上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 107-114.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.01.013

• 综述 • 上一篇    

成人抑郁症共病注意缺陷多动障碍机制及经颅直流电刺激应用研究综述

谢宜遐1, 王凡1, 刘熙瑞1, 陈宁宁1, 张文萱2, 吴佳琳2, 马婷2, 洪武1,3,4()   

  1. 1.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心临床六科，上海 200030
    2.上海交通大学医学院临床医学系，上海 200025
    3.上海市重性精神病重点实验室，上海 200030
    4.上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院心理健康管理研究所，上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26 接受日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 洪　武，主任医师，博士，电子信箱：drhongwu@126.com。
  • 作者简介:第一联系人：谢宜遐撰写论文初稿，王凡、刘熙瑞、陈宁宁、张文萱、吴佳琳、马婷对相关内容提出修改建议，洪武审核并指导论文修改。所有作者均阅读并同意了最终稿件的提交。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技创新2030“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200800);上海市“科技创新行动计划”医学创新研究专项(21Y11905600);上海交通大学医学院“大学生创新训练计划”(1723Y223)

Overview of mechanisms of adult major depressive disorder comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the prospects of transcranial direct current stimulation

Xie Yixia1, Wang Fan1, Liu Xirui1, Chen Ningning1, Zhang Wenxuan2, Wu Jialin2, Ma Ting2, Hong Wu1,3,4()   

  1. 1.Sixth Clinical Department, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
    2.Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
    3.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
    4.Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2025-02-26 Accepted:2025-09-15 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2026-01-30
  • Contact: Hong Wu, E-mail: drhongwu@126.com.
  • About author:First author contact:The original manuscript was drafted by Xie Yixia. Wang Fan, Liu Xirui, Chen Ningning, Zhang Wenxuan, Wu Jialin, and Ma Ting proposed modifications to relevant content. Hong Wu reviewed the manuscript and guided the revisions. All authors have read the last version of paper and consented to submission.
  • Supported by:
    National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of Brain Science and Brain-like Research(2021ZD0200800);Shanghai “Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan” Medical Innovation Research(21Y11905600);“College Student Innovation Training Program” of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(1723Y223)

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摘要：

近年来，抑郁症（major depressive disorder，MDD）与注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD）共病的现象愈发受到关注。在成人患者中，MDD共病ADHD通常意味着治疗费用高昂、药物反应欠佳以及疾病预后不良，且现有药物治疗存在一定局限性。考虑到执行功能障碍作为MDD和ADHD的关键共同特征，从执行功能层面出发，探讨共病在脑影像学方面的潜在机制，并寻求更为有效的治疗方法，显得尤为重要。近年来的研究表明，经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation，tDCS）作为一种能够调节特定脑区活动的非侵入性物理治疗方法，可有效改善MDD及成人ADHD的相关症状。该文回顾成人MDD共病ADHD所面临的治疗困境，从与执行功能相关的脑结构、脑功能网络等多个维度，综述成人MDD共病ADHD的可能机制，同时探讨了tDCS在治疗成人MDD共病ADHD的应用前景。

关键词: 抑郁症, 成人, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 执行功能, 神经机制, 经颅直流电刺激

Abstract:

In recent years, the comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received increasing attention. In adult patients, MDD comorbid with ADHD usually implies high treatment costs, poor drug response, and an unfavorable disease prognosis. However, there are certain limitations in current drug therapies. As executive dysfunction is a key shared feature of MDD and ADHD, it is of great importance to explore the potential mechanisms of this comorbidity in terms of neuroimaging and to seek more effective treatment methods from the perspective of executive function. Research in recent years has shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive physical therapy capable of regulating the activity of specific brain regions, can effectively improve relevant symptoms of MDD and adult ADHD. This article aims to review the treatment dilemmas faced by adult patients with MDD comorbid with ADHD, summarize the possible mechanisms underlying this comorbidity from multiple dimensions, such as brain structure and functional networks related to executive function, and simultaneously explore the application prospects of tDCS in the treatment of adult MDD comorbid with ADHD.

Key words: major depressive disorder (MDD), adult, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), executive function, neural mechanism, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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