenia

TANG Wenjing¹^,², JIA Jie³, YANG Kefeng³, MAO Xuanxia³, SONG Fangfang¹()

^1.Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
^2.The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
^3.Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2025-02-19 Accepted:2025-04-18 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: SONG Fangfang, E-mail: sffkelly@126.com.
Supported by:
General Project of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research(24YJCZH273);Shanghai University Experimental Technology Team Construction Plan by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission;Shanghai Educational Science Research Project(C2024253);Shanghai Jiao Tong University Liberal Arts Young Talents Cultivation Program(2025QN038)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乳源外泌体是哺乳动物乳汁中天然存在的纳米级细胞外囊泡，富含蛋白质、脂质、核酸及代谢活性分子，具有抗炎、抗氧化应激和免疫调节等生物活性。乳源外泌体凭借独特的低免疫原性，良好的生物相容性、稳定性和天然靶向性，成为极具潜力的天然纳米载体，在疾病治疗和营养干预领域备受关注。肌肉衰减综合征以骨骼肌质量下降和肌力减退为特征，与衰老、慢性炎症和氧化应激密切相关。近年来研究发现，乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中具有潜在作用。它可以增加肌细胞的肌管直径，提高肌肉质量和肌纤维横截面积，改善抓握力等运动表现。其机制可能包括促进肌肉合成代谢、通过抗氧化机制改善线粒体功能，以及调控炎症微环境等。目前，乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中的应用仍面临诸多挑战，如乳源外泌体中关键活性成分［如微RNA（microRNA，miRNA）、L-鸟氨酸、乳脂球表皮生长因子8（milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8，MFG-E8）等］的作用机制尚未明确，递送系统的靶向性和稳定性尚待优化。未来研究需聚焦于乳源外泌体的成分功能解析、递送系统优化及临床前验证，以推动其在老年肌肉健康管理中的实际应用。

关键词: 乳源外泌体, 肌肉衰减综合征, 天然纳米载体

Abstract:

Milk-derived exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles naturally present in mammalian milk and are rich in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and bioactive metabolites. They exhibit biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Owing to their unique advantages of low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, stability, and natural targeting ability, milk-derived exosomes have emerged as promising natural nanocarriers, garnering significant attention in disease treatment and nutritional interventions. Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass and diminished strength, is closely associated with aging, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of milk-derived exosomes in combating sarcopenia. These exosomes can increase myotube diameter, enhance muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, and improve exercise performance metrics such as grip strength. Potential mechanisms may include promoting muscle anabolism, improving mitochondrial function through antioxidant mechanisms, and modulating the inflammatory microenvironments. However, challenges remain in their application for sarcopenia at present, such as the unclear mechanisms of key bioactive components [e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs), L-ornithine, and milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8)], and the targeting and stability of delivery systems need to be optimized. Future research should focus on the functional analysis of components in exosomes, optimization of delivery systems, and preclinical validation to promote their practical application in managing age-related muscle health.

Key words: milk-derived exosome, sarcopenia, natural nanocarrier

中图分类号:

R318

唐文静, 贾洁, 杨科峰, 毛绚霞, 宋芳芳. 乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2025, 45(8): 1046-1052.

TANG Wenjing, JIA Jie, YANG Kefeng, MAO Xuanxia, SONG Fangfang. Research progress on milk-derived exosomes in sarcopenia[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2025, 45(8): 1046-1052.

图/表 2

图1 乳源外泌体的结构

Fig 1 Structure of milk-derived exosomes

图2 乳源外泌体促进肌肉健康的潜在机制示意Note： TCA—tricarboxylic acid; SA—succinic acid; L-Cys—L-cysteine; L-Orn—L-ornithine; ATP—adenosine triphosphate; GSH—glutathione; Akt—protein kinase B; mTORC1—mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; p70S6K—70 000 Da ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SIRT1—silent information regulator 1; PGC-1α—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α; p38 MAPK—p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Fig 2 Schematic diagram of potential mechanisms by which milk-derived exosomes promote muscle health

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乳源外泌体在肌肉衰减综合征中的研究进展

Research progress on milk-derived exosomes in sarcopenia

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