趋化因子CCL20在自发性早产中的表达研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的·分析C-C基序趋化因子配体20（C-C motif chemokine ligand 20，CCL20）在自发性早产（spontaneous preterm birth，S-PTB）产妇外周血、脐带血及胎盘母体面组织中的表达，探索趋化因子CCL20在早产中的潜在作用。方法·采用酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测2020年10月—2022年2月于上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院收集的20例自发性早产分娩产妇（S-PTB组）与20例正常足月分娩产妇（Term组）外周血及新生儿脐带血血浆中CCL20蛋白的表达，并采用Pearson法分析产妇外周血和新生儿脐带血血浆中CCL20表达水平与分娩孕周的相关性。蛋白质印迹法和免疫组织化学法检测CCL20蛋白在胎盘母体面组织中的表达情况。同时蛋白质印迹法检测胎盘组织中总核因子κB（nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB）和磷酸化NF-κB蛋白水平。结果·不同孕周分娩启动产妇中，CCL20蛋白在外周血血浆中的表达水平高于新生儿脐带血（P<0.001）。在S-PTB组，新生儿脐带血血浆中CCL20蛋白的表达水平高于Term组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。同时在新生儿脐带血血浆中，CCL20蛋白的表达水平与孕周呈线性负相关（R=-0.319，P<0.05）。蛋白质印迹法和免疫组织化学实验发现CCL20蛋白在S-PTB组的胎盘母体面中表达明显上升（P<0.05），同时S-PTB组胎盘组织中磷酸化NF-κB蛋白相对表达量高于Term组（P<0.05）。结论·趋化因子CCL20在S-PTB母胎界面中表达上调，CCL20可能通过激活NF-κB通路参与S-PTB发生。

关键词: 趋化因子, C-C基序趋化因子配体20（CCL20）, 自发性早产, 胎盘母体面, 母胎界面

Abstract:

Objective ·To analyze the expression levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) in peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental maternal surface of women with spontaneous preterm birth (S-PTB), and to explore the potential role of chemokine CCL20 in preterm labor. Methods ·The expression of CCL20 protein in plasma from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood of pregnant women with spontaneous preterm delivery (S-PTB group, n=20) and term delivery (Term group, n=20), collected at the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between October 2020 and February 2022, was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CCL20 expression levels in peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood plasma and gestational age. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CCL20 protein in the placental maternal surface tissues. Meanwhile, the levels of total nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated NF-κB proteins in placental tissues were detected by Western blotting. Results ·Among women at different gestational ages at delivery onset, the expression level of CCL20 protein in peripheral blood plasma was higher than that in umbilical cord blood plasma (P<0.001). In the S-PTB group, the level of CCL20 protein in the plasma of umbilical cord blood was higher than that in the Term group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the expression level of CCL20 in umbilical cord blood plasma was negatively correlated with gestational age (R=-0.319, P<0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CCL20 protein was significantly increased in the placental maternal surface tissues of the S-PTB group (P<0.05). The relative expression level of phosphorylated NF-κB protein in placenta tissues of the S-PTB group was higher than that of the Term group (P<0.05). Conclusion ·The expression of chemokine CCL20 is up regulated at the maternal-fetal interface in women with S-PTB, and CCL20 may be involved in the occurrence of S-PTB through activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Key words: chemokine, C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), spontaneous preterm birth, placental maternal surface, maternal-fetal interface

中图分类号:

R714.21

俞田田, 黄子暄, 李亚楠, 张源, 鲁丹阳, 曾维宏, 范建霞. 趋化因子CCL20在自发性早产中的表达研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 46(4): 427-433.

Yu Tiantian, Huang Zixuan, Li Yanan, Zhang Yuan, Lu Danyang, Zeng Weihong, Fan Jianxia. Expression of chemokine CCL20 in spontaneous preterm birth[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(4): 427-433.

图/表 7

表1 研究对象一般临床资料

Tab 1 General clinical characteristics of the study participants

Characteristic	Term group (n=20)	S-PTB group (n=20)	P value
Age/year	31.7±3.6	30.9±3.6	0.486
Height/cm	162.0±5.3	161.2±7.7	0.696
Prepregnant weight/kg	54.3±8.4	55.6±5.7	0.316
Prepregnant BMI/(kg·m^-2)	20.7±2.8	21.5±1.9	0.062
Gestational age/week	39.5±0.7	33.4±1.5	<0.001

图1 CCL20蛋白在分娩启动产妇外周血和新生儿脐带血血浆中的表达Note： A. Expression of CCL20 in maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood at different gestational ages at labor onset (n=40). B. Expression of CCL20 in maternal peripheral blood plasma in the Term group (n=20) and the S-PTB group (n=20). C. Expression of CCL20 in umbilical cord blood plasma in the Term group (n=20) and the S-PTB group (n=20). S-PTB—spontaneous preterm birth; PB—peripheral blood; CB—cord blood.

Fig 1 Expression of CCL20 protein in maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood plasma at labor onset

图2 外周血和脐带血血浆中CCL20蛋白的表达水平与分娩孕周之间的Pearson相关性分析Note： A. Correlation analysis between CCL20 levels in peripheral blood plasma and gestational age at delivery (n=40). B. Correlation analysis between CCL20 levels in umbilical cord blood plasma and gestational age at delivery (n=40). GA—gestational age; PB—peripheral blood; CB—cord blood.

Fig 2 Pearson correlation analysis of CCL20 expression levels in peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood plasma with gestational age at delivery

图3 趋化因子CCL20在Term组和S-PTB组患者胎盘组织中的表达Note： A. Representative immunoblots of CCL20 protein expression in placental tissues from the Term and S-PTB groups. B. Quantification of CCL20 protein expression in placental tissues from the Term (n=10) and S-PTB groups (n=10). S-PTB—spontaneous preterm birth.

Fig 3 Expression of chemokine CCL20 in placental tissues from the Term group and the S-PTB group

图4 胎盘组织母体面苏木精-伊红染色结果Note： A. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the maternal surface of term placental tissue. B. Higher magnification of cytotrophoblast cells and villous mesenchymal cells in Fig 4A. C. Higher magnification of decidual cells in Fig 4A.

Fig 4 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the maternal surface of placental tissue

图5 免疫组织化学染色显示S-PTB组与Term组胎盘组织中CCL20蛋白表达情况Note： A. Microscopic findings of CCL20 protein expression in placental tissues from the S-PTB group and the Term group. B/C. Dot plots of H-scores for CCL20 protein in chorionic villi (B) and decidual (C) tissues (n=10). S-PTB—spontaneous preterm birth.

Fig 5 Immunohistochemical staining of CCL20 protein in placental tissues from the Term group and the S-PTB group

图6 胎盘母体面磷酸化NF-κB和总NF-κB蛋白的表达Note： A. Representative immunoblots of p-NF-κB protein expression in placental tissues from the Term and S-PTB groups. B. Quantification of p-NF-κB protein expression in placental tissues from the Term (n=4) and S-PTB (n=4) groups. t-NF-κB—total NF-κB; S-PTB—spontaneous preterm birth.

Fig 6 Expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and total NF-κB proteins in the maternal surface of placental tissue

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