上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版）

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认知老化的神经机制及假说

李 婷, 李春波   

  1. 上海交通大学 医学院附属精神卫生中心, 上海 200030
  • 出版日期:2013-07-28 发布日期:2013-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 李春波, 电子信箱: chunbo_li@yahoo.com。
  • 作者简介:李婷（1977—），女，主治医师，博士生; 电子信箱: liting2319@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    上海市卫生系统优秀学科带头人培养计划（XBR2011005）；上海交通大学理工交叉研究基金重点项目

Neural mechanism and hypothesis of cognitive aging

LI Ting, LI Chun-bo   

  1. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Online:2013-07-28 Published:2013-08-22
  • Supported by:
    Shanghai Medical Excellent Discipline Leader Program, XBR2011005; Shanghai Jiaotong University Science and Engineering Interdiscipline Research Foundation

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摘要：

在认知老化的过程中，大脑的结构和功能均会发生不同程度的变化。自20世纪70年代以来，脑成像技术已成为研究认知老化神经机制的重要手段。任务态功能影像学研究发现老年人局部脑区的两种过度“激活”现象：老年人大脑半球非对称性减弱模型（HAROLD)和老化中由后向前转移模型（PASA)。文章回顾了与这两个模型相关的理论假说，包括代偿说（compensation theory）和去分化说（dedifferentiation theory），从不同方面来解释认知老化的神经机制。

关键词: 认知老化, 脑成像技术, 代偿, 去分化

Abstract:

During the course of cognitive aging, the structure and function of brain change at different levels. Brain imaging techniques have become important means for the neural mechanism research of cognitive aging since 1970s. Functional imaging studies have consistently found two “overactivation” models in regional brain area in the elderly:hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) and posterior-anterior shift in aging (PASA). The theories and hypothesis relating to the two models, including compensation theory and dedifferentiation theory are reviewed, and the neural mechanism of cognitive aging is explained from different aspects in this paper.

Key words: cognitive aging, functional imaging, compensation, dedifferentiation