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28 January 2012, Volume 32 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Original article (Basic research)

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Renal protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis on 5/6 nephrectomy-induced renal fibrosis in rats GUO Shan-mai, ZHONG Fang, ZHOU Qiao, et al 2012, 32 (1):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.001 Abstract ( 1603 )   PDF (17623KB) ( 1330 )   Objective To establish the rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal disease, and investigate the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis on renal fibrosis. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (SO group), 5/6 nephrectomy group (OP group) and5/6 nephrectomy + Cordyceps sinensis treatment group (CS group), with 16 rats in each group. Blood and urine samples were collected 4 weeks and 8 weeks after nephrectomy, and rats were sacrificed for renal tissue samples. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin (Alb) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured, pathological changes and ultrastructure changes of renal tissues were observed, the expression of extracellular matrix fibronectin (FN), collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ), fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA mRNA in renal tissues was determined by RT-PCR. Results Compared with SO group, significant pathological changes were observed in OP group 4 weeks after surgery, which were characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, more deposition of extracellular matrix, podocyte foot process effacement, mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization, distorted cristae and autophagosome formation, and these changes were more significant 8 weeks after surgery. Compared with SO group, SCr, BUN and UACR were significantly higher, Alb was significantly lower, the expression of FSP-1, FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA protein and FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA mRNA in renal tissues was significantly higher in OP group 4 weeks after surgery, and these differences were more significant 8 weeks after surgery. Compared with OP group, the pathological changes of renal tissues obviously lessened, mitochondrial damage significantly alleviated, UACR significantly decreased, Alb significantly increased, and the expression of FSP-1, FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA protein and FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA  mRNA in renal tissues significantly decreased in CS group 8 weeks after surgery. Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis ameliorates 5/6 nephrectomy-induced renal fibrosis of rats by relieving mitochondrial damage and reducing deposition of ECM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Responsive ability of rats with type 2 diabetes under acute inflammatory state HAN Ting-ting, SU Budegerile, HU Yao-min, et al 2012, 32 (1):  9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.002 Abstract ( 1776 )   PDF (5716KB) ( 1217 )   Objective To investigate the differences of responsive ability and blood glucose between rats with type 2 diabetes and normal rats under acute inflammatory state. Methods GK rats with type 2 diabetes and Wistar rats (normal controls) were selected, and critical ill models of sepsis were established by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Before and after LPS injection, the general state was observed, serum mass concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were measured, and blood glucose fluctuation was monitored in Wistar rats and GK rats. Results After LPS injection, the general state of Wistar rats was poor, and symptoms such as reduced activity, drowsiness, hair erection and severe diarrhea emerged. However, GK rats stayed in good condition, and did not bear the above symptoms. Before LPS injection, the concentration of blood glucose of GK rats was significantly higher than that of Wistar rats. After LPS injection, the concentrations of blood glucose of Wistar rats and GK rats significantly increased, the range of blood glucose fluctuation of GK rats was smaller than that of Wistar rats, while there was no significant difference in the peak concentration of blood glucose between GK rats and Wistar rats. Before LPS injection, serum mass concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 of GK rats were significantly higher than those of Wistar rats （P<0.01）. The serum mass concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 after LPS injection were significantly higher than those before LPS injection in GK rats and Wistar rats （P<0.01）, and the mass concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in Wistar rats were significantly higher than those in GK rats after LPS injection （P<0.01）. Conclusion The tolerance to acute inflammation of rats with type 2 diabetes is higher than that of normal rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of erythropoietin on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine receptor kinase B after brain injury in mice of different developmental stages JIN Bao, ZHANG Yu-cai, CUI Yun 2012, 32 (1):  14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.003 Abstract ( 1761 )   PDF (8964KB) ( 1457 )   Objective To investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB）mRNA and protein after brain injury induced by ibotenic acid (Ibo) in mice of different developmental stages. Methods One hundred and twenty KM mice aged 7 d (n=40), 21 d (n=40) and 42 d (n=40) were selected, and those of the same age were randomly divided into Ibo group (n=15), Ibo+EPO group (n=15) and control group (n=10), respectively. In Ibo group, 1 μL Ibo was injected into left hippocampus. In Ibo+EPO group, intraperitoneal injection of 5 000 U/（kg·d）EPO was performed for 5 consecutive days after injection of 1 μL Ibo into left hippocampus. Mice in control group were treated with same amount of normal saline. Y-maze tests were carried out 5 d after model establishment in each group, the pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus were observed with Cresyl Violet staining, the expression of BDNF mRNA and TrkB mRNA in hippocampus was detected by Real-Time PCR, and the expression of BDNF protein and TrkB protein was determined by ELISA. Results After operation, the percentage of mice entering safe arm in Ibo group was significantly lower than that in control group （P<0.05）, while the percentage of mice entering safe arm in EPO+Ibo group was significantly higher than that in Ibo group (P<0.05). Light microscopy revealed that degeneration and cell death of neurons in hippocampus occurred in  Ibo group, and the death rates of neurons in hippocampus in Ibo+EPO group and Ibo group were significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. However, the pathological changes of Ibo+EPO group were more moderate. The expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein in Ibo group and Ibo+EPO group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05）, and the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein in Ibo+EPO group was significantly higher than that in Ibo group (P<0.05）. Conclusion The expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein is significantly up-regulated in hippocampus of mice with Ibo-induced brain injury, which may be a protective reaction. EPO mitigates brain injury induced by Ibo, the mechanism of which may be related to the up-regulation of expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of aseptic inflammation by gene silencing of tumor necrosis factor-α PENG Xiao-chun, CHENG Tao, ZHAO Song, et al 2012, 32 (1):  21.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.004 Abstract ( 1789 )   PDF (7665KB) ( 1198 )   Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of local application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on wear debris-induced aseptic inflammation. Methods Recombinant lentivirus vector was constructed, and a siRNA targeting TNF-α and a missense siRNA were designed. Air pouches were established and stimulated by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles for aseptic inflammation. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 12 mice in each group, and TNF-α siRNA (TNF-α group), missense siRNA (MS group) and PBS (control group) were locally injected into pouches respectively. Mice in each group were sacrificed on the 14th day and 28th day after lentivirus transfection, with 6 rats on each day, and pouch homogenates were obtained. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in pouches was detected by Real-Time PCR, the content of TNF-α protein was determined by ELISA, the thickness of pouch membrane was measured by histological analysis, inflammatory cell counting was performed, and intensity and distribution of green fluorescent protein (GFP) were quantitatively analysed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Results The transfection of lentivirus-mediated TNF-α siRNA in vivo significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA and the content of TNF-α protein in TNF-α group (P<0.01). Histological analysis revealed less inflammatory responses (thinner pouch membrane and decreased cellular infiltration) in TNF-α group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In vivo bioluminescence imaging indicated the expression of GFP in pouches was locally restrained, and the fluorescence quantity in TNF-α group and MS group was about 5 times higher that in control group. Conclusion Local application of TNF-α siRNA may effectively inhibit wear debris-induced aseptic inflammation, with no systemic adverse effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of tropane compounds and their antagonistic activity and tissue selectivity to trachea of rats LIU Hui-zhong, OU Mei-xian, YAN Zhong-hong, et al 2012, 32 (1):  27.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.005 Abstract ( 1757 )   PDF (5147KB) ( 1440 )   Objective To synthesize a series of tropane derivatives, and investigate their antagonistic activity and tissue selectivity (trachea/heart) to trachea of rats. Methods A series of 3α-acyloxy-6β-acetoxy tropanes were prepared by acetylating 3α-hydroxy-6β-acetoxy tropane (A0). The antagonistic activities of compounds to muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors on isolated heart and trachea of rats were tested by functional assays respectively. Results Eight tropane compounds were prepared. A1-A4 elicited obvious antagonistic activity to heart and trachea, while A5-A8 had no muscarinic antagonistic activity to heart and trachea. A1 had the highest antagonistic parameter (pA2=7.32) to trachea and higher tissue selectivity (trachea/heart)(ΔpA2=1.51).  Conclusion The antagonistic activity and tissue selectivity (trachea/heart) of compounds to trachea of rats may be improved by decreasing the volume of substituting group connected with phenyl in C-3α position of tropane skeleton or increasing the π-electron density of phenyl ring. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of aquaporin 1 in myocardial tissues of sheep after cardiopulmonary bypass and its relationship with myocardial edema YAN Yu-mei, DING Fang-bao, MEI Ju, et al 2012, 32 (1):  32.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.006 Abstract ( 1693 )   PDF (5913KB) ( 1355 )   Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in myocardial tissues of sheep after cardiopulmonary bypass and its relationship with myocardial edema. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult sheep were randomly divided into normal control group (n=6) and cardiopulmonary bypass group (n=18), and animal samples were obtained at 6 time points (2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h) after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiopulmonary group, with 3 sheep at each time point. Real-Time PCR, Western blotting, ELISA and dry/wet method were employed to determine the expression of AQP1 in myocardial tissues of ventricles and severity of myocardial edema at different time points after cardiopulmonary bypass in two groups. Results There existed expression of AQP1 in myocardial tissues of ventricles of sheep in normal control group, and there was no significant difference between myocardial tissues of left ventricles and those of right ventricles (P>0.05). In cardiopulmonary bypass group, there were significant differences in the expression of AQP1 in myocardial tissues among different time points after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.05), and the expression tendency of AQP1 mRNA was in line with that of AQP1 protein. The expression of AQP1 mRNA and AQP1 protein in cardiopulmonary bypass group began to decrease after cardiopulmonary bypass, reached the minimum level 6 h after cardiopulmonary bypass, increased from then on, reached the peak level 48 h after cardiopulmonary bypass, and decreased after that time point. There were significant differences in the severity of myocardial edema among different time points after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.05). The severity of myocardial edema began to increase after cardiopulmonary bypass, reach the peak level 48 h after cardiopulmonary bypass, and began to decrease after that time point. The relative expression of AQP1 mRNA was positively related to that of AQP1 protein （r=0.971，P<0.05）, and AQP1 protein was positively related to the water content in myocardium （r=0.592，P<0.05）. Conclusion Cardiopulmonary bypass may influence the expression of AQP1 and severity of myocardial edema in sheep, and there is positive relationship between AQP1 protein and myocardial edema. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on extraction technology of carrot extract containing panaxynol YAN Zhong-hong, YANG Ruo-lin, NIU Yin-yao, et al 2012, 32 (1):  37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.007 Abstract ( 1594 )   PDF (6301KB) ( 1534 )   Objective To investigate and optimize the technology of extraction of panaxynol from carrot. Methods Using the concentration of panaxynol as indicator by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the factors that affected the extraction of panaxynol, including extracting parts and method were investigated respectively by single factor method. Based on the preliminary result, the orthogonal test was designed to optimize the extraction technology. Flow cytometry was employed to observe the effect of the optimized extract and panaxynol on leukemia cell line HL60 in vitro. Results The press residue was determined as the raw material of extraction. The optimum conditions were that the ratio of material to liquid (petroleum ether) was 1∶1, times of ultrasonic extraction were three, and the duration of extraction was 2 h. Significant apoptosis of HL60 cells was revealed by flow cytometry after treatment of the extract (40 μg/mL) and panaxynol (5 μmol/L) for 12 h, respectively. Conclusion The optimized extraction method is simple, convenient and reasonably practicable, with which the efficiency of extraction of panaxynol from carrot is increased significantly, and the extract has significant effects on growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion of HL60 cells in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cyclic stretching strain on cytoskeleton of human periodontal ligament cells MA Jia-yin, XU Chun, HAO Yi, et al 2012, 32 (1):  42.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.008 Abstract ( 1341 )   PDF (7447KB) ( 1042 )   Objective To investigate the effects of cyclic stretching strain on the cytoskeleton of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Methods HPDLCs were cultured in vitro, and were cyclicly stretched by the strain of 1%, 10% and 20% for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The morphology of cytoskeleton of HPDLCs was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and figures were collected for analysis with ImagePro Plus 4.5.0.29 software. The area of HPDLCs, ratio of length to width and  integrated fluorescence intensity of cytoskeleton protein F-actin were measured. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that with the increase of stretching strain and prolongation of action, HPDLCs gradually arranged in parallel and exhibited paliform, and the direction of arrangement was vertical to that of stretching strain, with prolonged cell body. Figure analysis demonstrated that the area of HPDLCs, ratio of length to width and expression of F-actin changed accordingly after cyclic stretching strain load. Conclusion Cyclic stretching strain may cause changes of cytoskeleton of HPDLCs, which may be related to the level of stretching strain and duration of action. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of glucose metabolism and tissue-targeted insulin sensitivity in two mouse models of hyperlipidemia BAI Jie-fei, ZHANG Yao, SU Budegerile, et al 2012, 32 (1):  48.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.009 Abstract ( 2195 )   PDF (5383KB) ( 1322 )   Objective To observe the change of glucose metabolism and tissue-targeted (liver and skeletal muscle) insulin sensitivity in mice with hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia. Methods Mice fed with normal diet (control group, n=8), lipoprotein lipase gene knockout heterozygous mice (LPL+/-) (hypertriglyceridemia group, n=8) and mice fed with high-fat diet (hypercholesterolemia group, n=8) were selected. Body weight of each group of mice was measured, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose and fasting insulin were detected, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated, and the change of phosphorylation of serine of Akt473 after insulin stimulation (relative expression of p-Aktser473) in liver and skeletal muscle tissues was determined by Western blotting. Results Serum TG in hypertriglyceridemia group was significantly higher than those in control group and hypercholesterolemia group (P<0.05), and serum TC in hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than those in control group and hypertriglyceridemia group (P<0.05). Blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were higher, and ISI was lower in hypertriglyceridemia group than in control group, while there was no significant difference in these parameters between two groups (P>0.05). Blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher, and ISI was significantly lower in hypercholesterolemia group than in control group and hypertriglyceridemia group (P<0.05). The relative expression of p-Aktser473 and times of increase in relative expression in liver and skeletal muscle tissues after insulin stimulation in hypertriglyceridemia group and hypercholesterolemia group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The increase in relative expression of p-Aktser473 in liver tissues in hypercholesterolemia group was significantly lower than that in hypertriglyceridemia group (P<0.05), and the relative expression of p-Aktser473 in skeletal muscle tissues after insulin stimulation in hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that in hypertriglyceridemia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mice with hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesteremia have impaired tissue-targeted insulin sensitivity, and those with hypercholesteremia fed with high-fat diet have more significantly impaired glucose metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro construction of tissue-engineered cardiac tissue sheet by small intestinal submucosa with bone mesenchymal stem cells HE Yan-zhong, WANG Zhen-yu, ZHENG Jing-hao, et al 2012, 32 (1):  53.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.010 Abstract ( 1720 )   PDF (9713KB) ( 1323 )   Objective To explore the feasibility of in vitro construction of tissue-engineered cardiac sheet by small intestinal submucosa (SIS) with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods BMSCs separated from rat bone marrow were induced by 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) for 3 weeks, and were seeded on the serosal side of acellular SIS scaffold. The tissue-engineered cardiac tissue sheet was established in vitro after co-culture in dynamic culture system for 2 weeks, and its properties were evaluated by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examinations. Results After co-culture for 2 weeks, HE staining revealed that the seeded cells were not restricted in the upper area of SIS, forming multiple uniform layers on SIS, and some cells penetrated and migrated into the porous matrix. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that BMSCs adhered, proliferated and migrated well on SIS, and secreted a large amount of extracellular matrix. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the cells on SIS were cardiomyocyte-like cells with the expression of α-actin, cTnⅠ and connexin-43. Conclusion The engineered cardiac tissue sheet has been successfully constructed by SIS with 5-Aza-induced BMSCs in vitro, and SIS is an ideal bio-scaffold material for cardiac tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological changes of skin and its relationship with wound healing in diabetic nude mice HUANG Xin, SHEN Xiang-qian, WU Shou-cheng, et al 2012, 32 (1):  59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.011 Abstract ( 2002 )   PDF (6055KB) ( 1542 )   Objective To observe the histological changes of skin and explore its relationship with wound healing in diabetic nude mice. Methods Diabetic nude mice models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg STZ. Full-thickness skin of 1.8 cm in diameter was obtained from the dorsum of normal control rats (n=20) and diabetic nude mice (n=20) 4 weeks after model establishment. HE staining was used to observe the histological changes of skin, and the thickness of dermis and epidermis was measured. Picrosirius red staining was employed to analyse the relative content of collagen in dermis. The cutaneous content of glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method. The wound closure rates were calculated 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after operation. Results The dermis and epidermis of diabetic nude mice were significantly thinner than those of normal controls (P<0.05), and the relative content of collagen in dermis of diabetic nude mice was significantly lower than that of normal controls (P<0.01). The concentration of blood glucose and cutaneous content of glucose of diabetic nude mice were significantly higher than those of normal controls (P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between cutaneous content of glucose and concentration of blood glucose (r=0.951, P＜0.01). The wound closure rates of diabetic nude mice 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after operation were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P<0.01). Conclusion There are significant histological changes of skin in diabetic nude mice induced by STZ, and these changes may be related to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which may lead to the impaired wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, identification and growth characteristics of Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical strains LI Yun-peng, LIU Da-li, SHU Rong, et al 2012, 32 (1):  64.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.012 Abstract ( 5552 )   PDF (6147KB) ( 2774 )   Objective To isolate and identify Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) from clinical subjects, and analyse the growth characteristics of P. gingivalis. Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects, and anaerobic culture was performed. P. gingivalis strains were identified by PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing, and detection rate was analysed. Bacteria colonies and growth characteristics of the clinical strains of P. gingivalis were observed, and the biological properties were analysed. Results Six P. gingivalis clinical strains named as L2, L3, L4, L5, L11 and L12 were isolated from 146 subgingival plaque samples collected from 35 subjects. The detection rate of P. gingivalis was 27.4% in subgingival plaque samples of periodontally healthy subjects, 86.7% in periodontally healthy sites of patients with chronic periodontitis, 95.6% in periodontal pockets with probing depth of 4-6 mm, and 96.0% in periodontal pockets with probing depth >6 mm. Strains L2, L5, L11 and L12 formed black colonies on BHI plates after culture for 1 week. Strains L3 and L4 formed grey colonies 1 week after culture for 1 week, and formed black colonies after culture for 10 d. Strains L2, L4, L5 and L12 grew to exponential phase 30 h after inoculation, whereas strains L3 and L11 grew to exponential phase 60 h after inoculation. Conclusion P. gingivalis is one of the dominant pathogenic bacteria in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. The detection rate of P. gingivalis in healthy sites of patients with chronic periodontitis is significantly higher than that of periodontally healthy subjects, and the detection rates of P. gingivalis are higher in deeper periodontal pockets. The growth characteristics of P. gingivalis clinical strains vary from each other, indicating that the biological and pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis may be strain-specific. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cardiac structure and function in senile patients with essential hypertension HU Jun, ZHU Fu, XIE Jun, et al 2012, 32 (1):  69.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.013 Abstract ( 1742 )   PDF (4078KB) ( 1243 )   Objective To investigate the effects of age and hypertension on cardiac structure and function in senile patients with essential hypertension. Methods One hundred and fifty hospitalized patients with essential hypertension were divided into senile hypertension group (n=84), senile non-hypertension group (n=18) and elderly hypertension group (n=48) according to age (senile, ≥80 years old; elderly, 60 to 80 years old) and conditions of hypertension. The baseline conditions were recorded, the blood biochemical parameters were measured, and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed. Cardiac ultrasonography was conducted, and parameters of cardiac structure and function were measured and calculated. The correlation of disease course of hypertension with cardiac structure and function was analysed. Results There were significant differences in mean age, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein between senile hypertension group and elderly hypertension group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The 24 h systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in senile hypertension group were significantly higher than those in senile non-hypertension group (P<0.01), and there were significant differences in left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index and left ventricular posterior wall thickness between these two groups (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in parameters of cardiac structure between senile hypertension group and elderly hypertension group (P>0.05). The parameters of cardiac function in senile hypertension group were significantly different from those in elderly hypertension group and senile non-hypertension group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the disease course of hypertension was positively related to the parameters of cardiac structure (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while was negatively related to the parameters of cardiac function (P<0.05). Conclusion In senile patients, hypertension may cause more serious left ventricular hypertrophy, increased cardiac mass and decreased cardiac systolic function. With the prolongation of disease course of hypertension, more severe left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial and ventricular enlargement occur, and even serious left ventricular systolic function takes place. Decreasing blood pressure stably in a rational range is advisable for senile patients with essential hypertension. Related Articles | Metrics

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Photoelastic analysis of stress distribution of complete dentures with lingualized occlusion (routine complete denture load) JIN Wen-zhong, JIAO Ting, PENG Yan, et al 2012, 32 (1):  73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.014 Abstract ( 2004 )   PDF (4251KB) ( 1428 )   Objective To investigate the stress distribution of supporting tissues in complete dentures with lingualized occlusion and anatomic occlusion under centric and lateral stress load. Methods Three-dimensional photoelastic experiment mothod was adopted, and photoelastic models of epoxy were fabricated according to the Cawood V edentulous model. Complete dentures with lingualized occlusion and anatomic occlusion were prepared respectively. After frozen under centric and lateral stress load, the stress distribution of supporting tissues was analysed and compared. Results Under centric and lateral stress load, lingualized occlusion conveyed more stress to lingual side than anatomic occlusion in routine complete dentures, and the occlusion stress in lingualized occlusion was better distributed. Conclusion For patients with severe absorbed alveolar ridge undergoing complete denture restoration, lingualized occlusion should be considered in first place to increase the stability of dentures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolic profiling research of primary liver tumor based on multiple discriminant analysis LI Fen, ZHAO Ai-hua, YANG Jing-lei, et al 2012, 32 (1):  77.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.015 Abstract ( 1779 )   PDF (5618KB) ( 1461 )   Objective To compare the diagnosis performance of discriminant analysis methods through application on clinical serum samples. Methods Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and logistic discriminant analysis (LogDA) were applied to metabolic profiling analysis deriving from clinical serum samples of 109 healthy controls, 87 patients with benign liver tumor and 31 patients with malignant liver tumor. The diagnosis performance of these three methods was compared in discrimination of healthy controls and patients with liver tumor(benign tumor and malignant tumor) and in discrimination of patients with benign tumor and those with malignant tumor. Results Based on current clinical metabolic profiling data, the effectiveness of all these three methods worked better in discrimination of healthy controls and patients with liver tumor than in discrimination of patients with benign tumor and those with malignant tumor. The overall performance of QDA was superior to LDA and LogDA, with the precision of 87.67% in discrimination of healthy controls and patients with liver tumor and the precision of 67.80% in discrimination of patients with benign tumor and those with malignant tumor. Conclusion QDA outperforms LDA and LogDA in processing primary liver tumor metabolic data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features and efficacy of 131I remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid carcinoma complicated with hyperthyroidism SHENG Shi-wei, LU Han-kui, CHEN Li-bo, et al 2012, 32 (1):  82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.016 Abstract ( 1876 )   PDF (4126KB) ( 1476 )   Objective To investigate the clinical features and efficacy of 131I remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid carcinoma complicated with hyperthyroidism. Methods The clinical data of 1 233 patients with DTC hospitalized between January 2000 and December 2009 were retrospectively analysed, among whom 13 had history of hyperthyroidism. Thyroxine tablets administration withdrew before admission, and iodine-free diet was carried out for 3 to 6 weeks. Before 131I treatment, serum thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid hormones (TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH）, blood routine, liver and renal function were examined, and the disease condition was evaluated by neck ultrasound. Four to 6 months after 131I treatment, all patients were followed up for the treatment efficacy. Results The positive rate of thyroid ultrasonography for DTC complicated with hyperthyroidism was 61.54% （8/13）, and those of thyroid scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy were 33.33% （2/6）and 75.00% (3/4) respectively. The total dose of 131I used for DTC complicated with hyperthyroidism was significantly lower than that for DTC （P<0.05）. Four to six months after 131I remnant ablation, 11of the 13 patients (84.26%) had successful ablation of residual thyroid tissues after first administration of 131I, which was significantly higher than that of patients with single DTC (55.90%). Conclusion Thyroid ultrasonography, thyroid scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy remain important means in examining patients with DTC complicated with hyperthyroidism. 131I treatment for ablation of residual thyroid tissues in patients with DTC complicated with hyperthyroidism may yield better efficacy than in patients with single DTC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of atrial fibrillation treated by radiofrequency ablation modified maze procedure ZENG Ying-ou, ZHANG Wei, YE Wei, et al 2012, 32 (1):  85.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.017 Abstract ( 1379 )   PDF (5219KB) ( 1599 )   Objective To investigate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation modified maze procedure during open-heart surgery for patients with atrial fibrillation, and analyse the factors influencing the efficacy. Methods One hundred and sixty-one patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiovascular surgery were treated on the basis of modified Cox's Maze Ⅲ. Twenty-seven patients with mild tricuspid valve disease were treated with simple left atrial ablation (single room ablation group), and 134 patients with moderate to severe tricuspid valve disease underwent double room ablation (double room ablation group). The success rate of ablation, postoperative complications, and impact factors for postoperative recovery of sinus rhythm were analysed in two groups. Results All patients were followed up for an average of (24.64±12.92) months after surgery. Electrocardiographic monitoring indicated that sinus rhythm was recovered in 69.57% of patients immediately after surgery, and 14.91% of patients had nodal rhythm. The percentages of patients with sinus rhythm were 75.78% and 81.37% at discharge and 6 months after operation respectively. The recovery rate of sinus rhythm in single room ablation group was 77.78%, and that in double room ablation group was 82.09%, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that cardiac function classification, ejection fraction after surgery, time of cardiopulmonary bypass and time of aortic cross-clamping were main factors affecting recovery of sinus rhythm (P<0.05). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation with mild tricuspid valve disease should be treated with simple left atrial ablation, atrial fibrillation with moderate to severe tricuspid valve disease should be managed with double atrial ablation, and both may yield similar outcomes. Cardiac function classification before surgery, ejection fraction after surgery, time of cardiopulmonary bypass and time of aortic cross-clamping are the main predictors for recovery of sinus rhythm after ablation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of age on neuromuscular block effect of cisatracurium ZHANG Xiao-yi, WANG Shan-juan, ZHANG Ma-zhong, et al 2012, 32 (1):  90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.018 Abstract ( 1472 )   PDF (3365KB) ( 1338 )   Objective To investigate the neuromuscular block effect of intravenous injection of two times of 95% effective dose (ED95) of cisatracurium in patients with different ages. Methods Sixty patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ were divided into children group (3 to 7 years old), youth group (18 to 65 years old) and elder group (≥ 65 years old), with 20 patients in each group. Cisatracurium of two times of ED95 was injected during anesthesia induction, neuromuscular block was monitored with TOF Watch acceleration instrument, and the time of neuromuscular block onset, duration of blockade maintenance, duration of clinical action, duration of in vivo action and neuromuscular block recovery index were obtained. Results There was no significant difference in trachea intubation grading among three groups （P＞0.05）. The time of neuromuscular block onset, duration of blockade maintenance, duration of clinical action and duration of in vivo action in children group were significantly shorter than those in youth group and elder group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in neuromuscular block recovery index among three groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion Children are more sensitive than adults to cisatracurium, with faster neuromuscular block onset, shorter duration of blockade maintenance and shorter duration of clinical action. The neuromuscular block recovery time is not related to age, and two times of ED95 of cisatracurium is safe and effective for patients with different ages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Contrast analysis of duodenoscopic treatment and traditional treatment for bile leakage after cholecystectomy LOU Xiao-lou, YANG Jian-jun, LIU Wen-yong, et al 2012, 32 (1):  93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.019 Abstract ( 1439 )   PDF (3209KB) ( 1310 )   Objective To compare the effects of duodenoscopic treatment and traditional treatment on bile leakage after cholecystectomy. Methods Thirty-five patients with bile leakage after cholecystectomy were divided into duodenoscopic treatment group (managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography method, n=17) and traditional treatment group (managed with conservative therapy and surgery, n=18). The percentages of bile leakage location confirmation, time of bile leakage closure, re-operation rates and prevalences of complications were compared between two groups. Results The percentage of bile leakage location confirmation in duodenoscopic treatment group was significantly higher than that in traditional treatment group (76.47% vs 38.89%, P<0.05), the time of bile leakage closure in duodenoscopic treatment group was significantly shorter than that in traditional treatment group [(13±3) d vs (23±5) d, P<0.05], the re-operation rate in duodenoscopic treatment group was significantly lower than that in traditional treatment group (11.76% vs 38.89%, P<0.05), and the prevalence of complications in duodenoscopic treatment group was significantly lower than that in traditional treatment group (17.65% vs 38.89%, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional treatment, duodenoscopic treatment for bile leakage after cholecystectomy is less invasive, more safe and more effective. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Public health administration)

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Role of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio in prediction of hypertension in mid-aged and young people in Chongqing QIU Lei, ZHONG Xiao-ni, SONG Wen-feng, et al 2012, 32 (1):  96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.020 Abstract ( 2987 )   PDF (4883KB) ( 1616 )   Objective To investigate the role of different serum lipid parameters in prediction of hypertension in mid-aged and young people in Chongqing. Methods The data of 20 000 subjects undergoing health examinations in Health Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2009 were collected. The correlation of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was explored, and the relationship among different serum lipid parameters were analysed. Serum lipid parameters with strong correlation with blood pressure were selected, and role of these parameters and their different combinations in prediction of area under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of subjects with hypertension was analysed. Results Health examinations revealed that three were 3 102 patients with hypertension, and the prevalence was 15.51%. Among these patients, there were 2 294 males and 808 females, and the prevalence of males was significantly higher than that of females (20.43% vs 9.21%，P<0.05). After adjustment for age and sex of patients with hypertension, TC/HDL-C had the strongest correlation with blood pressure, followed by LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C. TC/HDL-C had strong correlation with LDL-C/HDL-C, Non-HDL-C, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C and TC (r=0.926, 0.784, -0.753, 0.724, 0.715 and 0.642 respectively; P<0.001 for all). All the areas under ROC curve of hypertension predicted by TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG and their different combinations were >0.5, and the area under ROC curve predicted by TC/HDL-C was the largest. For the same serum lipid parameter and its combinations, areas under ROC curve of females were significantly larger than those of males (P<0.05). Conclusion C/HDL-C may be the optimal serum lipid parameter in prediction of hypertension in Chongqing mid-aged and young people, especially for females. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) during 2006 to 2010 QIU Xiao-chun, ZHOU Zhu-feng 2012, 32 (1):  101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.021 Abstract ( 1833 )   PDF (6385KB) ( 1819 )   Objective To carry out the bibliometric analysis of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science), and evaluate its academic status among domestic academic journals. Methods Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), bibliometric analysis was conducted on the papers published on Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) during 2006 to 2010. The authors, affiliations, foundations, cited papers and citation frequencies were statistically analysed, and h-index was calculated for the journal. Results A total of 2 152 papers were published on the journal during 2006 to 2010. Twenty-four authors published no less than 15 papers, all of whom had senior title or were academic leaders. Twelve first authors published no less than 6 papers. Papers with foundations support accounted for 19.2% of the total. One thousand and thirteen papers were cited for no less than 1 time, 13 papers were cited for no less than 10 times, and the average citation frequency was 0.98. The discipline with the highest citation frequency was oncology. Ruijin Hospital, Renji Hospital and Xinhua Hospital headed the number of papers and citation frequency. The h-index of the journal was 11. Conclusion There is a relative stable core author group for Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science), and the citation frequency and h-index of the journal are at higher levels among domestic academic journals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of olive oil lipid emulsion WANG Ying, CAI Wei 2012, 32 (1):  107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.022 Abstract ( 2065 )   PDF (5172KB) ( 1689 )   Lipid emulsion has been applying in parenteral nutrition ever since 1960s, and has been using in combination with glucose for energy supplement. The lipid emulsion most commonly used now is soybean oil, while there is an opinion that soybean oil lipid emulsion is not optimal to patients. Now a new lipid emulsion prepared from a mixture of 80% olive oil and 20% soybean oil containing a low proportion (20%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids and 60% of monounsaturated fatty acids is available, which may not lead to essential fatty acid deficiency and can alleviate the risk of lipid peroxidation after long-term application. This paper reviews the research progress of olive oil lipid emulsion in vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical investigations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Homing of mesenchymal stem cells after infusion in vivo SHI Xiao-feng, ZHU Yan 2012, 32 (1):  111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.023 Abstract ( 1675 )   PDF (5184KB) ( 1625 )   Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from several tissues,  and can also differentiate into disparate tissues. MSCs bear some capabilities such as immunosuppression, tissue repair, accelerating hematopoietic recovery and reducing graft versus host disease(GVHD), which make MSCs the focus of researches. However, the trafficking, homing and survival of MSCs after infusion into animals and their influential factors are not clear. After reviewing  papers, here we reveal some factors influencing homing of MSCs in vivo such as filtration of lung, quantity and culture condition of MSCs and pathologic status of tissues, among which pathologic status (severity of tissue injury) plays a critical role. MSCs preferentially home to sites of tissue injury, the trafficking direction is in line with the chemokine density gradient, and this progress is associated with many ligands and their receptors. Comprehension of homing of mesenchymal stem cells after infusion in vivo may contribute to providing theoretical foundation for clinical utilization of MSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy SHI Jun, ZHANG Wen-chuan 2012, 32 (1):  116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.024 Abstract ( 2402 )   PDF (4197KB) ( 3306 )   Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, whose pathogenesis is mostly related to metabolism pathway and growth factors. Metabolism pathway includes activation of polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway and protein kinase C pathway and production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Oxidative stress may indirectly harm the neurons and axons through the pathways mentioned above, and can directly injure the nerve cells as well. Growth factors are mainly associated with the synthesis and apoptosis of Schwann cells. Surgical treatment may yield favorable outcomes for DPN, and early diagnosis and treatment may effectively hinder the deterioration and development of DPN and reduce the rates of infection and amputation for affected limbs. This paper introduces the pathogenesis of DPN on the basis of metabolism pathway and growth factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and imaging features of patients with severe influenza A (H1N1) CAI Xiao-ting, SHI Guo-chao 2012, 32 (1):  120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.025 Abstract ( 1614 )   PDF (5257KB) ( 1486 )   Objective To investigate the imaging and clinical features of patients with severe influenza A (H1N1). Methods Thirteen patients suffering from severe influenza A (H1N1) were admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from December 2009 to February 2010, among whom 10 were males and the other 3 were females, with the median age of 50 years (24 to 59 years). The clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, treatment and outcomes of these patients were retrospectively analysed. Results The most common symptoms were fever and cough. The laboratory findings were decrease of the numbers of white blood cells, especially lymphocytes, and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. The major findings of chest radiograph and CT were bilateral ground-glass opacities and areas of consolidation. After anti-virus, corticosteroids, antibiotics and supporting therapy, the symptoms of 11 patients relieved, 1 patient had fungal infection and 1 patient died. Conclusion The major imaging findings of patients with severe influenza A are bilateral mixed interstitial or alveolar infiltrating shadows. The disease progresses quickly and may lead to death, while early diagnosis and early treatment may achieve better therapeutic effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of effects of propofol and thiopental sodium on intrinsic optical imaging intensity REN Rong-rong, ZHAO Xuan 2012, 32 (1):  124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.026 Abstract ( 1439 )   PDF (3619KB) ( 1166 )   Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and thiopental sodium on intrinsic optical imaging intensity of macaques. Methods Six macaques were divided into propofol group and  thiopental sodium group, with 3 macaques in each group. Intramuscular injection of 15 mg/(kg·h) ketamine was performed for anesthesia induction in two groups, and 1.5 mg/(kg·h) thiopental sodium, 0.15 mg/(kg·h) vecuronium, 1%-2% isoflurane, 0.5-2 L/min nitroxide and 1-2 L/min oxygen were used to maintain anesthesia in thiopental sodium group, while 5 mg/(kg·h) propofol, 0.15 mg/(kg·h) vecuronium, 1%-2% isoflurane, 0.5-2 L/min nitroxide and 1-2 L/min oxygen were used to maintain anesthesia in propofol group, and  the vital signs of macaques were recorded. Macaques in two groups were treated with visual stimulus of sinusoidal grating, with the direction of 0° and 90°, visual cortex imaging signals of macaques were detected, and mean imaging intensity was calculated. Results There was no significant difference in heart rates, oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure, temperature and mean imaging intensity between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in intrinsic optical imaging intensity between thiopental sodium and propofol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pre-operative oral preparation on incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia after operation ZHENG Wei-yan, SUN Yi, HE Zhen-zhou 2012, 32 (1):  127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.01.027 Abstract ( 1699 )   PDF (4184KB) ( 1507 )   Objective To investigate the effect of pre-operative oral preparation on incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in elderly patients. Methods Ninety-five patients (≥65 years old) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were randomly divided into experiment group (n=48) and control group (n=47). For experiment group, besides conventional preoperative preparation, gargle mouthwash was used after three meals and before sleep on the day before surgery day and before surgery on the surgery day. Besides conventional preoperative preparation, no oral preparation was performed in control group. Tracheal intubation was conducted during anesthesia, oropharyngeal swab samples and sputum samples were collected before intubation and after intubation, and bacteria culture and identification were carried out. The incidences of  VAP after operation were compared between two groups. Results The oropharyngeal infection rate in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group in oropharyngeal swab culture and sputum culture (P<0.05). The incidences of early-onset VAP and total VAP in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the incidence of late-onset VAP between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Pre-operative oral preparation can decrease the incidence of early-onset VAP in elderly patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Related Articles | Metrics