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28 April 2011, Volume 31 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Original article (Basic research)
Original article (Clinical research)
Original article (Preventive medicine)
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Original article (Basic research)

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Effects of anti-PNAS-2 single chain antibody on apoptosis of human leukemic U937 cells XIAO Zhen-yu, CHEN Fang-yuan, WANG Hai-rong, et al 2011, 31 (4):  387.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.001 Abstract ( 2132 )   PDF (7667KB) ( 1263 )   Objective To observe specific binding ability of anti-PNAS-2 single chain antibody with PNAS-2 antigen and its effects on apoptosis of human leukemic U937 cells. Methods The pMIG-PNAS-2ScFv, anti-PNAS-2 single chain antibody expression vector, was transfected into U937 cell line by retroviral transfection method. Untransfected U937 cells and pMIG transfected with empty vector were used as controls. Transfection rate was measured by flow cytometry. Single chain antibody expression and ScFv-antigen specific binding were measured by laser confocal microscopy. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy. Expression of PNAS-2 and active caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results Anti-PNAS-2 single chain antibody coding sequence was successfully transfected into U937 cells and its expressed single chain antibody could bind to PNAS-2 antigen with a high specificity. Compared with the control cells, pMIG-PNAS-2ScFv cells had a higher apoptosis rate (P<0.05) and increase in active caspase-3 expression，but no difference was found in PNAS-2 expression. Conclusion Anti-PNAS-2 single chain antibody can specifically bind PNAS-2 antigen and induce apoptosis of U937 cells, which may be related to the inactivation of PNAS-2 after closure of the functional site. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different protein kinase C isoforms on vasodilation induced by propofol WEN Xiang-yu, WANG Li, CUI Yong-yao, et al 2011, 31 (4):  392.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.002 Abstract ( 1921 )   PDF (5475KB) ( 1336 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between propofol-induced vasodilation and different protein kinase C(PKC) isoforms. Methods Vascular rings of SD rats were randomly divided into endothelium-intact group (n=36) and endothelium-denuded group (n=36), and each group was divided into 6 subgroups: ①10 nmol/L Go6976+1×10-6 mol/L norepinephrine (NA)+ propofol group (n=6)；②10 μmol/L Rottlerin+1×10-6 mol/L NA+propofol group （n=6）；③ 2 μmol/L PKCε-Pseudo+1×10-6 mol/L NA+ propofol group （n=6）；④2 μmol/L PKCθ-Pseudo+1×10-6 mol/L NA+ propofol group（n=6）；⑤2 μmol/L PKCζ-Pseudo+1×10-6 mol/L NA+ propofol group （n=6）；⑥1×10-6 mol/L NA+ propofol group(control group, n=6). PKCα inhibitor Go6976, PKCδ inhibitor Rottlerin, PKCζ-Pseudo, PKCθ-Pseudo and PKCε-Pseudo were used to pretreat isolated thoracic aorta rings for 30 min. Then 1×10-6 mol/L NA evoked a steady maximal vasoconstriction, propofol was added in progressively increasing cumulative concentrations at a 15 min interval (1×10-6, 5×10-6, 1×10-5, 5×10-5 and 1×10-4 mol/L), and the changes of vascular tone were observed. Results In endothelium-intact group, compared with endothelium-intact group, Go6976, PKCε-Pseudo and PKCθ-Pseudo inhibited propofol-induced vasodilation （P<0.05). Rottlerin also inhibited propofol-induced vasodilation, and even reversed the effect (1×10-6 to 5×10-5 mol/L propofol)(P<0.05). In endothelium-denuded group, compared with endotheliumdenuded control group, Rottlerin, PKCθ-Pseudo and PKCε-Pseudo enhanced propofol-induced vasodilation (P<0.05), and Go6976 and PKCζ-Pseudo enhanced vasodilation induced by 1×10-5 to 1×10-4 mol/L propofol (P<0.05). Conclusion PKCα, PKCδ, PKCε and PKCθ involve in propofol-induced vasodilation in intact endothelium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mechanical stretching on expression of mucin5AC in airway epithelial cells and its mechanism of signaling pathway ZHONG Tian, Juliy M. Perelman, Victor P.Kolosov, et al 2011, 31 (4):  397.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.003 Abstract ( 2100 )   PDF (5099KB) ( 1319 )   Objective To investigate the effects of mechanical stretching on the expression of mucin(MUC)5AC in airway epithelial cells, and explore its mechanism of signaling pathway. Methods Mini-type multi-fuctional bio-impact machine was used to construct the model of mechanical stretching of airway epithelial cells. Three inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (JNK inhibitor, SP600125; p38 protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580; and ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126) were administered at the concentration of 30 μmol/L, respectively. Besides, control group without mechanical stretching and single mechanical stretching group were established. Free calcium concentrations in cells before and after mechanical stretching were determined by flow cytometry and observed by laser confocal microscopy. The expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results Mechanical stretching increased the concentration of free calcium and expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in cells （P<0.01). U0126 and SB203580 decreased the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein (P<0.01). Conclusion Mechanical ventilation could increase the expression of MUC5AC in airway endothelial cells, the mechanism of which may be concerned with the increase of calcium concentration and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Glucolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissues in lipoprotein lipase gene knockout mice JIN Jing, HU Yao-min, LI Sheng-xian, et al 2011, 31 (4):  401.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.004 Abstract ( 2706 )   PDF (5372KB) ( 2182 )   Objective To investigate the glucolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissues in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene knockout mice. Methods LPL gene knockout heterozygotic mice (LPL+/- group, n=8) and wild-type (WT) C57 mice (control group, n=8) were selected, and each group was subdivided into 16-week-old group(n=4) and 50-week-old group (n=4). Serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured, changes of plasma glucose were monitored by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), area under the curve of glucose (AUCg) and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated to evaluate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related markers (Bip, ATF4, ATF6 and CHOP) in subcutaneous adipose tissues and visceral adipose tissues was detected by Real-Time PCR. Results The serum levels of TG and FFA were significantly higher, and the serum level of FFA was significantly higher in 50-week-old LPL+/- group than those in 16-week-old LPL+/- group (P<0.05). It was revealed by IPGTT that 30 min and 60 min plasma glucose in IPGTT and AUCg in 50-week-old LPL+/- group were significantly higher than those in 50-week-old control group (P<0.05), and 15 min to 120 min plasma glucose in IPGTT and AUCg in 50-week-old LPL+/- group were significantly higher than those in 16-week-old LPL+/- group (P<0.05). HOMA-IR in 50-week-old LPL+/- group was significantly higher than that in 16-week-old LPL+/- group (P<0.05). The expression of Bip, ATF6, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissues in 50-week-old LPL+/- group was significantly higher than that in 50-week-old control group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in 16-week-old LPL+/- group (P<0.05). Conclusion There exist significant dyslipidemia, increased plasma glucose and insulin resistance in LPL+/- mice. The activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in subcutaneous adipose tissues may be related to insulin resistance in LPL+/- mice with hyperlipidemia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Separation of four stereoisomers of anisodamine and comparison of their anticholinergic activity SUN Kai, XIE Yi-fan, CUI Yong-yao, et al 2011, 31 (4):  406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.005 Abstract ( 2199 )   PDF (5636KB) ( 2055 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between stereoisomerism and pharmacological activity of anisodamine. Methods Two racemates of anisodamine （Ⅰand Ⅱ） were separated from synthetic anisodamine using MDS-5 column, and four stereoisomers of anisodamine were separated fromⅠ and Ⅱby high performance liquid chromatography using CHIRALPAK AD-H. The anticholinergic activities of four stereoisomers were compared by their inhibitory effects on carbachol-induced contractions of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle. Results The absolute configurations of four stereoisomers were assigned using 1H NMR chemical shifts and specific rotation values. The difference of anticholinergic activities was observed among the four isomers of anisodamine. The order of potency was （6S, 2-S）＞（6S, 2-R）＞（6R, 2-S）＞（6R, 2-R）. Conclusion (S) configuration at the tropane ring plays more important role in the anticholinergic activity of anisodamine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of lung tissue injury and expression of aquaporins after acute kidney injury in mice WANG Li-feng, ZHU Ming-li, WU Bei, et al 2011, 31 (4):  411.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.006 Abstract ( 2047 )   PDF (8732KB) ( 1126 )   Objective To investigate the characteristics of lung tissue injury and expression of aquaporins(AQP) after acute kidney injury in mice. Methods Seventy-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=25) and acute kidney injury group (n=50), and acute kidney injury models were established in acute kidney injury group by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R group, n=25) and bilateral nephrectomy (BNx group, n=25). Mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were collected 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by light microscopy with HE staining, leukocyte infiltration was counted, ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight (W/D) was calculated, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues, alveolar hemorrhage and interstitial edema developed 2 h and 4 h after model establishment in I/R group and BNx group, respectively. The numbers of leukocytes in lung tissues 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment in BNx group and 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment in I/R group were significantly larger than those in sham operation group (P<0.05). W/D in BNx group and I/R group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment (P<0.05). The expression of AQP-1 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in BNx group and I/R group was not significantly different from that in sham operation group at each time point (P>0.05). The expression of AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in BNx group was significantly lower than that in sham operation group at the time points of 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05), and the expression of AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in I/R group was significantly lower than that in sham operation group at the time points of 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05). Conclusion Lung edema is the typical characteristics of acute lung injury after acute kidney injury, which may be related to the inflammatory reaction and expression of AQP-5. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis by arrest of MML-1 cells in G1 phase LI Yu-feng, SHEN Jia, WU Wei-lan, et al 2011, 31 (4):  417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.007 Abstract ( 2065 )   PDF (4639KB) ( 1278 )   Objective To investigate the mechanism of Fas-mediated apoptosis of MML-1 cells inhibited in G1 phase by PMA. Methods MML-1 cells were pretreated by 10 nmol/L PMA for 24 h, and the apoptosis rates of MML-1 cells induced by 50 ng/mL anti-Fas antibody were detected by flow cytometry before and after cell cycle arrest by PMA. The expression of active caspase-3/8 in anti-Fas antibody-induced MML-1 cells was detected by PI-Triton X and active caspase-3/8 double staining and Western blotting before and after PMA treatment. The expression of apoptosis related protein of caspase-3/8, Bcl-2, FLIP and Akt in cells of G1 phase was detected by Western blotting. Results Twenty-four hours after treatment of MML-1 cells by PMA, the percentage of cells in G1 phase significantly increased (93.77%). Before PMA treatment, the apoptosis rate of MML-1 cells was 56% after Fas-mediated apoptosis for 6 h. Whereas after PMA treatment, the apoptosis rate of MML-1 cells was 14% after Fas-mediated apoptosis for 6 h. It was revealed by flow cytometry and Western blotting that the expression of active caspase-3/8 was significantly inhibited after PMA treatment. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in cells of G1 phase. Conclusion Fas-mediated apoptosis would be inhibited in MML-1 cells arrested in G1 phase, which might be related to the up-regulation of Bcl-2 in G1 phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study of exenatide-induced pancreatic tissue injury in rats TANG Hua-yong, YU Xiao, YANG Yong-chao, et al 2011, 31 (4):  421.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.008 Abstract ( 2152 )   PDF (6217KB) ( 9721 )   Objective To investigate the pancreatic tissue injury induced by exenatide in rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into exenatide-induced group and blank control group, with 15 rats in each group. Rats in exenatide-induced group were subcutaneously injected with exenatide at the dose of 5 μg/kg twice a day for 10 weeks, and those in blank control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. Rats were then sacrificed, blood samples were obtained from inferior vena, and pancreatic tissues were harvested. Serum levels of amylase, lipase, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and contents of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in pancreatic tissues were measured by ELISA, pancreatic wet/dry ratios were calculated, HE staining and histopathological scoring of pancreatic tissues were performed, and microstructure of pancreatic tissues were observed by electron microscopy. Results There was no significant difference in serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α between two groups （P>0.05）. The content of MOP in exenatide-induced group was significantly higher than that in blank control group [（0.24±0.07）U/L vs （0.18±0.05）U/L]（P<0.05）, and the pancreatic wet /dry ratio in exenatide-induced group was significantly lower than that in blank control group (0.183±0.049 vs 0.256±0.064) （P<0.05）. HE staining demonstrated that there were 5 pancreatic tissue samples with chronic inflammation in exenatide-induced group, while there were no chronic inflammatory changes in blank control group. Histopathological scoring of pancreatic tissues revealed that except for the parameter of gland atrophy, there were significant differences in the parameters of lesion area, fibrosis, inflammation and edema between two groups （P<0.05）. It was observed by electronic microscopy that there were karyopyknosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, wide intercellular gap and infiltration of inflammatory cells for pancreatic acinar cells in exenatide-induced group, while there was no obvious abnormality in blank control group. Conclusion Long-term administration of exenatide may lead to chronic pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic tissue injury in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of simvastatin on ventricular electrical remodeling and ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with myocardial infarction LI Shuai, LI Jing-bo, ZHU Wei, et al 2011, 31 (4):  425.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.009 Abstract ( 2205 )   PDF (5224KB) ( 1531 )   Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on ventricular electrical remodeling and ventricular fibrillation threshold after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods MI was induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary arteries in rats, and the rats survived were randomized to MI group (n=8), medium dose simvastatin group (M-SIM group, n=8) and high dose simvastatin group (H-SIM group, n=8). Another eight rats were served as sham operation controls(sham group). Twenty-four hours after MI, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 simvastatin was dissolved in distilled water and given by gavage to M-SIM group and H-SIM group for 4 weeks, respectively. Isovolume distilled water was given by gavage to MI group and Sham group, respectively. Four weeks after MI, echocardiography was conducted, and in vivo electrophysiological examinations were performed. Results There was no significant difference in QTc intervals in each group before MI (P>0.05). Four weeks after operation, compared with Sham group, QTc intervals was significantly prolonged in MI group (P<0.05), effective refractory period (ERP) was shortened in MI group, resulting in downward shifting of ERP-frequency curves (P<0.05). The incidence of inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias (IVT) was higher in MI group (P<0.05), with lower threshold of ventricular fibrillation (P<0.05). In MI group, ERP was significantly prolonged at S1S1 intervals of90 ms and 80 ms compared with that at S1S1 interval of 120 ms (P<0.05). QTc intervals in M-SIM group and H-SIM group were significantly shorter than those in MI group (P<0.05), resulting in upward shifting of ERP-frequency curves, with no significant difference in ERP between S1S1 intervals （P>0.05）. The incidences of IVT in M-SIM group and H-SIM group were also significantly decreased, with significantly higher thresholds of ventricular fibrillation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in each parameter between M-SIM group and H-SIM group (P>0.05). Conclusion Simvastatin can prevent the occurrence of IVT and increase the threshold of ventricular fibrillation via the inhibition of electrical remodeling after MI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of transcription factor FoxO3a phosphorylation on |proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells SUN Yun, SHENG Jing, HU Ping, et al 2011, 31 (4):  429.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.010 Abstract ( 2034 )   PDF (6155KB) ( 1493 )   Objective To observe the effects of transcription factor FoxO3a phosphorylation on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells after common carotid artery balloon injury. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group C, n＝6) and balloon injury group (group S, n＝24), and the latter was subdivided into group S1 (6 h after surgery, n＝6), group S2 (12 h after surgery, n＝6), group S3 (24 h after surgery, n＝6) and group S4 (72 h after surgery, n＝6). Left common carotid artery balloon injury was performed in rats of group S, the injured arteries were harvested to culture the vascular smooth muscle cells, the expression of FoxO3a mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, the expression of FoxO3a protein was detected by western blotting, and the cell proliferation was determined by MTT. Results Compared with group C, group S2, group S3 and group S4, the expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a protein in vascular smooth muscle cells in group S1 increased significantly after vascular injury (P<0.01). Compared with group C, the cell proliferation in group S1 increased significantly 2 d, 3 d, 4 d and 5 d after culture (P<0.01). Conclusion FoxO3a is quickly phosphorylated after vascular injury. The duration of phosphorylation may last for a short while, and may be associated with the significant increase of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. It is suggested that the phosphorylation of FoxO3a may play an important role in the repair of vascular injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of peritraumatic dissociative experiences and peritraumatic distress and their relationship SU Shan-shan, WANG Zhen, JIA Xiu-zhen, et al 2011, 31 (4):  434.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.011 Abstract ( 2195 )   PDF (5139KB) ( 1649 )   Objective To investigate peritraumatic dissociative experiences and peritraumatic distress after traumatic events, and explore the relationship between peritraumatic dissociative experiences and peritraumatic distress. Methods Peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire (PDEQ) and peritraumatic distress inventory（PDI） were employed to evaluate peritraumatic dissociative experiences and peritraumatic distress, respectively in 60 people who had experienced traffic accidents, industrial accidents or incidents of violence. The gender distribution of different PDI/PDEQ scores was determined, and the relationship between peritraumatic dissociative experiences and peritraumatic distress was explored. Results The median PDI score and PDEQ score were 0.92 and 1.00, respectively, and PDEQ was significantly correlated with PDI （r=0.823, P＜0.001). Those without serious peritraumatic dissociative experiences maintained a low level of peritraumatic distress, and 71.43% and 28.57% of people with serious peritraumatic dissociative experiences had serious and medium peritraumatic distress, respectively. Conclusion Peritraumatic psychological health is an important issue, and it is necessary to conduct psychological evaluation with PDI and PDEQ within a week after traumatic events. Peritraumatic dissociative experiences tend to be caused by serious peritraumatic distress or may be an epiphenomenon of serous peritraumatic distress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of position of occlusal disturbance on condyle track during protrusive movement CHENG Hui-juan, CHEN Yu-qin, GENG Yi, et al 2011, 31 (4):  439.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.012 Abstract ( 2260 )   PDF (5260KB) ( 1380 )   Objective To observe the effect of position of occlusal disturbance on condyle track during protrusive movement. Methods Fifty volunteers were selected, and the condyle track along with the changing of occlusal disturbance position was recorded by Arcus DigMa three dimensional mandibular moving track analysis system. The relationship between occlusal disturbance position and condyle track on arrowy axis, vertical axis and horizontal axis was explored, and linear regression equations were established. Results Along with the retrusion of occlusal disturbance, the movement distance of contralateral condyle on vertical axis and horizontal axis tended to increase. The condyle track of both sides on horizontal axis during protrusive movement leaned to the ipsilateral side along with the retrusion of occlusal disturbance. The linear regression equation of contralateral condyle movement distance on arrowy axis along with the occlusal disturbance position was  =6.9116+0.04207x1-0.03025x2  δ=0.08519 （P<0.001）.  The linear regression equation of contralateral condyle movement distance on vertical axis along with the occlusal disturbance position was =4.2050+0.04607x1   δ=0.03579 (P<0.001). Conclusion The position of occlusal disturbance may influence the condyle track during protrusive movement. The condyle track of both sides may lean to the ipsilateral side of occlusal disturbance, and the condyle track of contralateral side of occlusal disturbance exhibits linear characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of feasibility of miniature implantable spinal cord stimulation system GUAN Hong-xin, ZHONG Jun, WANG Hui, et al 2011, 31 (4):  443.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.013 Abstract ( 1853 )   PDF (4797KB) ( 1671 )   Objective To investigate the feasibility of self-made miniature implantable spinal cord stimulation system in animal experiment. Methods Twenty healthy adult SD rats were selected. The spinal cord stimulation electrode was placed on the dorsal epidural C2 cervical spinal cord, and the battery and stimulation device were implanted under the skin. Neurological behavior scoring (BBB score) and inclined plane test were conducted before operation(0 h) and 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after operation, and the body weight was measured. The stimulation parameters (voltage, pulse width and frequency) were determined 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after operation. Results There was no significant difference in the stimulation parameters among the time points of 0 h, 12 h and 24 h (P>0.05), while there were significant differences between the time points of 0 h and 36 h (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the results of BBB score, inclined plane test and body weight measurement between the time points of 0 h and 12 h (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the time points of 0 h and 24 h and 36 h (P>0.05). There was no significant adverse effect in rats during the experiment. Conclusion The self-made miniature implantable spinal cord stimulation system is safe, and is suitable for animal experiments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between combined periodontal-endodontic lesions and common periodontal pathogen infection ZHANG Ming-zhu, XU Jie, PENG Yi, et al 2011, 31 (4):  447.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.014 Abstract ( 2159 )   PDF (4502KB) ( 1833 )   Objective To investigate the prevalences of common suspected pathogens in root canals from combined periodontalendodontic lesions of periodontal origin. Methods Thirty teeth with periodontal-endodontic lesions of periodontal origin were collected (experiment group), and DNA was extracted from tissues in root canals by paper point after opening endodontic access and rinsing. Five healthy premolars extracted for orthodontics were served as negative controls. Two-step PCR was employed to detect the suspected pathogens, including periodontal suspected pathogens (T. forsythensis, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. denticola) and endodontic infection related microorganism (P. endodontalis). Results Target microorganism infection was detected in 13(43.3%) tissue samples in root canals in experiment group. There were 6(20.0%) samples with T. forsythensis infection, 5(17.0%) with P. intermedia infection, 4(13.0%) with P. gingivalis infection, 4(13.0%) with P. endodontalis infection and 1(3.0%) with F. nucleatum infection, while T. denticola was not detected in experiment group. Target microorganisms were not detected in all tissue samples in root canals in control group. Conclusion Periodontal suspected pathogen infection contributes to the majority of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions of periodontal origin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Renal injury in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis QIAN Ying, REN Hong, CHEN Xiao-nong, et al 2011, 31 (4):  451.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.015 Abstract ( 2314 )   PDF (4647KB) ( 1571 )   Objective To investigate the clinical features of renal involvement in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Methods The clinical data of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis confirmed from January 2003 to December 2008 were collected, and the incidence, severity and prognosis of renal injury were retrospectively analysed. Results Of the 146 patients confirmed with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, 107(73.29%) visited Department of Dermatology first, while only 4(2.74%) visited Department of Nephrology first. Thirty patients (20.5%) were found to suffer from various degrees of renal injury, which were characterized by single haematuria in 10 patients (33.33%), single proteinuria in 6 patients (20.00%), proteinuria complicated with haematuria in 13 patients (43.33%), hypertension in 7 patients (23.33%) and edema in 3 patients. In 10 patients with single haematuria, 7 had microscopic haematuria >+++. In 11 patients undergoing 24 h urinary protein measurement, 7 had urinary protein <1 g/d. Renal biopsy was performed in all the 4 patients who visited Department of Nephrology first, and it was revealed that two patients had segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1 patient had glomerular minor lesion, and the other patient had lupus nephritis. All patients were treated with immunosuppressant. One patient was cured, 23 patients did not deteriorate or got better, and the effective rate was 80.00%. Five patients died (multiple organ failure in 4 patients and lung cancer in 1 patient), and the mortality rate was 16.67%. Conclusion Renal injury in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis is rare, which is characterized by obvious microscopic haematuria, small amount of proteinuria, mild to moderate hypertension and mild renal function disorder, and patients may have favorable response to immunosuppressant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of hysterectomy and adnexectomy on reproductive hormones LING Wan-wen, LIU Jian-hua 2011, 31 (4):  455.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.016 Abstract ( 2215 )   PDF (3081KB) ( 1330 )   Objective To explore the effects of different patterns of hysterectomy and adnexectomy on reproductive hormones. Methods Sixty-five hospitalized patients aged from 40 to 45 years with benign gynecologic tumors and regular menstruation were divided into 3 groups according to different surgical procedures: group Ⅰ (n=22), subtotal hysterectomy; group Ⅱ (n=23), total hysterectomy; group Ⅲ (n=20), subtotal hysterectomy plus unilateral adnexectomy. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL) were detected 1 d before operation, and 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after operation. Results One week after operation, E2 levels of all groups were significantly lower than that of 1 d before operation (P<0.05). Then E2 levels increased gradually in all groups, and 1 year after operation, E2 levels in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were close to that of before operation, while E2 level in group Ⅲ was still significantly lower than that of before operation (P<0.05). The levels of FSH and LH of 3 months after operation were significantly higher than those of 1 d before operation and 1 week after operation in all groups (P<0.05). One year after operation, the levels of FSH and LH were significantly higher than those of before operation in all groups, and the levels of FSH and LH in group I and group II were significantly lower than those of 3 months after operation (P<0.05). One week after operation, the levels of PRL in all groups were significantly higher than those of before operation (P<0.05). Conclusion After hysterectomy with or without unilateral adnexectomy, the level of E2 may significantly decrease and that of PRL significantly increase in short term, which may recover gradually. The levels of FSH and LH may significantly increase 3 months after operation, and then decrease gradually. But in long term, the function of ovary can not recover to that of before operation, and the operations can cause premature ovarian failure. The tendency of ovarian failure is most significant after subtotal hysterectomy plus unilateral adnexectomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of quality intima-media thickness and high-resolution ultrasound in evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness in children JIN Ye, CHEN Ya-qing, TANG Qing-ya, et al 2011, 31 (4):  458.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.017 Abstract ( 2117 )   PDF (4701KB) ( 1521 )   Objective To compare the reliability of high-resolution ultrasound and quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) in evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in children. Methods Bilateral carotid IMT measurements were conducted in 32 children by two doctors of Department of Medical Ultrasound with QIMT and high-resolution ultrasound. Results The mean differences of carotid IMT of QIMT were -0.00 mm for the left and -0.01 mm for the right, and those of high-resolution ultrasound were -0.09 mm for the left and -0.11 mm for the right. The intra-class coefficients of highresolution ultrasound were 0.335 for the left and 0.415 for the right, and those of QIMT were 0.808 for the left and 0.875 for the right. Bland-Altman analysis indicated better interobserver reproducibility for QIMT. Conclusion Under standardized measurement conditions, QIMT may yield favourable interobserver reproducibility, and can measure carotid IMT accurately. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 300 cases of upper urinary tract calculi in children treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy JIA Jian-ye, ZHANG Tie-jun, WANG Li-ya, et al 2011, 31 (4):  462.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.018 Abstract ( 2329 )   PDF (4005KB) ( 1604 )   Objective To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children. Methods ESWL was employed to treat 300 cases of upper urinary tract calculi in children who aged from 7 months old to 10 years old. Among the 300 cases, 202 cases were renal calculi, and the other 98 cases were ureteral calculi. A second ESWL was performed for those with urinary obstruction or residual calculi 1 week to 3 months after first ESWL. The therapeutic effect was evaluated 3 months after first ESWL. Results Among the 202 case of renal calculi, 169(83.66%) were cured after first ESWL, 32(15.84%) were cured after a second ESWL, and one case failed and then received percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Among the 98 cases of ureteral calculi, 84(85.71%) were cured after first ESWL, 13(13.27%) were cured after a second ESWL, and one case failed and received laser lithotripsy. The overall cure rates of renal calculi and ureteral calculi 3 months after first ESWL were 94.55% and 98.98%, respectively, and no serious complications were observed. Conclusion ESWL may be a safe and effective treatment for upper urinary tract calculi in children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Scrotal ultrasonographic features of acquired obstructive azoospermia of proximal deferent duct YANG Li-ming, LU Hong, WANG Jun-mei, et al 2011, 31 (4):  466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.019 Abstract ( 2079 )   PDF (5683KB) ( 1815 )   Objective To investigate the scrotal ultrasonographic features of acquired obstructive azoospermia of proximal deferent duct. Methods Ninety-two cases of acquired obstructive azoospermia of proximal deferent duct (case group) were evaluated by scrotal ultrasonography. Among the 92 cases, 79 were epididymal post-infective obstructive azoospermia, the other 13 were vas deferens post-surgical obstructive azoospermia(one side was post-surgical, while the other was post-infective in 2 cases). The ultrasonographic features of testis, epididymis and scrotal segments of vas deferens were observed. Another 65 cases with normal semen were served as control group. Results There was no significant difference in testicular volume between case group and control group （P>0.05）. The ultrasonographic appearance was abnormal in 184 epididymis of all the 92 cases, and the epididymal head, body and tail were all significantly thicker than those of control group (P<0.05). The epididymal duct in the thickening of epididymis were ectatic, exhibiting microreticulate changes, with inner diameter of 0.03 cm. Thirty-nine (24.4%) post-infective obstructive epididymis presented high echo inflammatory nodules. The mean inner diameter of scrotal segments of vas deferens of 159 sides （99.4%）in 160 epididymal post-infective obstructive azoospermia was similar to that of the control group. The vas deferens of the proximal surgery side were all expanded in 24 vas deferens post-surgical obstructive azoospermia. Conclusion Because of different location of obstruction and causes in acquired obstructive azoospermia of proximal deferent duct, there are different features of the epididymis and vas deferens of the ultrasonographic appearance, and scrotal ultrasonography can provide credible sonogram evidence for the diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perioperative management of right-sided infective endocarditis ZHOU Li-jin, MAO Jian-qiang, YU Min, et al 2011, 31 (4):  470.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.020 Abstract ( 2035 )   PDF (3464KB) ( 1418 )   Objective To summarize the experience in perioperative management of right-sided infective endocarditis. Methods The clinical data of 16 patients undergoing surgical treatment for right-sided heart infective endocarditis were retrospectively analysed. Blood culture and drug susceptibility tests were performed, and intracardiac vegetations were revealed by transthoracic echocardiography in all patients before surgery. Foci of infection and vegetations were removed by surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, congenital heart diseases were corrected, damaged valves were reconstructed or replaced, and bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests of resected vegetations were performed. Results A total of 30 times of blood culture were conducted, and the positive rate was 26.7%. There were positive findings in 4 patients in blood culture. In patients with negative results in blood culture, 5 patients had positive findings in bacterial culture of vegetations. The pathogens were Gram-positive Staphylococci in 6 patients, which were resistant to penicillin. Two patients had emergency surgery. Pleural effusion occurred in 5 patients after surgery, and 1 patient were performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to ventricular fibrillation. All patients were cured and discharged. Conclusion Most patients with right-sided infective endocarditis are complicated with basic heart diseases, the main pathogen is Grampositive Staphylococci, transthoracic echocardiography can help to confirm the diagnosis, and surgical treatment may yield favorable outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery YU Min, MAO Jian-qiang, SUN Ju-fang, et al 2011, 31 (4):  473.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.021 Abstract ( 2243 )   PDF (4349KB) ( 1655 )   Objective To observe the relationship between nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery, and investigate the efficacy of perioperative decolonization of nasopharynx with Anerdian Ⅲ. Methods Nasal bacterial cultures were performed by rubbing swabs at admission. Patients with SA colonization were randomly divided into decolonization group and control group. Patients in decolonization group were treated with Anerdian Ⅲ in nares, and those in control group were not. Nasal swabs were obtained and examined again on the third day after operation in both groups. The occurrence of postoperative nosocomial infection in all patients was observed, the relationship between nasal SA colonization and postoperative nosocomial infection was analysed, and the bacterial clearance rates and prevalences of postoperative nosocomial infection were compared between groups. Results A total of 363 patients were enrolled, and there was 37 patients (10.2%) with postoperative nosocomial infection. SA colonization rate at admission was 9.4%, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 12 patients (3.3%). The prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in patients with MRSA (41.7%) was significantly higher than those in patients with the other bacterial colonization (P<0.05). The bacterial clearance rate in decolonization group was significantly higher than that in control group (77.8% vs 50%, P<0.05). In patients with MSRA, the prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in decolonization group was lower than that in control group, while there was no statistical significance due to limited cases. Conclusion The prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in patients with nasal MRSA colonization may increase. Decolonization with Anerdian Ⅲ may decrease the prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in MRSA carrier. Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative staging of endometrial carcinoma of early stage ZHANG Ping, TANG Yun-qi, LI Wen-hua, et al 2011, 31 (4):  477.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.022 Abstract ( 2690 )   PDF (5954KB) ( 1743 )   Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative staging of endometrial carcinoma of early stage. Methods MRI (T1WI, T2WI, DWI and gadolinium-enhanced T1WI) examinations were performed before surgery in 144 patients with endometrial carcinoma of stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅱ confirmed pathologically, the signal intensity and enhancement feature of tumors, the appearance of junctional zone, and the depth of myometrial invasion and cervical invasion were observed, and preoperative staging was performed. The results of preoperative staging were compared with postoperative pathological findings. Results Compared with normal endometria, the tumors were usually isointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI, DWI and gadolinium-enhanced T1WI. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DWI in assessing deep myometrial invasion were 85.19%(23/27), 96.04%(97/101) and 91.60％(120/131), respectively. The accuracy of MRI in assessing cervical invasion was 92.31%. Conclusion MRI is accurate and reliable in evaluation of myometrial invasion and cervical invasion of endometrial carcinoma, and may be performed as a routine preoperative examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of gemeitabine plus carboplatin in treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer PAN Yi-hong, TAO Jun-zhen, LV Rong-wei, et al 2011, 31 (4):  481.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.023 Abstract ( 2234 )   PDF (3213KB) ( 1337 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of gemeitabine plus carboplatin in treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Gemeitabine (1 000 mg/m2) was intravenously administered to 76 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer on day 1 and day 8. Carboplatin was intravenously administered on day 1 with area under the concentration-time curve of 5. Each course of treatment lasted for 21 d. The efficacy was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors of World Health Organization and Ovarian Cancer Therapeutic Effect Criteria of International Society of Gynecologic Cancer, and adverse effects after chemotherapy were observed. Results Among the 76 patients, complete remission was achieved in 21(27.63%), partial remission in 36(47.37%), stable disease in 13（17.11%） and progression disease in 6（7.89%）. The overall response rate was 75.0%(57/76). The mean progression-free survival was 4.1 months (2 to 10 months). Eight days after chemotherapy, the prevalences of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and gastrointestinal adverse effects were 84.21%, 78.95%, 26.32% and 86.84%, respectively, and the prevalence of each of the other adverse effects was less than 20%. No death occurred. Conclusion Gemeitabine plus carboplatin is an effective regimen for treatment of recurrent recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, with favorable therapeutic effects, high safety and tolerable adverse effects. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Preventive medicine)

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Analysis of development and control of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in urban residents DONG Bin, ZHOU Ying-xia, ZHAO Lie-bin, et al 2011, 31 (4):  484.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.024 Abstract ( 1948 )   PDF (4151KB) ( 1352 )   Objective To investigate the development and control of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Shanghai urban residents, and explore its correlation with intensity of physical activity (occupation and exercise). Methods The residents of 3 communities in Luwan District of Shanghai were randomly selected and surveyed with questionnaires, which included the conditions of chronic diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus) and intensity of physical activity. Physical examinations, blood pressure measurement and blood biochemical indicator detection were conducted, and chronic disease related parameters were determined. The relationship between the development and control of chronic diseases and physical activity was analysed. Results A total of 10 002 residents were involved in the study, among whom the prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus was 37.7%. Those who were employed in the latest year accounted for 15%. The mean body mass index, serum total cholesterol and serum low density lipoprotein were not under control. Investigation and analysis in occupational intensity revealed that the prevalence of chronic disease in the employed with low physical intensity was 2.67 times of that in the employed with medium or high physical intensity, and the blood pressure, fast blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein of the employed were significantly lower than those of the unemployed in patients with chronic diseases (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Investigation and analysis of exercise intensity indicated that the majority of patients with coronary heart disease took part in exercises of low intensity, and a higher percent of patients with diabetes mellitus participated in exercises of medium intensity. Conclusion Health education should be conducted in residents, and health related parameters should be controlled. Taking part in exercises of low and medium intensity may help to control the status of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Public health administration)

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Situation and intention analysis of continuing medical education in general practitioners of Shanghai XIE Qing-wen, CAO Xiao-hong, TANG Hong-mei 2011, 31 (4):  488.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.025 Abstract ( 2224 )   PDF (5314KB) ( 1501 )   Objective To investigate the situation, influencing factors and intention of continuing medical education in general practitioners of Shanghai. Methods A total of 252 general practitioners from 15 community health service centers in Luwan District, Jing-an District, Zhabei District, Hongkou District, Qingpu District and Jinshan District of Shanghai were selected. Self-designed questionnaires were adopted to investigate the situation, influencing factors and intention of continuing medical education in general practitioners. Results Among all the general practitioners, 16.3% had never taken part in continuing medical education, and the main causes derived from subjective factors (46.3%) and lack of requirement from post (41.5%). The professional title, working years and general practice training experience of general practitioners were significantly related to the participation rate of continuing medical education (P<0.05). The percent of choosing “Clinical Medicine” as continuing medical education training curriculum was 47.2%, and those choosing “Behavior and Sociology” and “Medical Ethics” accounted for 13.1% and 7.1%, respectively. Conclusion Continuing medical education may help general practitioners to improve medical skills, and the intention of continuing medical education should be enhanced in general practitioners. The supervision and management mechanism of continuing medical education should be established, and flexible training form and targeted educational programs should be provided. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Teaching administration)

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Problem-based learning in cardiology teaching for French medical class ZHANG An-di, ZHANG Yong 2011, 31 (4):  493.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.026 Abstract ( 1982 )   PDF (4523KB) ( 1495 )   Objective To explore the practice of problem-based learning (PBL) in clinical medicine teaching. Methods Forty students in French medical class were divided into 6 groups, and PBL teaching was implemented in each group. On the basis of traditional curriculum, PBL method was introduced to the teaching process in the chapter of “coronary heart disease”. One male case of unstable angina was selected, and teaching was conducted in the following five steps. ①Teachers stated the basic case information. ②Students were stimulated to discuss and solve problems collectively. ③Teachers presented resources available for more knowledge.④After extra-curricular learning, teachers helped students to apply new knowledge to explain and solve the problem of the original case. ⑤Teachers drew summarization of the case. Results PBL case teaching was successfully conducted. Conclusion PBL may stimulate the initiative of students, and the integrity and systematicness of discipline knowledge are maintained. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research progress of relationship between forkhead transcription factor Foxa2 and glucose and lipid metabolism and diabetes mellitus LU Ming, LIU Li-mei 2011, 31 (4):  497.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.027 Abstract ( 2269 )   PDF (4275KB) ( 1769 )   Forkhead transcription factor Foxa2 is an important transcription factor regulating pancreatic development and glucose and lipid metabolism. As a downstream target of insulin signaling, constitutive activation of Foxa2 in the brain results in increased food consumption, metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Foxa2 regulates gene expression involved in glucose and lipid metabolism pathway, improves insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, and has been recognized as a novel transcription factor of insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylation of the protein results in Foxa2's inactivation by its localization changing from nuclei to cytosol. The research progress of relationship between Foxa2 and glucose and lipid metabolism and diabetes mellitus is reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of BMP-7 induced mesenchymal to epithelial transition in organ fibrosis CHEN Li-li, GUO Can-jie, CHEN Yuan-wen, et al 2011, 31 (4):  501.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.028 Abstract ( 1629 )   PDF (4300KB) ( 1580 )   Fibrosis is a common result of chronic injury in many organs. Studies have revealed that epithelial to mesenchymal transition might be the underlying mechanism of fibrotic disorder. Transforming growth factor-β1 has been suggested to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition and promote organ fibrosis. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein-7 can block the effect of transforming growth factor-β and induce mesenchymal to epithelial transition which may be helpful to improve organ fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 remains unclear. Further studies are of great significance and may provide new therapeutic strategies for organ fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical value and research advances of serum tumor markers in gastric cancer GE Qin-yi, HU Mei-jie 2011, 31 (4):  505.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.029 Abstract ( 2436 )   PDF (5302KB) ( 1454 )   Gastric carcinogenesis is one of the most commonly occurring malignant neoplasms in China, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving the quality of life and reducing mortality rates for patients with gastric cancer. Serumbased detection methods allow for a standardized and non-invasive approach to monitoring progression of gastric cancer. We therefore summarize four serum-based biomarkers (E-cadherin, Runx3, hGC-1 and 3 subtypes of VEGF family) for gastric cancer, categorized into groups of genes and proteins, and evaluate their individual values in detecting gastric cancer, surveillance and evaluating prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 deficiency in ectopic endometrium LI Di-you, ZHANG Ping 2011, 31 (4):  510.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.030 Abstract ( 2026 )   PDF (4188KB) ( 1656 )   The apoptosis of normal endometrium is affected by estrogen. The biological activity of estrogen is mainly adjusted by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (17β-HSD2), whose activity and quantity are dependent on progesterone that works in combination with its receptors. However, 17β-HSD2 is decreased in the ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. This review is to introduce the paths how 17β-HSD2 inactivates estradiol and adjusts the growth of endometrium, and the relationship between the expression of 17β-HSD2 and the formation, gene, isoforms and function of progesterone and progesterone receptor, based on which the significance of 17β-HSD2 in the genesis, development, treatment and prognosis of endometriosis is discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of epilepsy on fertility rate of women SAI Fang-fang, MIAO Ling 2011, 31 (4):  513.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.031 Abstract ( 1919 )   PDF (4373KB) ( 1427 )   With the development of medical standards and living conditions in recent years, the reproductive and parenting issues for women with epilepsy have been attracting more and more attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand different influencing factors on fertility rate and explore new preventive and therapeutic measures for improving fertility rate and quality of life. On basis of literature review, the influencing factors on fertility rate of women with epilepsy were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

Brief original article

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Diagnosis and treatment of 12 children with hepatoblastoma SHENG Qi, YUAN Xiao-jun, ZHANG Qin, et al 2011, 31 (4):  517.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.032 Abstract ( 2336 )   PDF (2844KB) ( 1519 )   Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatoblastoma in children. Methods The diagnosis, treatment and long-term follow-up of 12 children with hepatoblastoma during January 2007 and February 2010 were analysed. Results According to International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Pretest staging system, there was 1 case of stage Ⅱ, 1 case of stage Ⅲ and 10 cases of stage Ⅳ.  All the 12 cases were treated with both chemotherapy and surgery. Both the case of stage Ⅱ and case of stage Ⅲ survived. Among the 10 cases of stage Ⅳ, 8 survived, 1 died of brain metastasis after drug withdrawl, and the other died due to no response to treatment. Conclusion Radical resection of tumor plays a key role in the treatment of hepatoblastoma in children. Chemotherapy is of great significance in the implementation of radical operation and prevention of tumor recurrence. Related Articles | Metrics

Technique and method

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Improvement of method for separating and culturing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes PANG Yong-jun, SUN Li, XIE Wen-juan, et al 2011, 31 (4):  520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.033 Abstract ( 2599 )   PDF (5317KB) ( 1536 )   Objective To culture neonatal rat ventricular myocytes after enzyme digestion, explore method to obtain myocardial cells with high survival rate and high purity, and offer cell model for physiological and pharmacological study. Methods Neonatal rat ventricular tissues were digested by trypsinase and collagenaseⅠ, the digestion time and temperature were controlled. Myocardial cells were purified by adherence separation method and chemical inhibition method, and were cultured in vitro. Morphocytology changes were observed by fluorescence microscopy, troponinⅠ was determined by flow cytometry, and free Ca2+  in cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes was detected with Fluo-3/AM. Results Cardiomyocytes began to adhere and grow after 4 h, few individual cells began to beat spontaneously after 24 h, and cardiomyocytes got together and beat synchronously in clusters gradually, with the cellular shape and structure being intact. The positive rate of troponinⅠ was 91%, Ca2+ staning was positive in cytoplasm of all cardiomyocytes, and periodic variation was detected along with cell pulsation. Conclusion A large number of vigorous cardiomyocytes with high purity can be obtained by enzyme digestion method, which may provide favourable model for cardiovascular research. Related Articles | Metrics

Case report

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One case report and literature review of primary pulmonary candidiasis CAI Xiao-ting, SHI Guo-chao, NI Lei 2011, 31 (4):  524.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.04.034 Abstract ( 1921 )   PDF (4912KB) ( 2579 )   Primary pulmonary candidiasis is rarely occurred, and is easy to be misdiagnosed due to unspecific clinical manifestations and imaging findings. To improve the awareness of primary pulmonary candidiasis and reduce the misdiagnosis of the disease, this paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of the disease on the basis of a case, and focuses on the contribution of serum test in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infections, the imaging findings of the disease and the possibility that Herxheimer reaction occurs in the course of treatment. Related Articles | Metrics