上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2023, 43(1): 20-28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.003

论著 · 基础研究

微RNA-30b-5p通过靶向Atg5抑制多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞自噬

王雪敏,1, 王亚楠2, 牛爱琴1, 叶英1, 李飞1

1.河南省商丘市第一人民医院生殖医学中心,商丘 476005

2.郑州大学第三附属医院妇产科,郑州 450014

MicroRNA-30b-5p inhibits autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome rats by targeting Atg5

WANG Xuemin,1, WANG Yanan2, NIU Aiqin1, YE Ying1, LI Fei1

1.Reproductive Medicine Center, Shangqiu First People′s Hospital, Henan Province, Shangqiu 476005, China

2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China

通讯作者: 同上。

编委: 邵碧云

收稿日期: 2022-06-15   接受日期: 2022-11-03   网络出版日期: 2023-01-16

基金资助: 2020年河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目.  LHGJ20200933

Corresponding authors: WANG Xuemin, E-mail:wonder7878@163.com.

Received: 2022-06-15   Accepted: 2022-11-03   Online: 2023-01-16

作者简介 About authors

王雪敏(1987—),女,主治医师,硕士;电子信箱:wonder7878@163.com。 E-mail:wonder7878@163.com

摘要

目的·探究microRNA-30b-5p(miR-30b-5p)在多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)大鼠中的表达及miR-30b-5p过表达对卵巢颗粒细胞(granulosa cell,GC)自噬的影响。方法·采用脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)建立PCOS大鼠模型,实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)和Western blotting检测正常组和PCOS组大鼠卵巢组织中miR-30b-5p和自噬相关蛋白5同源物(autophagy-associated protein 5 homologue,Atg5)的表达。分离并培养原代PCOS大鼠卵巢GC,分为对照组、miR-NC组、miR-30b-5p过表达组、miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-NC组、miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组,另取正常组大鼠卵巢GC为空白组;将miR-30b-5p mimic和pcDNA3.1-Atg5及相应的阴性对照转染到细胞中,转染48 h后,qRT-PCR检测各组细胞中miR-30b-5p和Atg5 mRNA表达,验证转染效果。CCK-8及流式细胞仪分别检测细胞活力和凋亡率;免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)阳性表达;Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白Atg5、p62、Beclin-1和LC3蛋白表达。结果·PCOS组大鼠卵巢组织中miR-30b-5p表达水平显著低于正常组,Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平显著高于正常组(均P=0.000)。转染后,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC中miR-30b-5p水平、细胞凋亡率、p62蛋白水平显著降低,Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平、细胞增殖活性、LC3阳性细胞百分比、Beclin-1蛋白水平和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值显著升高(均P=0.000);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC中miR-30b-5p水平、细胞凋亡率、p62蛋白水平显著升高,Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平、细胞增殖活性、LC3阳性细胞百分比、Beclin-1蛋白水平和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值显著降低(均P=0.000)。上调Atg5可明显减弱miR-30b-5p过表达对卵巢GC增殖和自噬的抑制作用(均P=0.000)。结论·MiR-30b-5p在PCOS中呈低表达;过表达miR-30b-5p可抑制PCOS大鼠卵巢GC增殖和自噬,促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制Atg5表达有关。

关键词: 多囊卵巢综合征 ; microRNA-30b-5p ; 自噬 ; 自噬相关蛋白5同源物 ; 增殖 ; 凋亡

Abstract

Objective ·To explore the expression of microRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats and the effect of miR-30b-5p overexpression on ovarian granulosa cell (GC) autophagy. Methods ·Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was performed to establish a PCOS rat model, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to measure the expression of miR-30b-5p and autophagy-associated protein 5 homologue (Atg5) in the ovarian tissues of the normal group and PCOS group. Primary PCOS rat ovarian GCs were isolated and cultured, and divided into control group, miR-NC group, miR-30b-5p overexpression group, miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group, and miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. In addition, the ovarian GC of the normal group was taken as the blank group. MiR-30b-5p mimic, pcDNA3.1-Atg5 and the corresponding negative control were transfected into the cells, and 48 h after transfection, qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of miR-30b-5p and Atg5 mRNA of cells in each group to verify the transfection effect. CCK-8 and flow cytometer were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rate, respectively; immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the positive expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in each group. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of autophagy-related proteins Atg5, p62, Beclin-1 and LC3. Results ·The expression level ofmiR-30b-5pin the ovarian tissue of the PCOS group was significantly lower than that of the normal group, and the levels of Atg5 mRNA and protein were significantly higher than those of the normal group (all P=0.000). After transfection, compared with the blank group, the miR-30b-5p level, apoptosis rate, and p62 protein level in the ovarian GC of the control group were significantly reduced, the Atg5 mRNA and protein levels, cell proliferation activity, LC3 positive cell percentage, Beclin-1 protein level and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased (all P=0.000). Compared with the control group, the miR-30b-5p level, apoptosis rate, and p62 protein level in the ovarian GC of the miR-30b-5p overexpression group were significantly increased, and the Atg5 mRNA and protein levels, cell proliferation activity, LC3 positive cell percentage, Beclin-1 protein level and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly reduced (all P=0.000). Up-regulation of Atg5 can significantly attenuate the inhibitory effect of miR-30b-5p overexpression on ovarian GC proliferation and autophagy (all P=0.000). Conclusion ·MiR-30b-5p is lowly expressed in PCOS; overexpression of miR-30b-5p can inhibit the proliferation and autophagy of ovarian GC in PCOS rats, and promote cell apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Atg5 expression.

Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome ; microRNA-30b-5p ; autophagy ; autophagy-associated protein 5 homologue(Atg5) ; proliferation ; apoptosis

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本文引用格式

王雪敏, 王亚楠, 牛爱琴, 叶英, 李飞. 微RNA-30b-5p通过靶向Atg5抑制多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞自噬. 上海交通大学学报(医学版)[J], 2023, 43(1): 20-28 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.003

WANG Xuemin, WANG Yanan, NIU Aiqin, YE Ying, LI Fei. MicroRNA-30b-5p inhibits autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome rats by targeting Atg5. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2023, 43(1): 20-28 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.003

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是内分泌代谢紊乱性疾病之一,在育龄妇女中非常普遍1。尽管越来越多的证据表明环境和遗传因素都与PCOS的发病相关,但在分子水平上PCOS的病因仍不清楚。颗粒细胞(granular cell,GC)是卵泡发生过程中必不可少的,在卵巢卵泡发育过程中,GC增殖并逐渐分化以支持卵母细胞成熟和排卵2。卵巢GC过度自噬可能导致PCOS的发生。据报道3-4,PCOS患者卵巢GC中自噬相关蛋白5同源物(autophagy associated protein 5 homologue,Atg5)、Atg7Beclin-1的mRNA水平和自噬标志蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)/LC3Ⅰ比率显著增加。在PCOS大鼠的卵巢组织中也可观察到自噬增强,且GC增殖增加5。通过抑制自噬来抑制卵巢GC的增殖,并促进凋亡,可改善PCOS6。因此,抑制卵巢GC自噬异常激活的方法可能为PCOS提供新的治疗策略。

微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)通过与特定信使RNA(mRNA)的3′-非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)结合来负调控mRNA稳定性和/或抑制mRNA翻译。最近的研究表明miRNA在PCOS的病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用7,并参与卵巢GC自噬与凋亡的调节8。miR-30b-5p是一种已知的可抑制溶酶体生物发生和自噬的miRNA9;下调miR-30b-5p可促进Atg5和Beclin-1表达,从而激活自噬10。通过Starbase v2.0(http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/index.php)数据库预测到miR-30b-5p与Atg5的3′-UTR存在互补序列,即miR-30b-5p是Atg5的潜在靶向调节因子。此外,有研究证实Atg5是miR-30b-5p的靶标11。然而,miR-30b-5p在PCOS发病中的作用及机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在探讨miR-30b-5p在PCOS中的表达及其对卵巢GC自噬的影响,并分析其潜在机制。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物

SPF级雌性SD大鼠30只,6周龄,体质量(180±20)g,购自中国科学院上海药物研究所,生产许可证号为SCXK(沪)2020-0005;所有大鼠饲养在郑州大学实验动物中心,使用许可证号为SYXK(豫)2020-0008。饲养温度(23±2)℃,湿度(60±10)%,12 h光暗循环;自由摄食和摄水。

1.2 主要试剂和仪器

脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。兔源一抗促卵泡激素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR;PA5-50963)、Atg5(MA5-32289)、p62(PA5-20839)、Beclin-1(PA1-16857)、LC3A/LC3B(PA1-16931)、Alexa Fluor® 647标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗(A-21244)购自美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司。Ts2-FC倒置荧光显微镜(日本Nikon公司),FACScan流式细胞仪(美国BD Biosciences公司),Mx3005P实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative,qRT-PCR)仪(美国Stratagene公司),LSM 900激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(德国ZEISS公司)。

1.3 实验方法

1.3.1 PCOS模型的建立

将大鼠随机分为正常组和PCOS组,每组15只。PCOS组大鼠参照文献12方法造模:连续21 d皮下注射DHEA(6 mg/100 g,溶于0.2 mL豆油)。从第16 日开始进行阴道涂片检查,观察阴道涂片,记录大鼠的发情周期,连续出现角质细胞(动情周期紊乱),并经卵巢病理切片检测显示卵巢有多囊改变13,提示造模成功。正常组大鼠正常饲养。注射DHEA第21日,将大鼠禁食12 h后称重,摘取卵巢组织备用;并分离卵巢GC14

1.3.2 卵巢GC的分离与培养

取出正常组和PCOS组大鼠卵巢并置于无血清高糖DMEM培养基中,去除脂肪和结缔组织。将卵巢洗涤并悬浮在DMEM/F12培养基中,然后在显微镜下用细针穿刺卵泡,将GC释放到培养基中。然后,轻吹数次以分散细胞,再通过200目尼龙网过滤纯化。将收集的GC离心(200×g,5 min),弃去上清液,将细胞重新悬浮在新鲜的DMEM培养基中,在37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养。在倒置荧光显微镜下观察细胞形态。

1.3.3 FSHR免疫荧光染色鉴定大鼠卵巢GC

将细胞爬片切成适当大小,在浓硫酸中浸泡一夜,然后用自来水冲洗5次,灭菌备用。将细胞爬片置于无菌条件下的24孔培养板中,加入细胞悬液进行培养。待细胞长至70%汇合时取出爬片,4%多聚甲醛固定20 min,PBS洗3次,加入0.3% H2O2,并在室温下孵育30 min以去除内源性过氧化物。然后,加入0.2% Triton X-100孵育5 min。接下来,用10%山羊血清封闭30 min后,将细胞与FSHR一抗(1∶200)在4 ℃下孵育过夜。用PBS洗涤3次后,将Alexa Fluor® 647标记的二抗IgG(1∶200)加入细胞爬片中,室温避光孵育1 h。DAPI染核,二甲苯透明,封片;光学显微镜下观察FSHR阳性表达细胞并计数,以证明成功分离卵巢GC。

1.3.4 细胞转染

将卵巢GC以每孔2×105个细胞的密度接种于6孔板中,分组为:空白组(正常组大鼠卵巢GC),PCOS大鼠卵巢GC分为对照组、miR-NC组(转染miR-30b-5p mimic的阴性对照miR-NC)、miR-30b-5p过表达组(转染miR-30b-5p mimic)、miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-NC组(miR-30b-5p mimic和pcDNA3.1-Atg5阴性对照空载体质粒共转染)、miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组(miR-30b-5p mimic和pcDNA3.1-Atg5质粒共转染),待细胞生长密度达90%以上时,使用Lipofectamine 3000试剂进行转染。每组设置6个重复。收集转染48 h的细胞,qRT-PCR检测各组细胞中miR-30b-5p和Atg5 mRNA表达,检测方法见“1.3.5”;并采用Western blotting检测Atg5的蛋白表达,检测方法见“1.3.9”。

1.3.5 qRT-PCR检测卵巢组织/细胞中miR-30b-5p和Atg5 mRNA表达

为明确miR-30b-5p和Atg5 mRNA在卵巢组织和细胞中的表达水平,使用Trizol试剂从卵巢组织和培养细胞中提取总RNA,并将RNA反转录为cDNA。使用miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit扩增miRNA;使用SYBR Premix ExTaq扩增mRNA。条件如下:95 ℃初始变性3 min,然后95 ℃ 5 s、60 ℃ 20 s、72 ℃ 15 s,40个循环。U6、β-actin作为参考基因以标准化目的基因的表达(表1);采用2- ΔΔCT方法进行定量。另采用Western blotting检测Atg5蛋白表达,检测方法见“1.3.9”。

表1   用于qRT-PCR的引物序列

Tab 1  Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR

GeneForward primer (5′→3′)Reverse primer (5′→3′)Length/bp
miR-30b-5pGCG CTG TAA ACA TCC TAC ACGTG CAG GGT CCG AGG T245
Atg5TGA CCA GTT TTG GAC CAT CAAGG GTA TGC AGC TGT CCA TC158
β-actinCTA AGG CCA ACC GTG AAA AGACC AGA GGC ATA CAG GGA CA143
U6CTC GCT TCG GCA GCA CAT ATA CTACG CTT CAG AAT TTG CGT GTC129

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1.3.6 CCK-8法检测细胞活力

采用CCK-8法检测miR-30b-5p对GC增殖的影响。将GC以每孔4 000个细胞的密度接种到96孔板中,并孵育直至细胞贴壁,然后,这些接种的细胞分别在转染后培养24、48和72 h,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,继续培养2 h。使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下检测各孔的光密度[D(450 nm)]值。每组设置6个重复。

1.3.7 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡

使用膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)-异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)/碘化丙啶(propidium iodid,PI)凋亡试剂盒检测miR-30b-5p对GC细胞凋亡的影响。将细胞(1×105个/mL)收集在不同的管中,用荧光染料Annexin V-FITC和PI各5 μL在25 ℃避光染色20 min。随后,将染色的细胞用冷的PBS洗涤并悬浮,在1 h内对细胞进行流式细胞术分析。每组设置6个重复。

1.3.8 免疫荧光LC3染色

免疫荧光法检测miR-30b-5p对GC自噬的影响。将细胞接种到带有无菌盖玻片的24孔培养板中,在4 ℃下用4%多聚甲醛固定20 min,然后用0.1% Triton X-100透化并在室温下用3%牛血清白蛋白封闭20 min。用PBS洗涤3次后,将细胞与LC3一抗(1∶100)在4 ℃下孵育过夜,然后与荧光二抗(1∶200)在室温下避光孵育1 h。随后将细胞用DAPI避光染色3 min以观察细胞核。密封后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察。每组设置6个重复。

1.3.9 Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白Atg5、p62、Beclin-1和LC3的表达

Western blotting检测miR-30b-5p对GC中自噬相关蛋白(Atg5、p62、Beclin-1和LC3)表达的影响。收集各组细胞,并取出卵巢组织(仅用于检测Atg5蛋白表达),加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液提取细胞和卵巢组织中的总蛋白。在12 000×g、4 ℃下离心10 min后,收集上清液,使用BCA法测量蛋白质浓度。然后将蛋白样品与5×上样缓冲液混合并在沸水中加热10 min以使蛋白质变性。样品在SDS-PAGE凝胶中分离,然后转移到PVDF膜上。膜用5%脱脂牛奶封闭,然后在相应的抗体溶液(Atg5、p62、Beclin-1、LC3、β-actin,均以1∶1 000稀释)中孵育过夜。洗涤后,将膜与二抗(1∶4 000)在室温下孵育1 h。增强化学发光法(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)显色,用Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析蛋白质条带灰度,并以β-actin为内参蛋白,计算目的蛋白的相对表达水平。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS 22.0软件,数据均以x¯±s表示。2组数据比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 miR-30b-5pPCOS大鼠卵巢组织中呈低表达,Atg5表达升高

qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测卵巢组织中miR-30b-5p及Atg5 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,结果(图1)显示,miR-30b-5p在PCOS组中的表达显著低于正常组(P=0.000),而Atg5的mRNA和蛋白水平显著高于正常组(均P=0.000)。

图1

图1   miR-30b-5pAtg5PCOS大鼠卵巢组织中的表达

Note: A. Expression of miR-30b-5p. B. Expression of Atg5 mRNA. C. Expression of Atg5 protein. D. Detection of Atg5 protein in ovarian tissue by Western blotting. P=0.000, compared with the normal group.

Fig 1   Expression of miR-30b-5p and Atg5 in ovarian tissue of PCOS rats


2.2 卵巢GC的鉴定

分别从正常组和PCOS组大鼠卵巢中分离出正常和PCOS模型GC,可见正常组GC呈多边形或梭形,细胞间由伪足连接在一起;PCOS组细胞呈多形性或纤维状,与正常组卵巢GC相比,PCOS组卵巢GC核大而圆,细胞数量增多,细胞一起生长(图2A)。FSHR位于卵巢GC的细胞膜上,免疫荧光检测结果(图2B)显示,FSHR在细胞膜上呈红色,在细胞核内不呈红色,FSHR蛋白在大鼠卵巢GC的平均阳性表达量94.05%(>90%)。证明分离的原代大鼠卵巢GC纯度高,可用于后续实验。

图2

图2   原代大鼠卵巢GC的鉴定(×200)

Note: A. Morphology of ovarian GC. B. Identification of ovarian GC. Red fluorescence represents FSHR positive; blue fluorescence represents DAPI-stained nuclei; FSHR can be seen expressed on the cell membrane.

Fig 2   Identification of primary rat ovarian GC (×200)


2.3 过表达miR-30b-5p降低大鼠卵巢GCAtg5的表达水平

图3所示,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC中miR-30b-5p水平显著降低,Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高(均P=0.000);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC中miR-30b-5p水平显著升高,Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(均P=0.000);与miR-30b-5p过表达组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组卵巢GC中Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高(均P=0.000)。

图3

图3   各组大鼠卵巢GCmiR-30b-5pAtg5水平比较

Note:A. Relative expression of miR-30b-5p. B. Relative expression of Atg5 mRNA. C. Relative expression of Atg5 protein. D. Western blotting to detect the expression of Atg5 protein in ovarian GC of rats in each group. a—blank group; b—control group; c—miR-NC group; d—miR-30b-5p overexpression group; e—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group; f—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. P=0.000, compared with the blank group; P=0.000, compared with the control group; P=0.000, compared with the miR-30b-5p overexpression group.

Fig 3   Comparison of miR-30b-5p and Atg5 levels in ovarian GC of rats in each group


2.4 过表达miR-30b-5p降低大鼠卵巢GC增殖活性

图4所示,转染48、72 h时,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC增殖活性显著升高(P=0.012,P=0.008);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC增殖活性显著降低(P=0.027,P=0.027);与miR-30b-5p过表达组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组卵巢GC增殖活性显著升高(P=0.047,P=0.044)。

图4

图4   各组大鼠卵巢GC增殖活性

Note: a—blank group; b—control group; c—miR-NC group; d—miR-30b-5p overexpression group; e—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group; f—miR-30b-5poverexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. P=0.012, P=0.008, compared with the blank group; P=0.027, compared with the control group; P=0.047, P=0.044, compared with the miR-30b-5p overexpression group.

Fig 4   Proliferative activity of rat ovarian GC in each group


2.5 过表达miR-30b-5p抑制大鼠卵巢GC凋亡

图5所示,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC凋亡率显著降低(P=0.000);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC凋亡率显著升高(P=0.000);与miR-30b-5p过表达组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组卵巢GC凋亡率显著降低(P=0.000)。

图5

图5   各组大鼠卵巢GC凋亡水平

Note:A. Detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry. B. GC apoptosis rate in each group. a—blank group; b—control group; c—miR-NC group; d—miR-30b-5p overexpression group; e—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group; f—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. P=0.000, compared with the blank group; P=0.000, compared with the control group; P=0.000, compared with the miR-30b-5p overexpression group.

Fig 5   Apoptosis levels of ovarian GC in rats in each group


2.6 过表达miR-30b-5p降低大鼠卵巢GCLC3阳性表达

图6所示,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC中LC3阳性细胞百分比显著升高(P=0.000);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC中LC3阳性细胞百分比显著降低(P=0.002);与miR-30b-5p过表达组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组卵巢GC中LC3阳性细胞百分比显著升高(P=0.010)。

图6

图6   各组大鼠卵巢GCLC3阳性表达

Note:A. Immunofluorescence LC3 staining (×400). B. LC3 positive cells in each group. a—blank group; b—control group; c—miR-NC group; d—miR-30b-5p overexpression group; e—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group; f—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. P=0.000, P=0.002, compared with the blank group; P=0.002, P=0.001, compared with the control group; P=0.010, compared with the miR-30b-5p overexpression group.

Fig 6   Positive expression of LC3 in rat ovarian GC in each group


2.7 过表达miR-30b-5p提高大鼠卵巢GCp62蛋白表达,降低Beclin-1LC3蛋白表达

图7所示,与空白组相比,对照组卵巢GC中Beclin-1蛋白水平和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值显著升高,p62蛋白水平显著降低(均P=0.000);与对照组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达组卵巢GC中Beclin-1蛋白水平和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值显著降低,p62蛋白水平显著升高(均P=0.000);与miR-30b-5p过表达组相比,miR-30b-5p过表达+pcDNA3.1-Atg5组Beclin-1蛋白水平和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值显著升高,p62蛋白水平显著降低(均P=0.000)。

图7

图7   各组大鼠卵巢GCp62Beclin-1LC3蛋白表达

Note:A. Relative expression of p62 protein. B. Relative expression of Beclin-1 protein. C. Relative expression of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ. D. Western blotting to detect protein expression in ovarian GC of rats in each group. a—blank group; b—control group; c—miR-NC group; d—miR-30b-5p overexpression group; e—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-NC group; f—miR-30b-5p overexpression+pcDNA3.1-Atg5 group. P=0.000, compared with the blank group; P=0.000, compared with the control group; P=0.000, compared with the miR-30b-5p overexpression group.

Fig 7   Expression of p62, Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins in ovarian GC of rats in each group


3 讨论

近年来,miRNA被认为是基因表达的重要调节因子,与多种疾病密切相关,可作为疾病诊断和预后的优良指标。本研究选择了miR-30b-5p作为研究起点,并确定了其在PCOS大鼠模型中的差异表达水平;进一步的体外功能实验表明,miR-30b-5p过表达可通过抑制自噬来抑制GC增殖,并促进细胞凋亡;这些变化可能会抑制PCOS的发展。在生物信息学工具的帮助下,上述功能的潜在承载者被预测并确认为Atg511。本研究首次证实了miR-30b-5p对PCOS的影响。

miR-30b-5p是一种miRNA,在多种疾病的治疗中发挥作用,可调节自噬。例如,GUO等9研究显示,在小鼠肝脏中过表达miR-30b-5p可通过与细胞核中的CLEAR元件结合抑制转录因子EB(TFEB)下游基因的转录,进一步抑制溶酶体生物发生和自噬通量。LIU等11发现miR-30b-5p的抑制与肝细胞癌中自噬启动子相关;而升高miR-30b-5p表达可通过抑制自噬,增强前列腺癌的放射敏感性15。本研究结果显示,miR-30b-5p在PCOS模型大鼠卵巢组织及其GC中呈低表达,这提示miR-30b-5p的异常表达可能参与PCOS的发生发展。为了验证此推论,本研究通过将过表达miR-30b-5p的质粒转染到PCOS大鼠卵巢GC中以上调miR-30b-5p。结果显示,上调miR-30b-5p表达后卵巢GC的增殖和自噬明显受到抑制,且凋亡增加;与以往的研究91115结果一致。这提示miR-30b-5p过表达可抑制自噬,miR-30b-5p可能是PCOS的潜在治疗靶点。

已有研究证实Atg5在PCOS患者卵泡中表达明显升高,且主要在卵泡GC中表达;降低Beclin-1、Atg5和LC3Ⅱ水平,抑制GC自噬,可促进卵泡发育,减轻PCOS大鼠的排卵障碍16。生物信息学预测显示Atg5是miR-30b-5p的靶基因;SUN等10研究也证实,敲低miR-30b-5p可促进Atg5和Beclin-1表达,激活自噬。在本研究中,我们发现PCOS大鼠卵巢组织和GC中miR-30b-5p表达降低的同时伴随着Atg5 mRNA和蛋白水平的升高,而上调miR-30b-5p后,Atg5及其他自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值均降低,p62表达升高;说明miR-30b-5p的过表达可抑制自噬。为了验证miR-30b-5p对自噬的调节机制,本研究在过表达miR-30b-5p的基础上,采用质粒转染上调Atg5表达;结果显示,Atg5的上调可明显减弱miR-30b-5p过表达对卵巢GC增殖和自噬的抑制作用。这提示miR-30b-5p可能通过抑制Atg5表达影响PCOS的发生发展。

综上所述,miR-30b-5p在PCOS中呈低表达,上调PCOS大鼠卵巢GC中miR-30b-5p表达可抑制PCOS大鼠卵巢GC增殖和自噬,并促进凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制Atg5表达有关。本研究为miR-30b-5p在PCOS中的作用研究奠定了一定基础,有助于加深对PCOS发病机制的理解,同时为PCOS的治疗提供新思路。未观察miR-30b-5p对PCOS大鼠卵巢GC细胞形态结构变化和生化特征的影响是本研究存在的不足,在后续的研究中会进行补充;此外,在未来的研究中将结合体内动物实验以进一步确定miR-30b-5p在PCOS发展过程中对卵巢功能的影响。

作者贡献声明

王雪敏和牛爱琴参与实验设计;王雪敏、王亚楠、叶英完成实验操作;王雪敏、王亚楠、叶英、李飞参与论文的写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed by WANG Xuemin and NIU Aiqin. The experimental operation was completed by WANG Xuemin, WANG Yanan and YE Ying. The manuscript was drafted and revised by WANG Xuemin, WANG Yanan, YE Ying and LI Fei. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

利益冲突声明

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

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