
上海交通大学学报(医学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 646-652.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.05.013
许莉1,2(
), 杨艳2(
), 陈菡芬1, 姜萌1, 卜军1
收稿日期:2022-02-15
接受日期:2022-05-15
出版日期:2022-05-28
发布日期:2022-05-28
通讯作者:
杨艳,电子信箱:yang2021@sjtu.edu.cn。作者简介:许莉(1987—),女,副主任护师,硕士生;电子信箱:xuli@renji.com。
基金资助:
XU Li1,2(
), YANG Yan2(
), CHEN Hanfen1, JIANG Meng1, PU Jun1
Received:2022-02-15
Accepted:2022-05-15
Online:2022-05-28
Published:2022-05-28
Contact:
YANG Yan, E-mail: yang2021@sjtu.edu.cn.Supported by:摘要:
目的·分析急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者在心脏康复中心(cardiac rehabilitation center,CRC)就诊的相关影响因素,并对康复效果进行评价,从而为心脏康复工作的有效开展提供依据。方法·选择2020年5月—2021年10月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的中、高危AMI患者454例,收集并分析其一般人口学资料、疾病情况等。根据患者是否选择于CRC就诊,将其分为2组。采用Logistic回归模型对可能影响AMI患者于CRC就诊的相关因素进行分析,并比较患者出院后第1次至CRC就诊前和就诊3个月后的心肺功能及体脂测量变化。结果·共有32例(7.05%)患者(组1)在出院后选择于CRC就诊,其余患者(组2)未选择。一般人口学资料和疾病情况的分析显示,年龄、宗教信仰、教育背景、工作状态的组间差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、教育背景(高中或中专、大专及以上)、发生2支心脏血管病变、出院前的心脏彩超左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)是患者于CRC就诊的保护因素,而有宗教信仰是其危险因素(均P<0.05)。与出院后第1次至CRC就诊前相比,于CRC就诊3个月后的患者的峰值千克摄氧量(t=7.619,P=0.000)和无氧阈的千克摄氧量(t=5.510,P=0.000)均较高,体质量指数(t=3.132,P=0.004)和腰臀比(t=3.891,P=0.000)均有所下降。结论·中、高危AMI患者出院后选择于CRC就诊率仍处于较低水平,且年龄、宗教信仰、教育背景、心脏血管病变情况和出院前的心脏彩超LVEF是该类患者选择CRC就诊的影响因素;于CRC就诊3个月后,患者的心肺功能和体脂方面均有明显改善。
中图分类号:
许莉, 杨艳, 陈菡芬, 姜萌, 卜军. 急性心肌梗死患者于心脏康复中心就诊的影响因素及效果评价[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2022, 42(5): 646-652.
XU Li, YANG Yan, CHEN Hanfen, JIANG Meng, PU Jun. Study on influencing factors and effect evaluation of patients with acute myocardial infarction in the cardiac rehabilitation center[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(5): 646-652.
| Item | Total (n=454) | Group 1(n=32) | Group 2 (n=422) | t/χ2 value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General demographic data | |||||
| Age/year | 60.10±10.57 | 53.75±13.08 | 60.57±10.20 | 2.884 | 0.007 |
| Gender/n(%) | 0.062 | 0.803 | |||
| Male | 398 (87.7) | 29 (90.6) | 369 (87.4) | ||
| Female | 56 (12.3) | 3 (9.4) | 53 (12.6) | ||
| Marriage/n(%) | 0.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Married | 435 (95.8) | 31 (96.9) | 404 (95.7) | ||
| Unmarried/divorced/widowed | 19 (4.2) | 1 (3.1) | 18 (4.3) | ||
| Religious belief/n(%) | 4.230 | 0.040 | |||
| No | 443 (97.6) | 29 (90.6) | 414 (98.1) | ||
| Yes | 11 (2.4) | 3 (9.4) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Education background/n(%) | 22.761 | 0.000 | |||
| Middle school or below | 198 (43.6) | 5 (15.6) | 193 (45.7) | ||
| High school/technical secondary school | 133 (29.3) | 7 (21.9) | 126 (29.9) | ||
| College or above | 123 (27.1) | 20 (62.5) | 103 (24.4) | ||
| Working state/n(%) | 13.403 | 0.000 | |||
| In-service | 139 (30.6) | 19(59.4) | 120 (28.4) | ||
| Retired/unemployed | 315 (69.4) | 13(40.6) | 302 (71.6) | ||
| Type of medical expenses paid/n(%) | 0.140 | 0.708 | |||
| Health insurance | 357 (78.6) | 26 (81.3) | 331 (78.4) | ||
| Self-paying | 97 (21.4) | 6 (18.8) | 91 (21.6) | ||
| Disease situation | |||||
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions/n(%) | 7.560 | 0.056 | |||
| 1 | 101 (22.2) | 7 (21.9) | 94 (22.3) | ||
| 2 | 127 (28.0) | 13 (40.6) | 114 (27.0) | ||
| 3 | 189 (41.6) | 7 (21.9) | 182 (43.1) | ||
| >3 | 37 (8.1) | 5 (15.6) | 32 (7.6) | ||
| Number of days in CCU/d | 6.07±3.75 | 6.50±3.60 | 6.04±3.77 | 0.671 | 0.503 |
| NT-proBNP at discharge/n(%) | 0.589 | 0.745 | |||
| <300 pg·mL-1 | 39 (8.6) | 3 (9.4) | 36 (8.5) | ||
| 300 pg·mL-1 ‒900 pg·mL-1 | 201 (44.3) | 16 (50.0) | 185 (43.8) | ||
| >900 pg·mL-1 | 214 (47.1) | 13 (40.6) | 201 (47.6) | ||
| LVEF at discharge/% | 53.47±8.36 | 50.91±7.53 | 53.29±8.39 | 1.561 | 0.119 |
| HbA1c at admission/% | 6.43±1.54 | 6.47±1.96 | 6.43±1.51 | 0.140 | 0.889 |
| TC at admission/(mmol·L-1) | 4.63±1.09 | 4.89±1.25 | 4.61±1.08 | 1.391 | 0.165 |
| LDL-C at admission/(mmol·L-1) | 2.87±0.91 | 3.05±0.91 | 2.85±0.91 | 1.180 | 0.238 |
表1 AMI患者的一般人口学资料及疾病情况的比较
Tab 1 Comparison of general demographic data and disease situation of patients with AMI
| Item | Total (n=454) | Group 1(n=32) | Group 2 (n=422) | t/χ2 value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General demographic data | |||||
| Age/year | 60.10±10.57 | 53.75±13.08 | 60.57±10.20 | 2.884 | 0.007 |
| Gender/n(%) | 0.062 | 0.803 | |||
| Male | 398 (87.7) | 29 (90.6) | 369 (87.4) | ||
| Female | 56 (12.3) | 3 (9.4) | 53 (12.6) | ||
| Marriage/n(%) | 0.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Married | 435 (95.8) | 31 (96.9) | 404 (95.7) | ||
| Unmarried/divorced/widowed | 19 (4.2) | 1 (3.1) | 18 (4.3) | ||
| Religious belief/n(%) | 4.230 | 0.040 | |||
| No | 443 (97.6) | 29 (90.6) | 414 (98.1) | ||
| Yes | 11 (2.4) | 3 (9.4) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Education background/n(%) | 22.761 | 0.000 | |||
| Middle school or below | 198 (43.6) | 5 (15.6) | 193 (45.7) | ||
| High school/technical secondary school | 133 (29.3) | 7 (21.9) | 126 (29.9) | ||
| College or above | 123 (27.1) | 20 (62.5) | 103 (24.4) | ||
| Working state/n(%) | 13.403 | 0.000 | |||
| In-service | 139 (30.6) | 19(59.4) | 120 (28.4) | ||
| Retired/unemployed | 315 (69.4) | 13(40.6) | 302 (71.6) | ||
| Type of medical expenses paid/n(%) | 0.140 | 0.708 | |||
| Health insurance | 357 (78.6) | 26 (81.3) | 331 (78.4) | ||
| Self-paying | 97 (21.4) | 6 (18.8) | 91 (21.6) | ||
| Disease situation | |||||
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions/n(%) | 7.560 | 0.056 | |||
| 1 | 101 (22.2) | 7 (21.9) | 94 (22.3) | ||
| 2 | 127 (28.0) | 13 (40.6) | 114 (27.0) | ||
| 3 | 189 (41.6) | 7 (21.9) | 182 (43.1) | ||
| >3 | 37 (8.1) | 5 (15.6) | 32 (7.6) | ||
| Number of days in CCU/d | 6.07±3.75 | 6.50±3.60 | 6.04±3.77 | 0.671 | 0.503 |
| NT-proBNP at discharge/n(%) | 0.589 | 0.745 | |||
| <300 pg·mL-1 | 39 (8.6) | 3 (9.4) | 36 (8.5) | ||
| 300 pg·mL-1 ‒900 pg·mL-1 | 201 (44.3) | 16 (50.0) | 185 (43.8) | ||
| >900 pg·mL-1 | 214 (47.1) | 13 (40.6) | 201 (47.6) | ||
| LVEF at discharge/% | 53.47±8.36 | 50.91±7.53 | 53.29±8.39 | 1.561 | 0.119 |
| HbA1c at admission/% | 6.43±1.54 | 6.47±1.96 | 6.43±1.51 | 0.140 | 0.889 |
| TC at admission/(mmol·L-1) | 4.63±1.09 | 4.89±1.25 | 4.61±1.08 | 1.391 | 0.165 |
| LDL-C at admission/(mmol·L-1) | 2.87±0.91 | 3.05±0.91 | 2.85±0.91 | 1.180 | 0.238 |
| Factor | Variable | Assignment |
|---|---|---|
| Age | X1 | Actual value |
| Gender | X2 | Male=0; Female=1 |
| Marriage | X3 | Married=0; Unmarried/divorced/widowed=1 |
| Religious belief | X4 | No=0; Yes=1 |
| Education background | X5 | Middle school or below=0; High school/ technical secondary school=1; College or above=2 |
| Working state | X6 | In-service=0; Retired/unemployed=1 |
| Type of medical expenses paid | X7 | Health insurance=0; Self-paying=1 |
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions | X8 | 1=0; 2=1; 3=2; >3=3 |
| Number of days in CCU | X9 | Actual value |
| NT-proBNP at discharge | X10 | <300 (pg·mL-1) =0; 300 (pg·mL-1) -900 (pg·mL-1) =1; >900 (pg·mL-1) =2 |
| LVEF at discharge | X11 | Actual value |
| HbA1c at admission | X12 | Actual value |
| TC at admission | X13 | Actual value |
| LDL-C at admission | X14 | Actual value |
| Enrolled in CRC | Y | No=0; Yes=1 |
表 2 AMI患者于CRC就诊多因素分析的自变量、因变量赋值
Tab 2 Independent and dependent variable assignment for the multi-variable analysis of AMI patients enrolled in CRC
| Factor | Variable | Assignment |
|---|---|---|
| Age | X1 | Actual value |
| Gender | X2 | Male=0; Female=1 |
| Marriage | X3 | Married=0; Unmarried/divorced/widowed=1 |
| Religious belief | X4 | No=0; Yes=1 |
| Education background | X5 | Middle school or below=0; High school/ technical secondary school=1; College or above=2 |
| Working state | X6 | In-service=0; Retired/unemployed=1 |
| Type of medical expenses paid | X7 | Health insurance=0; Self-paying=1 |
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions | X8 | 1=0; 2=1; 3=2; >3=3 |
| Number of days in CCU | X9 | Actual value |
| NT-proBNP at discharge | X10 | <300 (pg·mL-1) =0; 300 (pg·mL-1) -900 (pg·mL-1) =1; >900 (pg·mL-1) =2 |
| LVEF at discharge | X11 | Actual value |
| HbA1c at admission | X12 | Actual value |
| TC at admission | X13 | Actual value |
| LDL-C at admission | X14 | Actual value |
| Enrolled in CRC | Y | No=0; Yes=1 |
| Independent variable | OR | 95%CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.953 | 0.909‒1.000 | 0.048 |
| Religious belief | |||
| No | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Yes | 15.803 | 2.971‒84.055 | 0.001 |
| Education background | |||
| Middle school or below | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| High school/ technical secondary school | 0.220 | 0.059‒0.822 | 0.024 |
| College or above | 0.171 | 0.038‒0.768 | 0.021 |
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions | |||
| 1 | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| 2 | 0.089 | 0.013‒0.604 | 0.013 |
| 3 | 0.509 | 0.125‒2.062 | 0.344 |
| >3 | 0.239 | 0.057‒1.005 | 0.051 |
| LVEF at discharge | 0.925 | 0.874‒0.980 | 0.008 |
| Constant | 223.858 | ‒ | 0.010 |
表3 AMI患者于CRC就诊的Logistic回归分析
Tab 3 Logistic regression analysis of AMI patients enrolled in CRC
| Independent variable | OR | 95%CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.953 | 0.909‒1.000 | 0.048 |
| Religious belief | |||
| No | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Yes | 15.803 | 2.971‒84.055 | 0.001 |
| Education background | |||
| Middle school or below | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| High school/ technical secondary school | 0.220 | 0.059‒0.822 | 0.024 |
| College or above | 0.171 | 0.038‒0.768 | 0.021 |
| Number of cardiac vascular lesions | |||
| 1 | 1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| 2 | 0.089 | 0.013‒0.604 | 0.013 |
| 3 | 0.509 | 0.125‒2.062 | 0.344 |
| >3 | 0.239 | 0.057‒1.005 | 0.051 |
| LVEF at discharge | 0.925 | 0.874‒0.980 | 0.008 |
| Constant | 223.858 | ‒ | 0.010 |
| Item | Before the first visit to CRC | Enrolled in CRC 3 months after discharge | t value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VO2 Peak-VO2/kg/[mL·(min·kg)-1] | 13.89±3.60 | 18.61±4.63 | 7.619 | 0.000 |
| AT-VO2/kg/[mL·(min·kg)-1] | 10.11±1.94 | 11.98±2.37 | 5.510 | 0.000 |
| BMI/(kg·m-2) | 25.37±3.19 | 25.01±2.98 | 3.132 | 0.004 |
| WHR | 0.98±0.09 | 0.94±0.07 | 3.891 | 0.000 |
表4 出院后第1次至CRC就诊前及就诊3个月后患者的心肺功能及体脂测量变化( N=32)
Tab 4 Changes of cardiopulmonary function and body fat measurement in patients before the first visit to CRC and after 3 months in CRC after discharge (N=32)
| Item | Before the first visit to CRC | Enrolled in CRC 3 months after discharge | t value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VO2 Peak-VO2/kg/[mL·(min·kg)-1] | 13.89±3.60 | 18.61±4.63 | 7.619 | 0.000 |
| AT-VO2/kg/[mL·(min·kg)-1] | 10.11±1.94 | 11.98±2.37 | 5.510 | 0.000 |
| BMI/(kg·m-2) | 25.37±3.19 | 25.01±2.98 | 3.132 | 0.004 |
| WHR | 0.98±0.09 | 0.94±0.07 | 3.891 | 0.000 |
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