上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版）

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Exosomes与肾脏生理及疾病

陈春媛1，牛 鑫2，汪 泱1,2   

  1. 1.南昌大学 研究生院医学部，南昌 330006；2.上海交通大学 创伤骨科研究所，上海 200233
  • 出版日期:2014-04-28 发布日期:2014-05-13
  • 作者简介:陈春媛（1989—）， 女， 土家族， 硕士生; 电子信箱: 735050731@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（81170640）

Exosomes and renal physiology and diseases

CHEN Chun-yuan1, NIU Xin2, WANG Yang1,2   

  1. 1.Medical Department of Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China； 2.Institute of Orthopaedic Trauma, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
  • Online:2014-04-28 Published:2014-05-13
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China，81170640

PDF (PC)

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摘要：

胞外体(exosomes)是由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外基质中直径30~100 nm的膜性小囊泡，内含来源细胞的mRNA、miRNA和蛋白质等成分，能反映来源细胞的生物学信息，可能成为潜在的生物学标志物。Exosomes在信号转导、诱导机体抗肿瘤和免疫耐受等方面的作用是近年来研究的热点，并已成为一种新型治疗手段。尿液exosomes与肾脏生理功能及疾病之间有着密切的关系，但其研究尚处于初期阶段。文章就exosomes的生物学特性、生理功能、分离纯化及其在肾脏疾病方面的标志物作用和治疗价值的研究进展作一综述。

关键词: 胞外体, 生物学标志物, 抗肿瘤, 免疫耐受, 肾脏疾病

Abstract:

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted into extracellular matrix after the fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies and cell membrane and their diameters are between 30-100 nm. Exosomes contain mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins of source cells that can represent biological information of source cells, so they are potential biological markers. Effects of exosomes on signal transduction, inducing anti-tumor responses, and immunologic tolerance responses, etc. become research hotspots in recent years and have been used in new treatments. The urinary exosomes are closely related to the physiological functions and diseases of kidneys. However, the research in this field is only in early stages. This review aims to summarize the research developments of biological characters, physiological functions, separation and purification of exosomes, and their effects as biological markers and treatment values for kidney diseases.

Key words: exosomes, biological markers, anti-tumor, immunologic tolerance, kidney diseases