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28 February 2012, Volume 32 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Editorial
Original article (Basic research)
Original article (Clinical research)
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Editorial

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Importance of ophthalmic clinical trials and integrated studies of clinical and basic ophthalmology XU Xun 2012, 32 (2):  131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.001 Abstract ( 1326 )   PDF (1751KB) ( 1052 )   In recent years, more achievement of Chinese medical researchers has gained worldwide acceptance, and more scientific reports have been published on SCI journals. To improve the application and innovation of ophthalmological researches, greater importance should be attached to clinical trials and integrated studies of clinical and basic ophthalmology. Therefore, ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the nature and clinical evidences of diseases and conduct researches in a scientific way. Basic researches on medical science must proceed from clinical findings and serve clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Basic research)

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Mechanism of inhibitory effect of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 on retinal angiogenesis SUN Tao, ZHU Bi-jun, XU Xun, et al 2012, 32 (2):  133.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.002 Abstract ( 1643 )   PDF (6354KB) ( 1378 )   Objective To investigate the mechanism of inhibitory effect of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein (IGFBP-rP1) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced retinal angiogenesis in vitro. Methods Retina-choroid endothelial cell line (RF/6A) of macaque was cultured and starved for 24 h. Then RF/6A cells were divided into control group and 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1 groups, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic ratios of RF/6A cells. The starved RF/6A cells were also divided into control group, 10 ng/mL VEGF group and 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1+10 ng/mL VEGF groups, the expression of B-Raf protein was detected with immunocytochemical staining, and the activation of Caspase 3 was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results Flow cytometry revealed that there was no significant difference in apoptotic ratios of RF/6A cells between control group and 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1 groups (P>0.05). Immunocytochemical detection and Caspase 3 activation detection demonstrated that the average optical density of RF/6A cells in 10 ng/mL VEGF group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), D405 in 10 ng/mL VEGF group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the average optical density of RF/6A cells in 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1+10 ng/mL VEGF groups was significantly lower than that in 10 ng/mL VEGF group (P<0.05), D405 in 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1+10 ng/mL VEGF groups was significantly higher than that in 10 ng/mL VEGF group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in average optical density of RF/6A cells and D405 among 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL IGFBP-rP1+10 ng/mL VEGF groups (P<0.05). Conclusion IGFBPrP1 inhibits the biologic proceedings induced by VEGF during retinal angiogenesis by intervention of expression of BRaf protein and upregulation of Caspase 3 activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor after light-induced retinal injury in rats GONG Yuan-yuan, TONG Nian-ting, GU Qing, et al 2012, 32 (2):  137.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.003 Abstract ( 1848 )   PDF (7647KB) ( 1032 )   Objective To investigate the expression of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) after light-induced retinal injury in rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were selected, light-induced retinal injury models were established in 29 rats (light-induced retinal injury group), and the other 3 rats were served as normal control group. The retinal tissues of rats in normal control group and those of rats in light-induced retinal injury group at the time points of 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after light-induced retinal injury were obtained, the expression of EPO and EPOR protein and mRNA was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively, and the location of expression of EPO and EPOR protein was determined with immunohistochemical method. Results Western blotting detection revealed that the expression of EPO and EPOR protein increased after light-induced retinal injury, and reached the peak 48 h after light-induced retinal injury. The relative expression of EPO protein in light-induced retinal injury group was significantly higher than that in normal control group at the time points of 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after light-induced retinal injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the relative expression of EPOR protein in light-induced retinal injury group was significantly higher than that in normal control group at the time points of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after light-induced retinal injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). RT-PCR detection demonstrated that the expression of EPO and EPOR mRNA increased after light-induced retinal injury, and reached the peak 24 h and 48 h after light-induced retinal injury respectively. The relative expression of EPO mRNA in light-induced retinal injury group was significantly higher than that in normal control group at the time points of 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after light-induced retinal injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the relative expression of EPOR mRNA in light-induced retinal injury group was significantly higher than that in normal control group at the time points of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after light-induced retinal injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Immunohistochemical observation indicated that 24 h after light-induced retinal injury, the expression of EPOR protein was slightly enhanced and that of EPO protein was relatively lower in the outer and inner segment of photoreceptor. Conclusion The expression of EPO and EPOR protein and mRNA in retinal tissues may time-dependently increase after light-induced retinal injury in rats, which indicates that endogenous EPO and EPOR may participate in the restoration mechanism of light-induced retinal injury. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Clinical research)

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Clinical study of silicone removal by sutureless 23G pars plana surgery SONG Zheng-yu, CHEN Feng-e 2012, 32 (2):  143.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.004 Abstract ( 1811 )   PDF (4325KB) ( 1384 )   Objective To compare the clinical effects of silicone removal by sutureless 23G pars plana surgery and routine 20G pars plana surgery. Methods One hundred and seventy-four consecutive patients (174 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing single silicone removal were selected, and were divided into sutureless 23G pars plana surgery group (23G group, 79 eyes) and routine 20G pars plana surgery group (20G group, 95 eyes). The duration of surgery, visual acuity, intraocular pressure and complications after surgery were recorded and analysed. Results The mean duration of follow-up was (11.5±5.5) months (6 to 18 months). The mean duration of silicone removal in 23G group was (16.5±4.2) min, while that in 20G group was (35.2±7.4) min, and there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in best corrected visual acuity between two groups （P＞0.05）. Intraocular pressure in 23G group was significantly lower than that in 20G group 1 d and 3 d after surgery (P<0.05). The incidence of conjunctival inflammation in 23G group was significantly lower than that in 20G group (P<0.05) during follow-up. There was no significant difference in incidences of choroidal detachment, recurrent retinal detachment, vitreous opacity and vitreous hemorrhage between two groups after surgery (P＞0.05). Conclusion Compared with routine 20G pars plana surgery, silicone removal by sutureless 23G pars plana surgery is time-saving, with less complications after surgery, which may have definite prospects in clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effect of silicone oil removal combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation ZHU Bi-jun, LIU Hai-yun, ZOU Hai-dong, et al 2012, 32 (2):  147.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.005 Abstract ( 1614 )   PDF (4061KB) ( 1485 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of silicone oil removal combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in eyes with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy. Methods Thirty-five patients (36 eyes) with cataract and silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy underwent silicone oil removal combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between August 2010 and June 2011, the best corrected visual acuity one month after operation was observed, and the incidences of postoperative complications were recorded. Results One month after operation, the best corrected visual acuity was <0.01 in 3 eyes (8.33%), 0.01-0.04 in 5 eyes (13.89%), 0.05-0.09 in 10 eyes (27.78%), 0.1-0.25 in 15 eyes (41.67%) and ≥0.3 in 3 eyes (8.33%). There was no incidence of complications such as persisting corneal endothelial decompensation, residual silicone oil, lens dislocation and vitreous hemorrhage after operation in all patients. Conclusion Silicone oil removal combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective approach for eyes with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Outcome analysis of 23-G vitrectomy versus 20-G vitrectomy for treatment of retinal detachment CAI Wen-quan, ZHENG Zhi, LI Tao, et al 2012, 32 (2):  151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.006 Abstract ( 1757 )   PDF (4426KB) ( 1457 )   Objective To analyse the outcomes of 23-G vitrectomy and 20-G vitrectomy for the treatment of retinal detachment. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients (115 eyes) with retinal detachment were enrolled, and were treated with 23-G minimally invasive vitrectomy (group A, 52 patients, 52 eyes) or 20-G vitrectomy (group B, 63 patients, 63 eyes). The duration of operation and occurrence of complications during operation were recorded. Patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months after operation, the occurrence of retinal reattachment, visual acuity (logMAR visual acuity) and occurrence of complications were observed. The related parameters were statistically analysed and compared. Results There was no significant difference in the duration of operation between group A and group B [(67±18) min vs (70±19）min, P>0.05]. The main complication during operation was iatrogenic retinal hole, with 2 eyes in group A and 3 eyes in group B. The last follow-up revealed that there were 49 eyes with retinal reattachment in group A (reattachment rate, 94.2%), and logMAR visual acuity increased 0.337±0.046. There were 59 eyes with retinal reattachment in group B (reattachment rate, 93.7%), and logMAR visual acuity increased 0.367±0.052. There was no significant difference in retinal reattachment rate and degree of visual acuity increase between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion 23-G vitrectomy and 20-G vitrectomy may yield similar outcome for treatment of retinal detachment, and 23-G minimally invasive vitrectomy can be applicable for treatment of various vitreoretinal diseases with retinal detachment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Beixinjing Community of Shanghai HUANG Xiao-bo, ZOU Hai-dong, WANG Ning, et al 2012, 32 (2):  155.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.007 Abstract ( 1824 )   PDF (5680KB) ( 1582 )   Objective To investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in residents aged ≥60 years in Beixinjing Community of Shanghai. Methods The prevalence and related factors of AMD in residents aged ≥60 years in Beixinjing Community of Shanghai were investigated between November 2007 and April 2008 with cluster sampling. An interview concerning general data, history of diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, daily living visual acuity and corrected visual acuity was carried out. Basic eye examination was performed, and 2 photographs covering 45° of posterior eye fundus area were acquired in each eye with fundus camera. The diagnosis of AMD was made by two or more ophthalmologists, and the classification of AMD was based on the criteria from Chinese Eye Fundus Diseases Group. Results A total of 4 153 residents were included, and 3 571 finished examinations, with the examination rate of 85.99%. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients (778 eyes) were diagnosed as AMD, accounting for 13.36% of the residents finishing examinations. Sixty-four patients (85 eyes) were diagnosed as exudative AMD, occupying 1.79% of the residents finishing examinations. The prevalences of AMD in the age groups of 60-69, 70-79 and no less than 80 were 6.23%, 14.98%, and 29.91%, respectively, with significant differences (χ2=169.40, P<0.01). The prevalences of AMD in the education groups of illiterate, primary school, middle school, and higher than middle school were 15.2%, 18.75%, 9.36% and 8.22%, respectively, with significant differences (χ2=59.56, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalences of AMD between males and females (χ2=0.03, P>0.05). In eyes of AMD, 3.08% and 18.51% were identified as blind or low vision. In eyes of exudative AMD, 15.29% and 32.95% were identified as blind or low vision, which were higher than those in eyes of atrophic AMD (1.59% and 16.73%). Conclusion The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and decreases with education level. AMD may lead to severe visual acuity impairment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence of diabetic macular edema and its related factors YANG Xiao-lu, ZOU Hai-dong, XU Xun, et al 2012, 32 (2):  160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.008 Abstract ( 1939 )   PDF (8326KB) ( 1257 )   Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME), and analyse its related factors. Methods The clinical data were collected, and related examinations were conducted in 450 patients with diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and DME was made, and the staging of DR and typing of DME were performed. The related factors of DME were analysed, and the relationship between different types of DME and DR stages was explored. Results Among the 450 patients with diabetes mellitus, 168 were diagnosed as DR, and 73 (16.22%) were confirmed as DME. The prevalences of DME in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus were 8.16% and 17.21% respectively. For patients with no less than 10 years in disease duration, the prevalences of DME were 15.39% and 27.03% respectively in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalences of focal, diffuse, ischemic and proliferative DME in patients with diabetes mellitus were 7.56%, 5.56%, 0.44% and 2.44% respectively. Logistic stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that disease duration of diabetes mellitus and DR staging were independent related factors of prevalence of DME, and DR staging was a common independent related factor of prevalences of different types of DME. Conclusion The prevalence of DME increases with the disease duration of diabetes mellitus and severity of DR, and the severity of DR is related to the prevalences of different types of DME. Related Articles | Metrics

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Macular pigment optical density and its relationship with refractive status and foveal thickness in Chinese school-aged children ZHENG Wen-jing, ZHANG Zheng-wei, Kiram Abla, et al 2012, 32 (2):  168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.009 Abstract ( 1861 )   PDF (4471KB) ( 1319 )   Objective To investigate the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its relationship with refractive status and foveal thickness in Chinese school-aged children. Methods Ninety-four healthy children aged from 6 to 12 were recruited in Shanghai. MPOD was determined with heterochromatic flicker photometry, both minimum foveal thickness (MFT) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and non-contact tonometer was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) followed by determination of spherical equivalent (SE) refraction after pupil dilation. Besides, body mass index (BMI) was obtained. The differences in MPOD between different genders were analysed, the correlation of MPOD with age, BMI, IOP, SE, MFT and CFT was explored, and the correlation of MPOD with MFT and CFT under different refractive status was determined. Results The mean MPOD in examined children was 0.56±0.25, with no significant difference between boys and girls (P＞0.05). There was no significant correlation of MOPD with age, BMI, IOP, SE, MFT and CFT (P>0.05 for all). In children with refractive diopter ≤－0.5 D, there was an inverse relationship between MPOD and MFT (r=－0.66，P=0.028) and a positive relationship between MPOD and CFT (r=0.67，P=0.025). Conclusion MPOD reversely correlates MFT and has a positive relationship with CFT in Chinese children aged from 6 to 12 with low to moderate myopia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cycloplegia induced by tropicamide on ocular anterior segment parameters in children ZHANG Zheng-wei, Kiram Abla, ZHENG Wen-jing, et al 2012, 32 (2):  172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.010 Abstract ( 1672 )   PDF (4899KB) ( 1254 )   Objective To investigate the changes of ocular anterior segment parameters before and after cycloplegia induced by 0.5% tropicamide in children. Methods Three hundred and nine healthy children were selected, cycloplegia was induced by 0.5% tropicamide, and ocular anterior segment parameters were measured with Pentacam system before and after cycloplegia. The changes of ocular anterior segment parameters before and after cycloplegia were investigated, and those stratified by refractive status and genders were analysed. Results The data of 294 children met the inclusion criteria. The central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) after cycloplegia were significantly larger than those before cycloplegia (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the anterior chamber angle (ACA) after cycloplegia was significantly smaller than that before cycloplegia (P<0.05). The difference between ACD after cycloplegia and that before cycloplegia in children with hyperopia was significantly larger than those in children with emmetropia, low myopia and medium myopia (P<0.05), and the difference between ACV after cycloplegia and that before cycloplegia in children with hyperopia was significantly larger than those in children with low myopia and medium myopia (P<0.001). ACA after cycloplegia was significantly smaller than that before cycloplegia in boys (P<0.05), while ACA after cycloplegia was not different from that before cycloplegia in girls (P>0.05). Conclusion 0.5% tropicamide may cause significant increase in CCT, CV, ACD and ACV, and significant decrease in ACA in children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of conjunctival impression cytology with symptoms and signs of dry eye LIANG Xiao-qing, LIU Yan, ZHENG Bo-tao, et al 2012, 32 (2):  177.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.011 Abstract ( 1741 )   PDF (5060KB) ( 1509 )   Objective To explore the correlation of conjunctival impression cytology with acridine orange fluorescent staining (CICAO) with symptoms and signs of dry eye. Methods One hundred and fifty-two patients with dry eye (303 eyes) and 60 normal controls (120 eyes) were selected. The complaints of symptoms from patients with dry eye were collected, including dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, red eye, excretion increase, heavy feeling in eyelid, asthenopia, photophobia, tearing, gargalesthesia, soreness and vibration in visual acuity. Schirmer I test (SIt), break-up time (BUT), fluorescein staining of the cornea (FL), Rose Bengal staining (RB) and CICAO were examined in all subjects. Spearman rank correlation method was employed to analyse the correlation of CICAO with symptoms of dry eye, SIt, BUT, FL and RB. Results CICAO was significantly related to dryness, tearing and soreness of symptoms of dry eye（r=0.337, r=－0.278, r=0.395；P＜0.05 for all), and CICAO was also significantly with RB, SIt, BUT and FL （r=0.757，r=－0.668，r=－0.549，r=0.428；P＜0.01 for all). Conclusion CICAO has relatively poor correlation with symptoms of dry eye, while is significantly related to RB, SIt, BUT and FL. CICAO may provide reliable evidences for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of strong magnet in removal of intravitreal metal foreign bodies ZHENG Yong-zheng, XIE Mao-song, LUO Da-wei 2012, 32 (2):  181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.012 Abstract ( 1890 )   PDF (4677KB) ( 1248 )   Objective To evaluate the outcomes of removal of intravitreal metal foreign bodies with strong magnet. Methods Intravitreal foreign bodies in 70 patients (73 eyes) were divided into three categories, which were foreign bodies in the wall of eyeball, foreign bodies in the anterior vitreous body and foreign bodies in the posterior vitreous body. Foreign bodies in each category were randomly removed with electromagnet (electromagnet group) or strong magnet(strong magnet group). Electromagnet group included 5 eyes with foreign bodies in the wall of eyeball, 18 eyes with foreign bodies in the anterior vitreous body and 15 eyes with foreign bodies in the posterior vitreous body. Strong magnet group included 4 eyes with foreign bodies in the wall of eyeball, 17 eyes with foreign bodies in the anterior vitreous body and 14 eyes with foreign bodies in the posterior vitreous body. The magnetic flux density of electromagnet and strong magnet were measured by teslameter. The removal rate, time required for removal and incidences of complications after removal of each category of foreign bodies were compared. Results The magnetic flux density of strong magnet was similar to that of electromagnet at the distance of 0-5 cm. There was no significant difference in the removal rates and time required for removal of three categories of foreign bodies between two groups (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the incidences of cataract, vitreous hemorrhage and endophthalmitis after removal of three categories of foreign bodies between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The outcome of removal of intravitreal metal foreign bodies with strong magnet is similar to that with electromagnet, while the application of strong magnet is more economical and practical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of combination treatment of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation for severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy JIN Hui-yi, YANG Xiao-lu, XIE Tian-hua, et al 2012, 32 (2):  185.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.013 Abstract ( 2165 )   PDF (4470KB) ( 1386 )   Objective To investigate the effects of combination treatment of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on macular morphology and function in patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods Thirty-six eyes of 28 patients with severe NPDR were selected, and were divided into severe NPDR with clinical significant macular edema group (CSME group, n=20) and severe NPDR without macular edema group (NE group, n=16) based on the findings of best corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and MP-1 microperimetry. Combination treatment of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation and PRP was performed in all included eyes, and examinations of best corrected visual acuity, OCT and MP-1 microperimetry were conducted 3 months after treatment. Results There was no significant change in best corrected visual acuity and macular thickness after treatment in two groups (P>0.05), there was no significant change in retinal sensitivity after treatment in CSME group (P>0.05), while the retinal sensitivity after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment in NE group (P<0.05). Conclusion Combination treatment of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation and PRP is effective in preventing macular retinal thickening in patients with severe NPDR and no macular edema, while it may cause visual function impairment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of flash-electroretinography in patients with hyperlipidemia ZHANG Bei, QIU Qing-hua, WANG Chuan, et al 2012, 32 (2):  189.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.014 Abstract ( 1509 )   PDF (4322KB) ( 1417 )   Objective To describe the characteristics of flash-electroretinography (F-ERG) in patients with hyperlipidemia, and investigate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the retinal function. Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients with hyperlipidemia diagnosed at the First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University between February 2011 and June 2011 were selected as hyperlipidemia group, and another 60 healthy people were served as normal control group. F-ERG was performed in both groups, and a wave and b wave of rod cell response (Rod-a and Rod-b), a wave and b wave of maximum response (Max-a and Max-b), oscillatory potentials (Ops), a wave and b wave of cone cell response (Cone-a and Cone-b) and b wave of 30 Hz flicker response (Flicker-b) were recorded. The wave amplitudes and latencies of 5 items of standard F-ERG and the ratios of wave amplitude of Max-b to that of Max-a (b/a) were compared between two groups. Results The wave amplitudes of 5 items of standard F-ERG in hyperlipidemia group were significantly lower than those in normal control group (P<0.01). The latency of Max-b wave of standard F-ERG in hyperlipidemia group was slightly longer than that in normal control group (P<0.05), and the wave latencies of the other 4 items of standard F-ERG in hyperlipidemia group were significantly longer than those in normal control group (P<0.01). The ratios of wave amplitude of Max-b to that of Max-a (b/a) in hyperlipidemia group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The retinal function of patients with hyperlipidemia is significantly impaired, and the damage in outer layer of retina is more severe than that in inner layer of retina. Related Articles | Metrics

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Outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty in treatment of secondary glaucoma after intravitreal silicone oil injection TANG Min, FU Yang, MA Ying, et al 2012, 32 (2):  193.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.015 Abstract ( 1813 )   PDF (4247KB) ( 1443 )   Objective To analyse the outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in treatment of secondary glaucoma after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Methods Eighteen patients (18 eyes) with secondary glaucoma after intravitreal silicone oil injection were selected, and SLT was performed with 360° of the trabecular meshwork at 100 points. All patients were followed up, and complications, intraocular pressure and drug usage were observed. Results After SLT treatment, mild pain occurred in 4 eyes (22.2%), mild conjunctival hyperemia in 8 eyes (44.4%), anterior uveitis in 7 eyes (38.9%), anterior chamber bleeding in 1 eye (5.56%), and transient intraocular pressure spike in 3 eyes (16.7%). The mean intraocular pressure decreased from (25.56±3.09) mmHg before treatment to (20.17±2.57) mmHg after treatment (t=8.581, P=0.000 1). The number of drugs for intraocular pressure control also decreased from 2.167±0.514 to 1.333±0.840 （t=4.499，P=0.000 3）. Conclusion SLT is a safe and effective option in treatment of patients with secondary glaucoma after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Vision-related quality of life and related factors in patients with age-related macular degeneration LIU Xiao-jing, ZOU Hai-dong, WU Xing-wei 2012, 32 (2):  197.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.016 Abstract ( 1720 )   PDF (5464KB) ( 1320 )   Objective To investigate the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) and related factors in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Eighty-eight patients with AMD (AMD group) and 88 patients with non-AMD diseases (control group) diagnosed at Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University were selected, and Chinese version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL) was employed to evaluate VRQoL in both groups. The total score of CLVQOL and scores of each scale of CLVQOL (scale of distant visual acuity, motion and light perception, scale of adjustment ability, scale of reading and fine work and scale of daily living) were calculated, and their correlations with monocular logMAR visual acuity and weighted average logMAR visual acuity (WMAR) were explored. Results The average total score of CLVQOL in AMD group was (96.18±20.35) points, which was significantly lower than that in control group [(106.53±12.75) points](P<0.01). Except the scale of daily living, the scores of the other scales of CLVQOL in AMD group were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The total score and scores of each scale of CLVQOL in AMD group well correlated with logMAR visual acuity in the better-seeing eye and WMAR, with similar correlation coefficients. WMAR was confirmed as the chief independent risk factor of the score of the scale of reading and fine work, and the visual acuity in the better-seeing eye was determined as the chief independent risk factor of the total score and scores of the other scales of CLVQOL. Conclusion VRQoL in patients with AMD is relatively lower, and avoiding the visual acuity decrease in the better-seeing eye may be a way to maintain VRQoL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and evaluation of dry eye-related symptoms on quality of life after phacoemulsification for cataract ZHU Ming-ming, SUN Qian, HUANG Jian-nan, et al 2012, 32 (2):  202.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.017 Abstract ( 1753 )   PDF (5364KB) ( 1390 )   Objective To investigate the effect and evaluation of dry eye-related symptoms on quality of life after phacoemulsification for cataract. Methods Cross-sectional design was adopted, and 103 patients (103 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification for cataract were randomly selected. Ninety days after operation, the visual acuity, tear film break up time, fluorescence integral and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were measured, Schirmer I test was performed, and values of utility were determined with time trade-off (TTO), standard gamble (SG1, SG2), and rating scale (RS) to evaluate the quality of life. Results The values of utility determined by TTO, SG1, SG2, and RS were 0.95±0.11, 0.96±0.50, 0.99±0.06 and 0.80±0.12 respectively, and there were significant differences (P<0.05) among these values of utility except for the pair obtained by TTO and SG1. OSDI and visual acuity were significantly related to the four values of utility, especially that obtained by RS. The values of utility determined by TTO, SG1, SG2 and RS in patients without dry eye-related symptoms (OSDI≤12 points) were higher than those in patients with dry eye-related symptoms (OSDI>12 points), and there were significant differences in the values of utility obtained by RS between patients with dry eye-related symptoms and those without dry eye-related symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion Dry eye-related symptoms after phacoemulsification for cataract have negative impact on quality of life, and the value of utility measured by RS is more sensitive in evaluating the effect of the disease on quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reproducibility of macular ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography CAI Zheng-yuan, FAN Ying, SUN Xiao-dong, et al 2012, 32 (2):  207.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.018 Abstract ( 1984 )   PDF (4498KB) ( 1347 )   Objective To investigate the reproducibility of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Normal people (normal control group, n=15), patients with NTG (NTG group, n=15) and those with POAG (POAG group, n=15) were selected, and Fourierdomain OCT was employed to measure RNFL thickness, mGCC thickness and its general loss of volume (GLV) and focal loss of volume (FLV) in each group. After 5 times of measurements by operator A at 4-h intervals, the same job was done by operator B on the following day. Inner-operator and inter-operator intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adopted to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AROC) was used to analyse the diagnosis performance. Results ICC were >0.75 for mGCC and RNFL thickness measurements. All the measured parameters in NTG group and POAG group were significantly different from those in normal control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and FLV% between NTG group and POAG group (P>0.05), while there were significant differences in mGCC thickness and GLV% between these two groups (P<0.01, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in AROC between RNFL parameters and mGCC parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion The reproducibility of mGCC and RNFL thickness measurements using Fourier-domain OCT in patients with NTG and POAG is favorable. RNFL works well in diagnosis, and mGCC may serve as a good supplement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of 139 cases of intraocular silicon oil removal YE Qiang, XU Xian, CAI Wen-quan, et al 2012, 32 (2):  211.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.019 Abstract ( 2182 )   PDF (3439KB) ( 1442 )   Objective To explore the clinical application and control of risks of operation in intraocular silicon oil removal. Methods Intraocular silicon oil removal with active and continuous aspiration were performed on 139 patients (139 eyes) who had received vitrectomy combined with silicon oil tamponade. The status of vitreous chamber and retina after operation was observed, and the relationship between intraocular pressure control and retinal redetachment after operation was analysed. Results All patients completed the operation. One hundred and thirtyfive patients (97.12%) had clear vitreous chamber and intact retina after operation, while the other 4 patients (2.88%) experienced retinal redetachment after operation. Thirty-two patients (23.02%) developed lower intraocular pressure after operation, 4 of whom were those with retinal redetachment after operation, and there were significant differences in the prevalences of lower intraocular pressure after operation between patients with retinal detachment after operation and those without retinal detachment after operation (100% vs 20.74%,χ2=13.77, P<0.01). Conclusion Intraocular silicon oil removal with active and continuous aspiration is safe and effective, and proper management of intraocular pressure during and after operation plays an important role in silicon oil removal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of antiangiogenic activity of tumstatin MA Ying-yan, ZOU Hai-dong 2012, 32 (2):  214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.020 Abstract ( 1597 )   PDF (5275KB) ( 1315 )   Tumstatin is a bioactivator which can effectively suppress tumor growth by inhibiting both angiogenesis of tumor vessels and proliferation of tumor cells. Tumstatin has great ability to cause tumor stasis. The bioactivity and mechanisms  of tumstatin have been gradually revealed. The antiangiogenic activity and mechanisms of tumstatin are reviewed in this paper, and the prospect of application of tumstatin in ophthalmology is explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Update on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic retinopathy WANG Li-li, LIU Kun, XU Xun 2012, 32 (2):  219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.021 Abstract ( 1742 )   PDF (7341KB) ( 1655 )   A comprehensive consensus has been reached that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Theoretically, a block to any step of the VEGF signal pathway may interrupt the biological function of VEGF, so that the therapeutic effect can be achieved. This paper reviews the mechanisms and efficacies of different anti-VEGF drugs, either in clinical trial or laboratory research phase, that have been used in the treatment of DR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Update on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema SUO Yan, LIU Kun, XU Xun 2012, 32 (2):  226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.022 Abstract ( 2413 )   PDF (5613KB) ( 1500 )   Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. The major treatment methods for DME include laser photocoagulation therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. In recent years, anti-VEGF drugs such as Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, VEGF-Trap and KH902 have exhibited favorable effects in treatment of DME. The research progress of anti-VEGF therapy for DME is reviewed in this paper, and the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF therapy are explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Laboratory research progress of roles and mechanisms of lutein in eye diseases ZHANG Wei, TONG Nian-ting, YIN Li-li, et al 2012, 32 (2):  231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.023 Abstract ( 2045 )   PDF (4083KB) ( 1470 )   Lutein has been proved to have the ability to remove singlet oxygen groups and peroxide radicals, and it protects human retina from injury through blue-light infiltration and antioxidation. Although the validity of lutein to prevent or treat various eye diseases has been revealed by clinical trials, the exact mechanism is not definitely known, which leaves room for clinical and laboratory researches. The laboratory research progress of roles and mechanisms of lutein in eye diseases is reviewed in this paper, and major eye diseasesassociated animal models and cells in laboratory researches for lutein are introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer and central fovea of macula in children with unilateral amblyopia FU Yang, TANG Min, SUN Xiao-dong, et al 2012, 32 (2):  235.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2012.02.024 Abstract ( 2062 )   PDF (2937KB) ( 1384 )   Objective To compare the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and central fovea of macula between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in children with unilateral amblyopia. Methods Twenty-three children with unilateral amblyopia were selected, the thickness of RNFL around optic disk (superior, temporal, inferior and nasal quadrants) and mean thickness of RNFL were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), the mean thickness of central fovea of 1 mm in diameter and the smallest thickness of cental fovea of macula were examined, and the differences between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes were compared. Results The thickness of RNFL in the temporal quadrant in amblyopic eyes was smaller than that in non-amblyopic eyes (t=-4.671，P=0.000 1), while there was no significant difference in the thickness of RNFL in the superior, inferior or nasal quadrants and the mean thickness of RNFL between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of fovea of 1 mm in diameter between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes (t=0.082 3, P=0.935 1), while the smallest thickness in central fovea of macula in amblyopic eyes was smaller than that in non-amblyopic eyes (t=-2.371 0, P=0.026 9). Conclusion There exist differences in peripapillary RNFL and structure of macula between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in children with unilateral amblyopia. Related Articles | Metrics