基于纳米颗粒靶向细菌的策略及机制的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗生素耐药危机是全球公共卫生中最紧迫的问题之一。为了解决细菌对抗生素的耐药危机，近年来越来越多的生物纳米材料被应用于抗菌领域。纳米颗粒（nanoparticles，NPs）是一类大小在纳米尺度的材料，与传统抗菌药物相比具有独特的优势，但NPs应用于人体依然面临靶向性不高以及对其他组织脏器的损害问题。靶向治疗除了能提高疗效外，还允许使用较低浓度的高毒性药物，从而减少药物毒性和健康组织的不良反应，因此如何提高NPs对细菌的靶向性，是当今医疗卫生领域面临的重要问题。该文首先对NPs做一概述，然后从表面功能化、环境响应和细胞膜仿生修饰3种常用的细菌靶向策略出发，介绍其基本机制及最新研究成果，并总结每种策略的优劣势以及未来主要的发展方向，以期提供该领域发展情况的大略图景，为抗菌药物的靶向治疗策略提供新的思路。

关键词: 纳米颗粒, 靶向, 表面功能化, 刺激响应, 仿生

Abstract:

The crisis of antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing problems in global public health. To solve the crisis of antibiotic resistance, more and more biological nanomaterials are applied to antimicrobial in recent years. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a class of nanoscale materials with unique advantages compared with traditional antibacterial drugs. However, the application of nanoparticles still faces the dilemma of poor targeting ability and the possible damage to normal tissue. In addition to improving efficacy, targeted therapies allow us to use lower concentrations of highly toxic drugs, thereby reducing the toxic side effects on healthy tissue. Therefore, how to improve the targeting of NPs to bacteria is an important issue today. This article will give an overall introduction to nanoparticles first. Surface modification, stimuli-responsiveness and biomimetic modification of cell membrane, three common bacterial targeting strategies will be introduced later, including their basic mechanisms and the latest findings. The advantages and disadvantages of the three strategies and their future direction will also be summarized. A general picture of the developments in this field will be provided to readers, and it is hoped that new ideas for targeting bacteria will emerge in the future.

Key words: nanoparticle (NP), targeting, surface modification, stimuli-responsive, biomimetics

中图分类号:

R318.08

骆智渊, 石亭旺, 阮泽松, 陈云丰. 基于纳米颗粒靶向细菌的策略及机制的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 42(6): 819-824.

LUO Zhiyuan, SHI Tingwang, RUAN Zesong, CHEN Yunfeng. Reaearch progress of strategies and mechanisms of targeting bacteria based on nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(6): 819-824.

图/表 1

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Category	Advantages	Disadvantages
Surface modification	High targeting efficiency，various forms	Short circulation， safety problems
Stimuli-responsive	Diverse conditions， simpler and more reproducible	Technology limitations to provide stimulus
Biomimetic modification of cell membrane	Prolonged circulation time， cell-specific targeting， detoxification	Technological complexity， lack of raw materials

Category	Advantages	Disadvantages
Surface modification	High targeting efficiency，various forms	Short circulation， safety problems
Stimuli-responsive	Diverse conditions， simpler and more reproducible	Technology limitations to provide stimulus
Biomimetic modification of cell membrane	Prolonged circulation time， cell-specific targeting， detoxification	Technological complexity， lack of raw materials

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