Abstract: Stem cell research starting in the 20th century has opened a magical door for clinical cell therapy. However, stem cell therapy has been only promoted in blood diseases up to now, while in other clinical fields, it still remains in the stage of slow development. One of the important restrictions is that the clinical application of stem cells usually need in vitro expansion, resulting in consequences such as the longtime-culture process, tendency to contaminate, high cost, and physical and chemical impact factors, and these could in a certain extent increase the risk both in pre- and post-treatment. As for the use of embryonic stem cells, it could be questioned by ethics for the harvest, the use of animal serum, and the non-diploid unstable cells that may appear after stem cell expansion in vitro. Then, some non-expansion technologies, such as the centrifugation technology, immunomagnetic beads technology, and stem cell screen-enrich-combine（-biomaterials） circulating system, have gradually been paid more attentions, and formed the new concept that are continuously developed. By these techniques, efficient therapeutic doses of stem cells could be obtained without culture in vitro, and the stem cells could be transplanted directly. These technologies have gradually shown good prospects in clinical application and promotion.

Key words: stem cell, non-expansion technology, cell therapy