Table of Content

28 August 2011, Volume 31 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Editorial
Monographic report (Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)
Original article (Basic research)
Original article (Clinical research)
Original article (Preventive medicine)
Original article (Public health administration)
Review
Brief original article
Clinical experience


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Editorial

Select

Current situation and prospects of translational medicine in ophthalmology FAN Xian-qun, XU Xiao-fang 2011, 31 (8):  1057.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.001 Abstract ( 3035 )   PDF (4466KB) ( 2785 )   Translational medicine is a two-way research system between basic research and clinical medicine. It converts the problems found in clinic into the directions of basic research, and then quickly promotes the clinical applications of basic scientific research. It is a two-way, cyclic, upward and endless process. Applications of translational medicine in ophthalmology include therapy for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, studies of artificial cornea and corneal stem cell markers, construction of engineering bone tissues in surgical repair of orbital fracture, genic location of genetic eye diseases and development of new drugs. Translational research in ophthalmology is at the exploratory stage, and there are still many issues to be addressed. Related Articles | Metrics

Monographic report (Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)

Select

Fornix reconstruction with oral mucosal graft, conjunctival autograft and amniotic membrane transplantation after chemical and thermal burns on ocular surface LI Jin, LIN Ming, FU Yao, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1061.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.002 Abstract ( 2405 )   PDF (5634KB) ( 1747 )   Objective To observe the outcomes of symblepharon relief and fornix reconstruction with oral mucosal graft, conjunctival autograft and amniotic membrane transplantation after chemical and thermal burns on ocular surface. Methods The clinical data of 17 patients (18 eyes) with symblepharon after chemical and thermal burns on ocular surface were collected. There were 2 eyes with burn of degree Ⅱ, 14 eyes with burn of degree Ⅲ, and 2 eyes with burn of degree Ⅳ. After relief of symblepharon, palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva defects were reconstructed by oral mucosal graft. Limbal autograft was conducted to restore limbal injury, and amniotic membrane transplantation was performed to cover the cornea till fornix. Palpebral movement was restricted within one week after surgery. The conditions after surgery and follow-up data were reviewed, the outcomes (overall success, partial success and failure) were analysed, and the success rate of surgery was calculated. Results Patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months (median, 15.24 months). Overall success was achieved in 12 patients, with the same depth of fornix as the healthy eye, no adhesion and scar, and unlimited eyeball movement. Partial success was achieved in 3 patients, with regional scar hyperplasia, slightly narrow fornix, and depth of fornix over 2/3 of normal one. The success rate of surgery was 88.24%. Failure occurred in 2 patients, with recurrence of symblepharon, and disappearance of fornix. Conclusion Favorable outcome can be achieved with oral mucosal graft, conjunctival autograft and amniotic membrane transplantation in relief of symblepharon and reconstruction of fornix after chemical and thermal burns on ocular surface. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Outcomes of reconstruction of posterior eyelid defect with hard palate mucosa grafts ZHU Hui-min, LI Zheng-kang, SUN Ying, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1065.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.003 Abstract ( 2004 )   PDF (5697KB) ( 1505 )   Objective To observe the effects and safety of reconstruction of posterior eyelid (tarsal conjunctiva) defect with hard palate mucosa grafts. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 17 patients with posterior eyelid defect undergoing construction with autologous hard palate mucosa grafts were retrospectively analysed. Among the 17 patients, 10 were males (10 eyes), the other 7 were females (7 eyes), and all patients aged between 21 to 79 years. Ten cases were caused by eyelid tumor, 2 by chemical damage, 3 by trauma and 2 by eyelid retraction after socket reconstruction. There were 9 cases of upper eyelid defect and 8 cases of lower eyelid defect. During the follow up, the appearance of eyelid and the corneal irritation symptoms were observed, and the corneal epithelium was observed under slit lamp. Results Patients were followed up for 3 months to 3 years. All patients had an ideal appearance of eyelid. There was no discomfort in patients with construction of lower eyelid defect. Some patients with construction of upper eyelid defect suffered from conjunctival congestion and foreign body sensation, and corneal abrasion was observed under slit lamp. These symptoms disappeared after local symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Hard palate mucosa has intact epithelial tissues and similar toughness to tarsus, can provide an effective reconstruction of posterior eyelid defect, and has a good effect to support the lower eyelid. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical observation of surgical treatment of traumatic dacryocystitis and inner canthal deformity in one stage SUN Ying, FAN Xian-qun, ZHOU Hui-fang 2011, 31 (8):  1069.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.004 Abstract ( 1995 )   PDF (4272KB) ( 1686 )   Objective To investigate the surgical methods and effectiveness of treatment of traumatic dacryocystitis and inner canthal deformity in one stage. Methods The clinical data of 17 patients with unilateral traumatic dacryocystitis and inner canthal displacement were retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent dacryocystorhinostomy combined with inner canthoplasty by inner canthal ligament fixation. During the dacryocystorhinostomy, a bone window was cut under the new inner canthus according to the position of contralateral inner canthus. A hole was drilled above the bone window, which was used to fix the inner canthal ligament. All patients were followed up for 6 months, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results Favorable outcomes were achieved in all the 17 patients after surgery. The position of inner canthus of the injury side was symmetrical to the normal side, and the lacrimal ducts were unobstructed. Six months after operation, slight retreat of the inner canthus occurred in 2 patients, and the appearance of the other patients was fine, with the recovery rate of inner canthal deformity of 88.2%. No recurrence of lacrimal duct obstruction was found during follow up, and the recovery rate of dacryocystitis was 100%. Conclusion Dacryocystorhinostomy combined with inner canthoplasty by canthal ligament fixation are effective to patients with traumatic dacryocystitis and inner canthal deformity, which can lead to favorable and stable results. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical observations of monofocal intraocular lens and multifocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery JI Jing, LUO Min, FAN Xian-qun, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1073.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.005 Abstract ( 2336 )   PDF (4951KB) ( 2049 )   Objective To compare the vision performance of foldable monofocal intraocular lens (IOLs) (AcrySof Natural) with foldable multifocal IOLs (ReSTOR) implantation in cataract surgery in the elderly. Methods Fifty-one patients (64 eyes) with age-related cataract were selected, and were implanted with foldable multifocal IOLs (ReSTOR) (observation group, 24 patients, 30 eyes) or foldable monofocal IOLs (AcrySof Natural)(control group, 27 patients, 34 eyes). The best corrected distant vision acuity, uncorrected near vision acuity, amplitude of pseudoaccommodation, contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration were measured 1 week, 1 month and 3 month after surgery. Results Three months after surgery, there was no significant difference in the percent of patients with best corrected distant vision acuity ≥4.7 between observation group and control group (93.3% vs 73%, P＞0.05), there were significant differences in the percent of patients with uncorrected near vision acuity ≥4.5 between observation group and control group (86.6% vs 11.1%, P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the amplitude of pseudoaccommodation between observation group and control group [(-3.14±0.91) D vs (-1.03±0.33) D, P＜0.01]. One week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery, there were significant differences in contrast sensitivity between two groups for all spatial frequencies (P<0.05). The wavefront aberration examinations revealed that there were significant differences in root mean square value and Z04(P＜0.05) and there was no significant difference in Z-13 and Z13 between two groups at small pupils (P＞0.05), and there were significant differences in root mean square value and Z-13 between two groups at big pupils (P＜0.05).  Conclusion Foldable multifocal IOLs (ReSTOR) implantation may lead to favorable distant and near vision acuity, and may effectively increase the amplitude of psedoaccommodation compared with foldable monofocal IOLs (AcrySof Natural). However, foldable multifocal IOLs (ReSTOR) implantation may lead to increased high-order aberration and decreased contrast sensitivity. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Adeno-associated virus mediated transduction of pigment epithelium-derived factor to human iris pigment epithelial cells in vitro ZHAO Chun, WANG Fang, JI Jing, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1078.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.006 Abstract ( 1576 )   PDF (5259KB) ( 1575 )   Objective To investigate the feasibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated transduction of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) to cultured human iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells in vitro to obtain the transgenic cells with high expression of PEDF. Methods Recombinant AAV vector carrying PEDF gene (AAV-PEDF) was constructed, and human IPE cells were cultured in vitro and infected with condensed virus. The expression of green fluorescent protein in cells was observed under fluorescence microscopy, the transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PEDF in IPE cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results The proliferation of IPE cells was normal after infection with AAV-PEDF. The expression of PEDF was observed under fluorescence microscopy and detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. When the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 20, the transduction efficiency was 64.22%. Conclusion AAV-PEDF can effectively transfect IPE cells cultured in vitro, and the transgenic cells have a high expression of PEDF. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment of pigmented rabbit model of retinal vein occlusion by excitation of Rose Bengal with double-frequency laser (532nm) WANG Shuai, SONG Bei-wen, WU Qiang 2011, 31 (8):  1082.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.007 Abstract ( 2064 )   PDF (6712KB) ( 1765 )   Objective To investigate the characteristics of pigmented rabbit retinal vein occlusion induced by photochemical method. Methods Sixteen healthy pigmented rabbits were randomly divided into group A and group B, with 8 rabbits in each group. Laser photocoagulation with double-frequency laser (532 nm) on the trunk retinal vein was performed after the injection of Rose Bengal solution (50 mg/kg) via ear marginal vein. Laser reference parameters of group A were as follows: power 150 mW for 15 shots and then 300 mW for another 15 shots. Laser reference parameters of group B were as follows: power 150 mW for 40 shots and then 300 mW for another 40 shots. Fundus photograph and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed before photocoagulation and 15 min, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after photocoagulation. One rabbit was sacrificed in each group 1 d after photocoagulation, and the rest were killed 28 d after photocoagulation for light microscopy. Results Retinal vein occlusion models were successfully established in both groups, and retinal artery occlusion was also induced in group B 1 d after photocoagulation. Seven days after photocoagulation, venous recanalization was detected in all occluded veins in group A and in part of the occluded veins in group B. Histopathological examinations indicated that venous thrombus formed in retinal veins in both groups 1 d after photocoagulation, and there was retinal atrophy around the papillary disc 28 d after photocoagulation. Conclusion It is convenient to establish rabbit model of retinal vein occlusion by Rose Bengal photochemical method. With the increase of photocoagulation shots on regional retinal vein, the retinal artery could be occluded as well. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between temperature of cornea on ocular surface and stability of tear film determined by new corneal topography SHEN Ting, ZHANG Lin 2011, 31 (8):  1086.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.008 Abstract ( 2018 )   PDF (5747KB) ( 1600 )   Objective To explore the relationship between temperature of cornea on ocular surface and stability of tear film. Methods A total of 94 patients with results of SchirmerⅠ test >10 mm/5 min were enrolled, and were divided into dry eye group （n=48）and non-dry eye group （n=46）based on dry eye complaints and results of break up time (BUT) test. New corneal topography was adopted to take the division photos of tear film, and infrared thermometer was used to measure temperature of cornea on ocular surface. The relationship between the stability of tear film and temperature of cornea on ocular surface was analysed. Results The grades of tear film images in dry eye group were significantly higher than those in non-dry eye group (P<0.01). The grades of tear film images were negatively correlated with BUT results (r=－0.752，P=0.00). By grades of tear film images, the average temperature of cornea on ocular surface of grade 0, gradeⅠ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ was (32.386±0.826 2) ℃, (34.084±1.373 3) ℃, (34.980±1.331 5) ℃ and (35.709±0.744 9) ℃ respectively, with significant differences among all grades （P<0.01）. Conclusion New corneal topography can reveal the stability of tear film. Higher temperature of cornea on ocular surface may cause instability of tear film, which is one of the major causes for dry eye. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Changes of macular area in highly myopic eyes after phacoemulsification evaluated by optic coherence tomography LI Shi-wei, WU Qiang, LU Bin, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1090.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.009 Abstract ( 1880 )   PDF (6669KB) ( 1792 )   Objective To evaluate the macular changes and recovery of visual acuity in highly myopic patients after phacoemulsification. Methods One hundred and five patients (150 eyes) with cataract were divided into highly myopic group (group A, 56 patients, 80 eyes) and non-highly myopic group(group B, 49 patiens, 70 eyes), and phacoemulsification and intracapsular implantation of foldable intraocular lens were performed. In all patients, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured, minimal foveal thickness (MFT) and total macular volume (TMV) were determined with optical coherence tomograghy before operation and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation, and accumulated energy complex parameter (AECP) was also calculated. Results UCVA, BCVA and TMV at different time points after operation were significantly higher than those before operation in group A and group B (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between MFT before operation and those at different time points after operation in two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between MFT before operation and those at different time points after operation in patients with high AECP and those with low AECP in group A and group B (P>0.05), TMV at different time points after operation were significantly higher than that before operation in patients with high AECP and those with low AECP in group A and group B (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the changes of MFT or TMV between patients with high AECP and those with low AECP at the time points of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation in group A and group B (P>0.05). One eye had a shallow detachment of the neuroretina from retinal pigment epithelium in nasally inferior part of the macular area in group A, and 3 eyes in group A and 1 eye in group B had subtle intraretinal cystoid abnormalities. Conclusion Highly myopic patients may have a good recovery of visual acuity after phacoemulsification, with no macular edema, no significant change in MFT, and an increase in TMV after operation. The actual phaco power has no significant influence on macular area in highly myopic patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between myopia and eyeball and systemic immune inflammation ZHOU Ji-bo, QU Jia 2011, 31 (8):  1096.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.010 Abstract ( 1985 )   PDF (2923KB) ( 1354 )   Inflammation is one of the basic pathophysiological processes of human beings, and inflammation involving sclera often results in myopia. Inflammation may derive from the other tissues and organs, or from sclera, choroid, retina and surrounding tissues. The possible pathogenesis may be that sclera thinning is caused by the release of inflammation factors, and myopia is developed by the lengthening of vitreous chamber of ocular globe. To interpret the relationship between myopia and inflammation may accomplish the etiology of myopia, enhance the understanding of pathogenesis of myopia, and help to diagnose and treat the disease properly. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of causes of misdiagnosis and treatment effects of acute retinal necrosis syndrome YAN Yan, SHEN Xi, ZHANG Qiong, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1099.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.011 Abstract ( 2334 )   PDF (2803KB) ( 1537 )   Objective To investigate the causes of misdiagnosis and treatment effects of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN). Methods The causes of misdiagnosis and treatment effects of 7 patients (7 eyes) with ARN were retrospectively analysed. Results Three patients were misdiagnosed as iridocyclitis, 2 as panuveitis, 1 as Posner-Schlossman Syndrome and 1 as retinal hemorrhage. After the diagnosis was confirmed, antiviral medications and vitrectomy were administered to 4 patients, and antiviral medications and prophylactic laser were performed in the other 3 cases. During the follow up, visual acuity significantly improved in 6 patients. Ocular hypotony and decreased visual acuity took place in 2 patients after oil removal in vitrectomy. Conclusion The early diagnosis of ARN is of great significance, and best treatment opportunity may be missed due to misdiagnosis. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, the early management with sufficient medications and prophylactic laser, with vitrectomy if necessary, may preserve the residual visual acuity of patients with ARN. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical observations of conjunctival autografting combined with mitomycin C in treatment of pterygium LI Jia, ZHOU Dan-hong, LU Lin-na 2011, 31 (8):  1102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.012 Abstract ( 1942 )   PDF (3774KB) ( 1447 )   Objective To observe the clinical outcomes of pterygium excision with mitomycin C combined with conjunctival autografting in treatment of pterygium. Methods A total of 139 patients (153 eyes) with pterygium undergoing pterygium excision were treated with conjunctival autograft combined with mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL, wet packing on sclera for 2 min). All patients were followed up for 1 year, and postoperative complications were assessed. Results Pterygium recurred in 6 eyes (3.92%). Delayed conjunctival wound healing took place in 11 eyes (7.19%), superficial punctate keratitis occurred in 9 eyes (5.88%), and no special treatment was conducted. Conjunctival flap melting took place in 7 eyes (4.58%), sclera without vascularization occurred in 2 eyes (1.31%), glaucoma happened in 1 eye (0.65%), and topical treatment with drugs were effective. Conjunctival granuloma took place in 2 eyes (1.31%), corneoscleral melting occurred in 2 eyes (1.31%), and topical treatment with drugs and surgery were adopted. Conclusion Conjunctival autografting combined with mitomycin C in pterygium excision may decrease the recurrence of pterygium, but may lead to the complications such as corneoscleral melting. Exclusion of immunological diseases before operation, proper wet packing during operation and regular follow-up after operation can reduce the occurrence of complications. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Outcomes of rat retina fixation with three different methods LI Jing-jing, ZHU Hong, SHI Cai-hong 2011, 31 (8):  1105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.013 Abstract ( 1987 )   PDF (4772KB) ( 1887 )   Objective To investigate the outcomes of fixation of rat retina paraffin sections with three different methods. Methods Nine SD rats were randomly divided into group A (retina fixation with improved solution, n=3), group B (retina fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, n=3) and group C (retina fixation with cardiac perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde, n=3). Paraffin sections were prepared 24 h after retina fixation, HE staining was performed, and the outcomes of fixation were compared. Results There was no eyecup deformation in group A,  a few eyecup deformations in group B and few eyecup deformation in group C. It was observed by microscopy that each layer of the retina structure was intact in group A,  and there was retinal detachment in group B and group C. Conclusion Eyeball fixation with improved fixation solution may result in better outcomes than fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde or fixation with cardiac perfusion, and is suitable for further research with retinal paraffin sections. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Basic research)

Select

Construction of recombinant human amelogenin eukaryon expression vector and its stable expression in NIH3T3 cells CHENG Lan, SHU Rong, ZHANG Xiu-li, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.014 Abstract ( 1892 )   PDF (5626KB) ( 1697 )   Objective To construct the recombinant eukaryon expression plasmid containing human amelogenin (hAm) gene and transfect mammalian cell line NIH3T3 for construction of cells with stable expression of recombinant hAm. Methods hAm gene was inserted into eukaryon expression vector pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-) A with restriction enzyme EcoRⅠ and BamHⅠ, and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-) A-hAm containing hAm gene was confirmed by restriction  endonuclease mapping and sequencing. pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-) A-hAm was transfected into NIH3T3 cells by LipofectamineTM2000, and was selected by G418 for positive cell clones. Cells with stable expression of hAm was constructed, and was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Results Restriction endonuclease mapping and sequencing revealed that the inserted sequences were accurate in recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-)A-hAm. Expression of hAm with molecular weight of 28 000 was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting in NIH3TS cells transfected with recombinant plasmid, which was in line with the prediction. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryon expression system containing hAm has been successfully constructed, and NIH3T3 cells with stable expression of recombinant hAm is obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of SP subgroup of colon cancer cell line SW480 WANG Bing, LIU Wen-yong, YE Dong-xia, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.015 Abstract ( 1982 )   PDF (5260KB) ( 1479 )   Objective To sort the side population (SP) subgroup in colon cancer cell line SW480, and explore whether SP cells have biological properties of tumor stem cells. Methods Hoechst33342 and PI staining was performed on 1×107/mL SW480 cells of logarithmic growth phase, and cells were treated with 80 μg/mL verapamil. SP cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Cell growth curves of SP cells and non-SP cells were drawn with MTT method, and clonogenic assay was performed. These two cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice, and the tumorigenesis was observed. Results It was revealed by Hoechest33342 staining that the percent of SP subgroup was (1.43±0.05)%, and was decreased to (0.01±0.01)% after treatment with verapamil (P<0.05). Cell growth curves indicated that the growth rate in non-SP group was significantly lower than that in SP group (P<0.05). It was demonstrated by clonogenic assay that 15 d after inoculation, the number of cell clones in SP group (49.33±8.21) was significantly larger than that in non-SP group (31.03±5.29)(P<0.01). In 1×105 SP inoculation group, tumorigenesis was observed in 50% of mice, while there was no tumorigenesis in non-SP group (P<0.01). Conclusion There exists SP subgroup in human SW480 cells, whose proliferation ability may be higher than that of non-SP cells. Further experiments should be performed to purify SP cells. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of fenvalerate on enzymes in testis of male offspring rats after maternal exposure in gestation LI Xiao-feng, YANG Yang, ZHOU Yi-jun 2011, 31 (8):  1117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.016 Abstract ( 1988 )   PDF (4439KB) ( 1566 )   Objective To investigate the effects of fenvalerate on reproductive system of male offspring rats after maternal exposure in gestation. Methods Twenty pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into three treated groups (treated with 2,10, and 50 mg/kg fenvalerate respectively on day 12 to 18 of gestation by means of intragastric injection) and control group (treated with corn oil). Male offspring rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 35, and the levels of serum testosterone (T) and testis homogenate T were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Meanwhile, the activities of enzymes in testis such as acid phosphatases (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were examined by colorimetry. Results Compared with control group, the activity of LDH was restrained in 50 mg/kg group (P<0.05), and those of γ-GT were increased in 2 mg/kg group and 10 mg/kg group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the activities of ACP and AKP between control group and treated groups (P＞0.05). The levels of serum T and testis homogenate T were increased with different doses dependently, while there was no significant difference between control group and treated groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Exposure of fenvalerate in gestation has some influence on the reproductive system of male offspring rats, and can significantly affect the activities of enzymes in testis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study of Candida albicans adhesion to polyurethane composites ZHENG Yuan-li, LI Jing, KONG Fang-yuan 2011, 31 (8):  1121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.017 Abstract ( 1464 )   PDF (5033KB) ( 1377 )   Objective To investigate the Candida albicans adhesion to polyurethane composites containing nano-polyphosphazene. Methods Specimens of polyurethane composites containing 1% polyphosphazene (PZS-1% group, n=12) and 5% polyphosphazene (PZS-5% group, n=12) and specimens of silicone rubber-based soft lining material (silicone rubber group, n=12) were prepared. Candida albicans adhesion tests were performed in each group of specimens. The adhesion of Candida albicans to specimens was observed under light microscope, and colony forming unit counting was conducted to determine the amount of Candida albicans adhesion in each group (×104 CFU/mL). Results The amount of Candida albicans adhesion to specimens in PZS-1% group, PZS-5% group and silicone rubber group was 207.800±22.300, 133.200±31.597 and 200.600±32.250 respectively. It was revealed by statistical analysis that the amount of Candida albicans adhesion to specimens in PZS-5% group was significantly lower than that in PZS-1% group and silicone rubber group (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference between PZS-1% group and silicone rubber group (P>0.05). Conclusion The amount of Candida albicans adhesion to PZS-5% is significantly lower than that adhesion to PZS-1% and silicone rubber-based soft lining material. The supplement of polyphosphazene in polyurethane composites may have an effect on Candida albicans adhesion. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between excessive complement activation and autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion XIAO Shi-jin, ZHAO Ai-min, BAO Shi-min 2011, 31 (8):  1125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.018 Abstract ( 2471 )   PDF (4564KB) ( 1655 )   Objective To establish the mouse model of autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and explore the role of complement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-type RSA. Methods The mouse model of autoimmune-type RSA was established by intrauterine injection of human β2GP-1 in Balb/c mice (intrauterine injection of β2GP-1 group, n=15), and intrauterine injection of unrelated protein group (n=6), intrauterine injection of adjuvants group (n=13), intrauterine injection of normal saline group (n=10), normal unpregnancy group (n=10) and normal pregnancy group (n=15) were served as controls. The embryo loss rates, mean placental weight, concentrations of complement C3 in peripheral blood and mass concentrations of decay accelerating factor (DAF) in placental tissues were compared among groups. Results The embryo loss rate in intrauterine injection of β2GP-1 group was significantly higher than those in normal pregnancy group and intrauterine injection control groups （P<0.05）. The mean placental weight, concentrations of complement C3 in peripheral blood and mass concentrations of DAF in placental tissues in intrauterine injection of β2GP-1 group were significantly lower than those in normal pregnancy group and intrauterine injection control groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Intrauterine injection of human β2GP-1 can establish autoimmune-type RSA mouse model. Excessive complement activation may paly an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-type RSA. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Clinical research)

Select

Expression of tumor-associated antigen OVA66 in human tumor tissues RONG Ting-ting, RAO Wei, CHEN Hui-juan, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1129.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.019 Abstract ( 1923 )   PDF (9166KB) ( 1401 )   Objective To investigate the expression of tumor-associated antigen OVA66 in human tumor tissues, and explore its clinical values. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of OVA66 protein in several types of tumor tissue chips and samples (gastric cancer, intestinal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer) and corresponding non-tumor tissues. The relationship between the expression of OVA66 protein and character of tumor tissues, tumor metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics was analysed. Results There was high expression of OVA66 protein in the tumor tissues of stomach, intestine, ovary, bladder and kidney, which was significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissues. While the expression of OVA66 was relatively lower in the tumor tissues of lung and breast. The expression of OVA66 in bladder cancer tissues was related to the pathological grading of bladder cancer. The expression of OVA66 in intestinal cancer and bladder cancer with lymph node metastasis was slightly higher than that in intestinal cancer and bladder cancer without lymph node metastasis, while there was no significant difference between them. Conclusion There is high expression of OVA66 protein in many tumor tissues. The expression of OVA66 protein in bladder cancer tissues is related to the pathological grading of bladder cancer. OVA66 may serve as a novel tumor marker in the diagnosis of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparative analysis of serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels between postmenopausal female patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis LI Hai-dong, YANG Yue-hua, LI Bo, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.020 Abstract ( 2088 )   PDF (6178KB) ( 1584 )   Objective To compare the serum levels of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) between postmenopausal females patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), analyse their possible correlations with serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone mineral densities (BMD) in the proximal femur and lumbar region, and explore the mechanism of SHBG in the development of OA and OP. Methods Sixty postmenopausal female patients with OA and 60 postmenopausal female patients with OP were selected. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and serum levels of estradiol, SHBG and OPG were quantified with radioimmunoassay or ELISA. Free estradiol index (FEI) was also calculated by the ratio of serum estradiol to SHBG. Results The body weight, body mass index and BMD in OA group were higher than those in OP group. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol level between two groups (P=0.124). SHBG and OPG levels in OP group were significantly higher than those in OA group [SHBG: (74.98±8.90) nmol/L vs (66.38±9.74) nmol/L，P<0.01；OPG: (6.94±1.18) pmol/L vs (4.67±1.28) pmol/L，P<0.01]. FEI in OP group was significantly lower than that in OA group (0.63±0.27 vs 0.75±0.31，P<0.05). Serum SHBG negatively correlated, while FEI positively correlated with BMD in the proximal femur and lumbar region in both groups. Conclusion The differences in serum SHBG levels may determine the differences in active estradiol levels, and eventually result in the differences in BMD and bone micro-structures between postmenopausal female patients with OA and OP. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

DGGE analysis of subgingival bacterial communities in periodontal pockets with different depth SHU Rong, ZHOU Yan-bin, LIU Da-li, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.021 Abstract ( 2850 )   PDF (5450KB) ( 1271 )   Objective To investigate the changes of subgingival bacterial communities in periodontal pockets with different depth using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Methods Two patients with chronic periodontitis (patient 1 and patient 2) were selected, and subgingival plaque samples of the same sampling sites were obtained from two patients before basic periodontal treatment and 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks and 12 months after mechanical debridement. Total microbial genomic DNA of the plaque samples was extracted, and V3-V5 region of 16S rDNA of all bacteria was amplified by PCR and separated by DGGE. Total numbers of bands and similarity coefficients were calculated, and clustering patterns of samples from individuals were analysed. Results After mechanical debridement, the probing depth decreased in both patients with different levels (≤3 mm in patient 1 and ≥5 mm in patient 2). After treatment, there was no significant change in numbers of bands in DGGE analysis in both patients, with similarity coefficients of 48.14%-57.8% and 63.70%-72.35% respectively compared with the baseline. Furthermore, cluster analysis indicated significant changes in bacteria diversity 6 weeks after mechanical debridement, followed by gradual shift over time. Conclusion Although periodontal pockets decrease in depth, re-colonization of periodontal bacteria may occur soon after mechanical debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of C-type lectin receptors and Toll-like receptors in placenta of severe pre-eclampsia LI Li, XU Liang, TENG Yin-cheng 2011, 31 (8):  1145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.022 Abstract ( 1699 )   PDF (6384KB) ( 1810 )   Objective To investigate the expression of C-typed lectin receptors of dendritic cells specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor (MR) and Toll-like receptors (TLR) of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in placenta tissues in patients with pre-eclampsia (PE). Methods The placenta tissues were obtained from patients with severe pre-eclampsia (PE group, n=20) and normal pregnant women (NP group, n=20). The expression of DC-SIGN, MR, TLR-2 and TLR-4 in placenta tissues was localized by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of DC-SIGN, MR, TLR-2 and TLR-4 protein in placenta tissues was detected by Western blotting. Results There was expression of DC-SIGN, MR, TLR-2 and TLR-4 in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts of placenta tissues in both groups, and the majority was in syncytiotrophoblasts. The expression of TLR-4 in placenta tissues in PE group was significantly higher than that in NP group （P<0.01）, the expression of DC-SIGN and MR in placenta tissues in PE group was significantly lower than that in PE group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the expression of TLR-2 in placenta tissues between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with normal pregnant women, the expression of C-typed lectin receptors of DC-SIGN and MR is lower, while the expression of TLR-4 is abnormally higher in placenta tissues in patients with PE. The imbalance between these two receptors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Incremental value of 131I-SPECT/CT fusion imaging over 131I whole-body scintigraphy in management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma YE Zhi-yi, FU Hong-liang, LI Jia-ning, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1150.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.023 Abstract ( 1758 )   PDF (4327KB) ( 1480 )   Objective To investigate the incremental value of 131I-SPECT/CT fusion imaging over 131I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods Eighty-two patients with DTC underwent both WBS and SPECT/CT imaging after 131I therapy. The capacity of location and qualitative analysis of radioiodine avid lesions of SPECT/CT imaging was compared with that of WBS. The capacity of SPECT/CT imaging in detecting non-radioiodine avid lesions was analysed. The impact of SPECT/CT imaging on diagnosis of metastases, clinical staging and therapeutic strategy was evaluated. Results Two hundred and three radioiodine avid lesions were detected by WBS. Eighty-nine of them (43.84%) were located by WBS, which was verified by SPECT/CT imaging. Thyroid remnant and bone were the regions with highest accuracy, with accuracy rates of 74.24% (49/66) and 62.86% (22/35) respectively. WBS determined 52 benign radioiodine avid lesions, 36 malignant ones and 115 uncertain ones, and SPECT/CT imaging determined 94, 79 and 30 respectively. The percent of uncertain radioiodine avid lesions determined by SPECT/CT imaging was significantly lower than that determined by WBS (14.78% vs 56.65%, χ2=77.51, P<0.01). Besides, 6 non-radioiodine avid metastatic lesions were detected by SPECT/CT imaging. Among all the 82 patients, 14 (17.07%) were changed about the diagnosis of metastasis, 5 (6.1%) were changed about the clinical stage, and 23 (28.05%) were changed about the therapeutic strategy through SPECT/CT imaging. Conclusion SPECT/CT fusion imaging has incremental value in differentiating radioiodine avid lesions, detecting non-radioiodine avid lesions, improving accuracy of diagnosis, and adjusting therapeutic strategy of DTC. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

131I-SPECT/CT imaging data analysis of different metastatic sites of differentiated thyroid cancer WU Zhen-yu, WANG Hui 2011, 31 (8):  1154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.024 Abstract ( 1917 )   PDF (5215KB) ( 1629 )   Objective To analyse and compare the imaging data of 131I-SPECT/CT of different metastatic sites of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) 48 h after 131I therapy, and provide evidences for the dosimetry of 131I therapy for DTC. Methods Forty-eight hours after 131I intake, SPECT/CT imaging was performed on 20 patients with 53 metastatic sites. The data of size of metastatic lesions, tumor/non-tumor ratio, iodine uptake rate, radioactivity per unit volume and lesion density (CT value) were calculated with software. The features of data of different metastatic sites were analysed, and correlation analysis was conducted between these data and treatment efficiency of metastatic lesions. Results ①131I uptake per unit volume of bone metastases was significantly lower than the other metastatic sites [(1.01±1.23) MBq/cm3; P=0.029, 0.463, 0.003, respectively], and the efficacy was the worst. ②The most important factor influencing treatment efficacy was size of lesions. The smaller the soft tissue, lung and lymph node lesions were, the better the treatment efficacy was （r=-0.932,P=0.021; r=-0.897, P=0.000; r=-0.966,P=0.000）. While the correlation between size of bone metastatic lesions and treatment efficacy was not significant (r=-0.469, P=0.078). ③When no local damage or nodule in lesion sites was found with CT scan, the treatment was most efficient, and the lesions could be totally removed after one therapy. Conclusion Different sites of metastatic lesions of DTC have different iodine uptake capacity, which leads to significant differences in treatment efficiency. Imaging data analysis of each metastatic site should be conducted before treatment to design individualized regimens. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison of augmentation index and central systolic blood pressure measured by two devices FAN Wang-xiang, LI Yan, LI Fa-hong, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1159.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.025 Abstract ( 2321 )   PDF (5236KB) ( 2343 )   Objective To explore the correlation and agreement of augmentation index (AI) and central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) measured by two devices (Australia SphygmoCor System and Japan Omron HEM-9000AI). Methods Two hundred and twenty-four subjects without antihypertensive medications had AI and CSBP measurements by both devices of SphygmoCor and Omron HEM-9000AI at the same day. The correlation and agreement of AI and CSBP between two devices were explored with simple correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots. The influencing factors for measurements of AI and CSBP by both devices were investigated by multivariate stepwise regression analysis. Results AI and CSBP measured by Omron device were significantly higher than those measured by SphygmoCor [（81.5±14.4）%  vs （77.6±16.2）%，P<0.001;（132.3±16.7） mmHg vs （121.4±14.4）mmHg, P<0.001\], and absolute differences in AI and CSBP amounted to (3.9±11.0)% and (10.9±11.0) mmHg respectively.  AI and CSBP measured by two devices were closely correlated (r=0.75, P<0.001; r=0.76, P<0.001). AI detected by both devices were influenced by age, gender, heart rate and mean arterial pressure （P<0.001）, and AI detected by SphygmoCor was also influenced by body mass index （P<0.05）. CSBP detected by Omron device was influenced by gender and body mass index （P<0.05）, and was not influenced by age （P>0.05）.CSBP detected by SphygmoCor was only influenced by age （P<0.01）. Conclusion Omron HEM-9000AI and SphygmoCor System have good agreement in AI measurements. Both devices can be used in large scale clinical and epidemiological studies. However, there is a large disparity in CSBP estimations between two devices, and one CSBP measurement can not be used to replace the other. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Meta-analysis of risk of trans fatty acids on coronary heart diseases WANG Tao, CAI Mei-qin 2011, 31 (8):  1164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.026 Abstract ( 2144 )   PDF (6303KB) ( 1756 )   Objective To evaluate the risk of trans fatty acids on coronary heart diseases by Meta-analysis. Methods Related literatures were searched with subject words including“trans fatty acids”, “sudden cardiac death”, “myocardial infarction” and “coronary heart disease” from electronic databases of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Database and Wanfang Data, etc. With multivariate adjusted relative ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as parameters, literatures included were analysed by fixed effect model of Meta-analysis after heterogeneity inspection. Results A total of 9 literatures were selected, including 6 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies. Combined RR between trans fatty acids intake and coronary heart disease events and between trans fatty acids intake and fatal coronary heart diseases were 1.234 (95%CI 1.117-1.363, P=0.000) and 1.307 (95%CI 1.113-1.535, P=0.001)， respectively. Combined OR between trans fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and first myocardial infarction events was 1.560 (95%CI 1.119-2.175, P=0.009). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this Meta-analysis were stable. Conclusion Trans fatty acids may be a risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of eosinophil chemotactic factor, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted and their receptors in maternal-fetal interface of spontaneous abortion XIAO Shi-jin, DONG Qian, ZHAO Ai-min 2011, 31 (8):  1170.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.027 Abstract ( 1789 )   PDF (7592KB) ( 1172 )   Objective To investigate the role of eosinophil chemotactic factor (Eotaxin)/CCR3 and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCR5 in immune tolerance of normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Methods Decidua and chorionic tissues of 20 patients with spontaneous abortion (AP group) and 20 women with normal pregnancy (NP group) were collected. The expression of Eotaxin/CCR3 and RANTES/CCR5 in decidua and chorionic tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and linear correlation analysis was performed.ResultsThe positive expression rates of Eotaxin in decidua and chorionic tissues in NP group were significantly higher than those in AP group (75% vs 35%, P=0.011; 80% vs 30%, P=0.001), and the positive expression intensity in NP group was significantly higher than that in AP group (P=0.003, P=0.002). The positive expression rates of RANTES in decidua and chorionic tissues in NP group were significantly lower than those in AP group (40% vs 80%, P=0.01; 45% vs 85%, P=0.008), and the positive expression intensity in NP group was significantly lower than that in AP group (P=0.002, P=0.002). There was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of CCR5 in decidua and chorionic tissues between two groups (P>0.05), while the positive expression rates of AP group was significantly higher than those in NP group (P=0.018, P=0.029). There was no significant difference in the positive expression rate and positive expression intensity of CCR3 in decidua and chorionic tissues between two groups (P>0.05). In NP group, the expression of RANTES was positively related to the expression of CCR5 in decidua and chorionic tissues (r=0.679, P=0.001; r=0.478, P=0.033). In AP group, the expression of RANTES was positively related to the expression of CCR5 in decidua and chorionic tissues (r=0.610, P=0.004; r=0.620, P=0.004). There was no relationship between the expression of Eotaxin and expression of CCR3 in two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Chemokines and their receptors Eotaxin/CCR3 and RANTES/CCR5 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of immune tolerance of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of drug resistance of pathogens in urinary tract infection in Pudong New District in Shanghai YANG Jun, WANG Ya-ping, YING Chun-mei, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1175.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.028 Abstract ( 1763 )   PDF (4333KB) ( 1661 )   Objective To investigate the drug resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in urinary tract infection in Pudong New District in Shanghai from 2004 to 2010, and provide evidence for clinical drug use. Methods Pathogens in urinary tract infection were collected from inpatients in community hospitals and inpatients and outpatients in Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in Pudong New District in Shanghai from October 2004 to September 2010. Drug resistance was examined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method, and was analysed with WHONET 5.3 software and SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 4 415 strains were collected from urine of patients with urinary tract infection, among which there were 1 968 (45.6%) Escherichia coli strains and 736 (16.7%) Enterococcus faecalis strains. The drug resistance rate of strains from inpatients in community hospitals was higher than that in inpatients in Renji Hospital, and that in outpatients in Renji Hospital was the lowest. The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli to Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin decreased year by year. The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime and the detection rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) strains decreased year by year. The drug resistance rates of  Escherichia coli to Gentamicin, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin, Cefoperazone/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefepime displayed a turning up at first and a turning down later. The drug resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis to Levofloxacin increased year by year, and that to Nitrofurantoin increased before a collapse. Conclusion Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection. Different clinical use of drugs may lead to different degree of drug resistance. A reasonable and effective antimicrobial therapy can improve the drug resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Preventive medicine)

Select

Effects of health education on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted diseases among migrant construction workers ZHANG Jing, XU Gang, CAI Yong, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1179.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.029 Abstract ( 2119 )   PDF (4588KB) ( 1530 )   Objective To investigate the effects of health education on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted disease-related knowledge, attitude and practice among migrant construction workers. Methods Cluster random sampling was adopted to select 1 031 male migrant construction workers from 3 construction sites in a district of Shanghai, health education on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted diseases were conducted, and the effects of health education were evaluated. Results The awareness rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted disease-related knowledge after health education was significantly higher than that before health education among migrant construction workers (P<0.001). The awareness rate of transmission routes (sex transmission, blood transmission and vertical transmission) and non-transmission routes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was significantly increased after health education, especially on “antibody can not be detected during window period”, “relationship between sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome” and “sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented by avoiding premarital sex”. The attitude toward premarital sex and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was significantly changed after health education. Among all the migrant construction workers, 49.4% chose not to avoid people infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and 64.5% believed that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should live and work like a normal person. Behavior survey indicated that 54.9% of migrant construction workers were for the use of condoms after health education. All the above attitude and behavior were significantly different from those before health education (P<0.01). Conclusion Health education is an effective measure to improve acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted disease-related knowledge, attitude and practice among migrant construction workers. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Public health administration)

Select

Evaluation on medical service of tertiary class A hospitals in Shanghai from interns LIU Yu-mei, WANG Wei, CHEN Xiao-feng, et al 2011, 31 (8):  1184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.030 Abstract ( 1997 )   PDF (5956KB) ( 1514 )   Objective To investigate the evaluation on medical service of tertiary class A hospitals in Shanghai from interns. Methods Cluster random sampling was adopted to select 565 interns from 7 tertiary class A hospitals in Shanghai, and questionnaire survey was conducted on their evaluation on trust, satisfaction and behavior of medical service in these hospitals. The evaluation was quantified with a scale, and the result was compared with that from 462 patients on medical service of a tertiary class A hospital in Shanghai. Results A total of 456 questionnaires were recovered, with the recovery rate of 91.2%. There was no significant difference in trust and satisfaction between interns from different regions and of different genders (P>0.05). There were significant differences in trust and satisfaction between interns and patients (P<0.05). The score of trust was significantly higher than that of satisfaction in interns (P<0.05), while the score of trust was significantly lower than that of satisfaction in patients (P<0.05). The value of difference in general trust and interpersonal trust between interns and patients was higher than that of difference in satisfaction between interns and patients. There were significant differences in general trust, interpersonal trust and satisfaction among different behaviors of interns (P<0.05). Compared with patients, interns were more likely to recommend doctors, follow prescription, not to change doctors and not to ask for a second diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in evaluation on medical service between interns of different genders and from different regions. Compared with patients, interns are more likely to trust doctors. It is optimal to evaluate medical service from aspects of trust and satisfaction. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

Macrophage activation and wound healing MIAO Ming-yuan, NIU Yi-wen, LU Shu-liang 2011, 31 (8):  1189.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.031 Abstract ( 1920 )   PDF (5678KB) ( 1767 )   Macrophages play a vital role in wound healing. Macrophage activation is the main status for working, and recent studies have demonstrated that macrophage activation could be divided into classical macrophage activation and alternative macrophage activation. The phenotypes of macrophage in wound tissues lead to different outcomes of cutaneous repair. This paper discusses macrophage activation and the relation with wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress of G protein-coupled receptor kinases in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease WU Na, LIU Zhen-guo 2011, 31 (8):  1194.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.032 Abstract ( 1794 )   PDF (4571KB) ( 1553 )   G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are a class of important soluble proteins that mediate receptor desensitization. They are the essential elements in negative feedback mechanism of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling pathway. Increased neurohormonal levels in nervous system diseases and adverse consequences in nervous system diseases induced by sustained neurohormonal stimulation indicate that the desensitization of neural receptors is a very important protection mechanism. Recent researches have revealed that GRKs play an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease and its motor complications. GRK6, which is localized in mediumsized spinous neurons, is the most critical GRKs in striatum. GRK6 knockout is related to the hypersensitivity of dopamine receptor. The research progress of GRKs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress of protective effects of inhalation anesthetics in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury SONG Lin, HANG Yan-nan 2011, 31 (8):  1198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.033 Abstract ( 1707 )   PDF (4282KB) ( 1593 )   The prevention and amelioration of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has long been a hotspot in the research of cardiology. Various laboratory studies have demonstrated that inhalation anesthetics play a protective role in the myocardial ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Meanwhile, a considerate number of clinical data have been accumulated from surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Inhalation anesthetics may be the most promising method of myocardial protection in clinical practice. The research progress of inhalation anesthetics in the mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Brief original article

Select

Expression and significance of multidrug resistance protein P170 in newly diagnosed childhood acute leukemia LIAO Xue-lian, XIA Min, JIANG Hui 2011, 31 (8):  1201.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.034 Abstract ( 2084 )   PDF (4394KB) ( 1578 )   Objective To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance protein P170 in newly diagnosed childhood acute leukemia, explore the relationship between the expression of P170 and multidrug resistance and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty-six cases of childhood acute leukemia were collected, among whom 40 were male and 26 were female. Forty-five cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 21 cases were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Patients were divided into complete remission group (n=40) and relapse group (n=26). The expression of multidrug resistance protein P170 in marrow cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the correlations of the expression of P170 with drug resistance and gender were analysed. Results The expression of P170 in relapse group was significantly higher than that in complete remission group (65.4% vs 37.5%, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the expression of P170 between ANLL group and ALL group (44.4% vs 57.1%, P>0.05) and between male group and female group (45.0% vs 46.2%，P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of P170 in newly diagnosed childhood acute leukemia is likely to result in multidrug resistance and negative prognosis. There is no significant difference in the expression of P170 between different disease types and different genders in childhood acute leukemia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Role of propacetamol in multimodal analgesia after lumbar spine surgery CHEN Zhi-feng, JIANG Hong, LI Yuan-yuan 2011, 31 (8):  1205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.035 Abstract ( 1858 )   PDF (4167KB) ( 1712 )   Objective To assess the analgesic effects of propacetamol with fentanyl after lumbar spine surgery. Methods Sixty patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 patients in each group. Patients in group Ⅰ were treated with 2 g propacetamol 15 min before the end of operation, and were managed with self-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump with fentanyl after operation. Patients in group Ⅱ were just given PCA pump with fentanyl after operation. PCA pumps were composed of fentanyl with 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1, and were used for 48 h. The time of extubation after operation and the analgesia scores, sedation scores, respiration, circulation, vomiting at different time points within 48 h after operation in two groups were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the time of extubation, and sedation scores, respiration, mean arterial pressure, heart rates and vomiting at different time points after operation between two groups (P>0.05). The analgesia scores in group Ⅰ were superior to those in group Ⅱ at the time points of 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after operation （P<0.05）, while there was no significant difference in the analgesia scores between two groups at the other time points (P>0.05). Conclusion The analgesic effect of propacetamol with fentanyl after surgery is safe and effective. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of pregnancy at incision of lower segment cesarean section LIU Xi, LIU Fang-sun, LIU Dong 2011, 31 (8):  1208.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.036 Abstract ( 1955 )   PDF (5215KB) ( 1598 )   Objective To investigate the application of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pregnancy at the incision of lower segment cesarean section. Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with pregnancy at the incision of lower segment cesarean section were collected. The imaging characteristics of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography was analysed. The abnormal echoes of the isthmus of anterior wall of the uterus were observed, and the relationship among its shape, size, incision and local blood flow was explored. Results The diagnosis of all the 34 patients were confirmed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. In 20 patients, the yolk sacs were detected at the incision of lower segment cesarean section of the anterior wall of the uterus, and hybrid echoes were observed on lower part of uterus in the other 14 patients. Conclusion Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography is a very effective method for diagnosis of pregnancy at the incision of lower segment cesarean section. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of Carboprost on prevention of hemorrhage after induced labor with scarred uterus DONG Ying 2011, 31 (8):  1212.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.037 Abstract ( 1862 )   PDF (4117KB) ( 1675 )   Objective To observe the effects of carboprost on third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage in induced labor with scarred uterus. Methods One hundred women undergoing induced labor with scarred uterus were randomly divided into carboprost group and oxytocin group, with 50 women in each group. All women were orally administered 50 mg mifepristone twice a day for 2 d, and received injection of 100 mg acetamiprid in amniotic cavity on the third day. Women in carboprost group were orally administered 2 mg carboprost immediately after delivery, and those in oxytocin group received intrauterine injection of 20 IU oxytocin immediately after delivery. The duration of third stage of labor, volumes of postpartum hemorrhage (2 h and 24 h after delivery), rate of placenta residue, blood pressure (before delivery and 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 24 h after delivery), pulse (before delivery and 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 24 h after delivery) and occurrence of adverse effects were compared between two groups. Results The duration of third stage of labor and volumes of hemorrhage 2 h and 24 h after delivery in carboprost group were significantly lower than those in oxytocin group (P＜0.05), and the rate of placenta residue in carboprost group was significantly lower than that in oxytocin group (10% vs 26%, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood pressure and pulse at different time points between two groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of adverse effects in carboprost group was significantly higher than that in oxytocin group (34% vs 18%, P＜0.05). Conclusion Application of carboprost in induced labor with scarred uterus may reduce volume of postpartum hemorrhage, shorten duration of third stage of labor, and decrease rate of placenta residue. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical experience

Select

Occlusion reconstruction for patients with severe worn dentition CHEN Yu-qin, QIAN Hai-xin 2011, 31 (8):  1216.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.08.038 Abstract ( 1884 )   PDF (4354KB) ( 1611 )   Objective To analyse and summarize the clinical experience of occlusion reconstruction for the middle and old aged patients with severe worn dentition. Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of 23 patients with dentition defect and severe tooth wear was retrospectively analysed. Among the 23 patients, 15 were males, 8 were females, and the mean age was (57.6±12.6) years (41 to 80 years). The types of dentition defect included Kennedy Ⅰ (n=8), Kennedy Ⅱ (n=6), Kennedy Ⅲ (n=5) and Kennedy Ⅳ (n=4). All patients required occlusion reconstruction. Results After temporary treatment by splints of removable denture for 3 to 6 months, the dentitions were reconstructed with removable partial denture or fixed denture. Seven patients underwent occlusion reconstruction with fixed denture, 10 with splints of removable denture, and the other 6 with splints of removable denture and fixed denture. Patients were followed up for 3 to 5 years, occlusion adjustment was performed, and all patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion The treatment process of occlusion reconstruction for worn dentition in middle and old aged patients is long, while the short and mid-term effects are definite. Occlusion reconstruction and occlusion adjustment during regular follow up are the key factors to the successful treatment. Related Articles | Metrics