经颅直流电刺激作用机制的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.07.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation，tDCS）是一种非侵入性脑刺激技术，被广泛用作调节神经系统功能、认知和行为的工具。越来越多的证据表明tDCS在神经精神疾病中有广泛的治疗前景。然而，关于该方法如何产生治疗效果，还有许多不确定的问题。该文重点介绍当前对于tDCS作用机制的相关研究，从即时效应着手，介绍电流改变局部膜电位变化的机制，并从Ca²⁺浓度、神经递质、突触可塑性等方面介绍后遗效应，分析tDCS在神经网络连通性方面产生的影响；回顾tDCS神经生理学方面的研究基础，探讨当前临床研究面临的困境，提出尚未解决的问题。

关键词: 经颅直流电刺激, 作用机制, 突触可塑性

Abstract:

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique,is widely used in improving brain function and behavior. Growing evidence shows its broad therapeutic promise in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is a lot of uncertainty about how this approach works. This review focuses on the current research on the mechanism of tDCS. The immediate effect of tDCS is mainly reflected in the change of membrane potential of neurons, while the aftereffect of tDCS can cause dynamic changes in Ca²⁺ concentration, regulate the release and distribution of various neurotransmitters, directly or indirectly alter synaptic plasticity, and play an important role in the regulation of synaptic metaplasticity. In addition to regional effects, tDCS results in widespread network-level changes across the brain. This review probes into the predicament of current research and puts forward some unsolved problems.

Key words: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), mechanism, synaptic plasticity

中图分类号:

R749.05

王杨, 程佳月, 王振. 经颅直流电刺激作用机制的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 42(7): 952-957.

WANG Yang, CHENG Jiayue, WANG Zhen. Progress in mechanism of transcranial direct current stimulation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(7): 952-957.

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