茶褐素生物学活性及其作用机制的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶对人体健康发挥多种重要的调节作用，其富含的茶色素类物质逐渐被发现具有重要的生物学活性。其中由茶黄素、茶红素等酚类物质进一步氧化聚合而成的茶褐素，主要存在于部分发酵的乌龙茶以及全发酵的红茶和黑茶中。茶褐素作为一种天然大分子物质，在肠道中不能直接被吸收入血发挥作用，但它可以与肠道菌接触，调节肠道菌群结构，维持肠道菌群稳态。茶褐素通过调节肠道菌群的结构和功能发挥多种生物学活性。茶褐素可通过抑制肝脏胆固醇生成、促进胆固醇和三酰甘油分解代谢、促进脂肪组织能量代谢，改善机体脂质代谢；可直接影响肠道对碳水化合物的吸收，改善糖代谢，维持血糖稳态；通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和调节肿瘤细胞基因表达，发挥抗肿瘤的作用；另外茶褐素还能参与调节免疫细胞分化和多种炎症因子表达，发挥抗炎作用。该文总结了茶褐素在茶叶中的形成过程和提取方法，以及茶褐素结构组成的特点，并详细阐述了茶褐素对肠道菌群、脂质代谢、血糖稳态、肿瘤和炎症等方面的调节作用及其作用机制的研究进展。

关键词: 茶褐素, 肠道菌群, 代谢性疾病, 抗肿瘤, 抗炎

Abstract:

Tea is beneficial to human health, which is rich in tea pigments with important biological activities. Theabrownin, derived from theaflavins and thearubigins by oxidative polymerization, mainly distributes in semi-fermented oolong tea, and completely fermented black tea and dark tea. As a kind of macromolecular substance, theabrownin cannot be directly absorbed by the gut, but it can directly interact with intestinal microbiota to regulate and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Theabrownin has multiple physiological roles via modulating the gut microbiota, including inhibiting hepatic cholesterol production, promoting the catabolism of cholesterol and triglyceride, and promoting energy metabolism in adipose tissues, thereby improving lipid metabolism. Theabrownin can also directly influence the gut absorption of glucose to improve carbohydrate metabolism and maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Theabrownin plays an anti-tumor role by inducing apoptosis and regulating gene expression in tumor cells. Theabrownin also plays an anti-inflammatory role via participating in the regulation of the immune cell differentiation and the levels of inflammatory factors. This review summarizes the formation process, the extraction procedures, and the chemical structure of theabrownin, and reviews the effects and mechanisms of theabrownin on intestinal microbiota, lipid metabolism, blood glucose homeostasis, cancer and inflammation.

Key words: theabrownin, intestinal microbiota, metabolic disease, antitumor, anti-inflammatory

中图分类号:

R589

王洁仪, 郑丹, 郑晓皎, 贾伟, 赵爱华. 茶褐素生物学活性及其作用机制的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2023, 43(6): 768-774.

WANG Jieyi, ZHENG Dan, ZHENG Xiaojiao, JIA Wei, ZHAO Aihua. Research progress in biological activities and mechanisms of theabrownin[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(6): 768-774.

图/表 1

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Animal model	Up-regulated gut microbiota	Down-regulated gut microbiota	Reference
Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate-induced colorectal cancer in mice	Family: Rinoccaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae Genus: Romboutsia, Anaeroplasma, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9, Parvibacter, Alloprevotella	Family: Bacteroidceae Genus: Bacteroides	[8]
Mice with high-fat diet		Genus: Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus	[6]
Rats with high-sugar diet	Phylum: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria Genus: Alloprevotella, Coprostanoligenes group, Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Desulfovibrio, Intestinimonas, Astipes, Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Staphylococcus Species: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp., Lactobacillus murinus	Phylum: Firmicutes Family: Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group Genus: Lactobacillus, Tyzzerella	[23]
Mice with high-fat diet	Species: Clostridium scindens, Akmermansia muciniphila, Parabacteroides distasonis		[21]
db/db Mice with high-fat diet	Species: Clostridioides difficile 42_27, Blautia coccoides, Firmicutes bacterium ASF500	Species: Brevundimonas vesicularis	[24]
Mice with high-fat diet	Genus: Clostridium		[25]
Rats with high-fat diet	Phylum: Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria Species: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Lactobacillus murinus, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Corynebacterium variabile	Species: Lachnospiraceae bacterium PG-426-CC-1, Brachyspira sp. NSH-25, Desulfovibrio sp. UNSW3caefatS, Bacteroides uniformis	[20]
Rats with high-fat diet	Family: Lachnospiraceae Genus: Lactobacillus, Akkermansia	Family: Ruminococcaceae Genus: Desulfovibrio	[26]

Animal model	Up-regulated gut microbiota	Down-regulated gut microbiota	Reference
Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate-induced colorectal cancer in mice	Family: Rinoccaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae Genus: Romboutsia, Anaeroplasma, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9, Parvibacter, Alloprevotella	Family: Bacteroidceae Genus: Bacteroides	[8]
Mice with high-fat diet		Genus: Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus	[6]
Rats with high-sugar diet	Phylum: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria Genus: Alloprevotella, Coprostanoligenes group, Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Desulfovibrio, Intestinimonas, Astipes, Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Staphylococcus Species: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp., Lactobacillus murinus	Phylum: Firmicutes Family: Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group Genus: Lactobacillus, Tyzzerella	[23]
Mice with high-fat diet	Species: Clostridium scindens, Akmermansia muciniphila, Parabacteroides distasonis		[21]
db/db Mice with high-fat diet	Species: Clostridioides difficile 42_27, Blautia coccoides, Firmicutes bacterium ASF500	Species: Brevundimonas vesicularis	[24]
Mice with high-fat diet	Genus: Clostridium		[25]
Rats with high-fat diet	Phylum: Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria Species: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Lactobacillus murinus, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Corynebacterium variabile	Species: Lachnospiraceae bacterium PG-426-CC-1, Brachyspira sp. NSH-25, Desulfovibrio sp. UNSW3caefatS, Bacteroides uniformis	[20]
Rats with high-fat diet	Family: Lachnospiraceae Genus: Lactobacillus, Akkermansia	Family: Ruminococcaceae Genus: Desulfovibrio	[26]

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