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28 January 2014, Volume 34 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Original article (Basic research)
Original article (Clinical research)
Original article (Preventive medicine)
Original article (Public health administration)
Original article (Preventive medicine)
Original article (Public health administration)
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Original article (Basic research)

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Generation of Tex101 conditional knockout mice and phenotype identification FENG Gui-lian, SHU Yang, WANG Bao-man, et al 2014, 34 (1):  2.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.001 Abstract ( 1496 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 1544 )   Objective To generate testis expressed gene 101 (Tex101) conditional knockout mice model, and to identify the phenotype. Methods The conditional knockout vector targeting exon 2 and exon 3 of Tex101 were generated by molecular cloning, and then the electroporation of embryonic stem (ES) cells was carried out. The targeted ES cells were screened by positive-negative selection and PCR, and the correct targeted ES cells were microinjected into blastula of C57BL/6J mice. Chimerical mice were generated after transplanted the blastula into the host mice, and then the Tex101-LoxP transgenic mice were generated. Tex101 cKO mice could be obtained by crossing between EⅡa-Cre mice and Tex101-LoxP transgenic mice. The genotype was identified by PCR and phenotype by frozen section. Results We got 2 male Tex101 cKO mice and the frozen section showed no discrepancy of testis morphology between WT and cKO mice. Also, there was no obvious difference of the testis weight. Conclusion The Tex101 conditional knockout mice were successfully obtained, which showed no obvious influence on the testis. This animal model provided the foundation for further study of Tex101 in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction and analysis of the distribution of T cell epitopes encoded by the specific RD12 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis YE Juan, ZHANG Shu-lin, LIU Wen-di 2014, 34 (1):  7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.002 Abstract ( 955 )   PDF (420KB) ( 1288 )   Objective To predict and analyze distribution of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell epitopes encoded by the specific RD12 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods The amino acid sequences of the antigens were obtained by online NCBI database. The homology between MTB complex and human proteins was analyzed by BLAST. The distribution of CD8+ T cell epitopes was predicted by SYFPEITHI, NETCTL, BIMAS, and NetMHC databases. The distribution of CD4+ T cell epitopes was predicted by NetMHC databases. After analyzing distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes, the superior epitopes were selected. Results Sixteen candidate CD8+ T cell epitopes binding to 4 amino acids and 234 strong and 505 weak candidate CD4+ T cell epitopes binding to 15 amino acids were screened preliminarily, respectively. Thirteen superior epitopes were selected. Conclusion The candidate T cell epitopes may help lay a foundation for the research of multiepitope candidate vaccines and early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on resuscitation of Mycobacteriophage TM4 in dormant cells of M.tuberculosis GAN Yi-ling, GUO Shu-liang 2014, 34 (1):  13.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.003 Abstract ( 1001 )   PDF (646KB) ( 1610 )   Objective To investigate the potential of mycobacteriophage TM4 in resuscitating dormant cells of M.tuberculosis. Methods Dormant cells of M.tuberculosis were induced by prolonged closed culture of log-phase M.tuberculosis at 37 ℃, which were proven through drug sensitivity test and electron microscope. M.tuberculosis colony count and electron microscope were used to detect whether the dormant cells of M.tuberculosis had been resuscitated by TM4. Results Dormant cells of M.tuberculosis were obtained successfully by closed culture for 180 d at 37 ℃. The amount of M.tuberculosis at the bottom of the tube in Rpf E group was more than that of the other groups through naked eye after culturing 3 d at 37 ℃. While the amount of M.tuberculosis at the bottom in TM4 group did not increased obviously until culturing for 8 d. M.tuberculosis was still non-culturable in the three groups after culturing 1 d. Along with further culture, part of M.tuberculosis turned culturable, the concentration of resuscitated M.tuberculosis in control, TM4, and Rpf E groups was 0, 0.7×102, and 2×104 CFU/mL, respectively after culturing 6 d. The concentration of resuscitated M.tuberculosis in control, TM4, and Rpf E groups increased to 3.4×10, 1.68×107, and 2.1×109 CFU/mL, respectively after culturing 14 d. Various shapes of M.tuberculosis for culturing 17 d in the three groups were watched through electron microscope. There were lots of thin-wall M.tuberculosis, a few dormant cells of M.tuberculosis with thick wall, and cell pieces in TM4 group; whereas the field of view of Rpf E group was filled with plentiful thin-wall M.tuberculosis; as we excepted, a lot of thick-wall M.tuberculosis and a few thin wall M.tuberculosis were observed in control group. Conclusion Mycobacteriophage TM4 can resuscitate dormant cells of M.tuberculosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of glycidiazale sodium on radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line ZHOU Qing, ZHENG Lei-zhen, JIANG Ma-wei, et al 2014, 34 (1):  17.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.004 Abstract ( 919 )   PDF (823KB) ( 1313 )   Objective To investigate the effects of glycidiazale sodium (CMNa) on radiosensitivity of children′s neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Methods CMNa in different concentration was used on SH-SY5Y under normoxia and hypoxia. CCK-8 was employed to determine half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC) and 95% confidence interval.  Radiation absorbed doses of 0, 1, and 2 Gy were given to SH-SY5Y with 1 mmol/L CMNa (CMNa group) and normal SH-SY5Y (control group). Colony-forming assay was conducted to explore the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was conducted to test cell cycle and their apoptosis. Western blotting was employed to test expression changes of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. Results Under normoxia and hypoxia conditions, values of IC50 (95%CI) of SH-SY5Y were 3.62 (3.07-4.26) mmol/L and 1.59 (1.20-2.12) mmol/L, respectively. Under normoxia condition, clone formation quantity was significantly lower in CMNa group than that of control group. Compared to normoxia condition, clone formation quantity was significantly lower in hypoxia condition. Under hypoxia condition, compared to control group, cell apoptosis rate and G1-phase ratio increased significantly; S-phase ratio decreased significantly; expressions of stimulated apoptosis protein (Caspase 3/8/9) and Bax increased; inhibited apoptosis protein (Bc1-2) decreased; expression of cell cycle-related protein (Cyclin D1) decreased; and expression of P16 increased in CMNa group. Conclusion CMNa has specific enhancing effect on radiosensitivity of SH-SY5Y under hypoxia condition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional role of EMMPRIN in morphogenesis of tooth germ and formation of hard tissues in mouse mandibular first molars HUANG Li, XIE Ming 2014, 34 (1):  23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.005 Abstract ( 1264 )   PDF (621KB) ( 1328 )   Objective To explore expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer （EMMPRIN）during mid- and late-stage of mouse low first molar development and its effect on secretion and mineralization of dental matrices. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect EMMPRIN expression in the developing tooth germ at different stages. Tooth germ culture was performed in association with EMMPRIN inhibition assay to observe the consequence of EMMPRIN defects on the morphogenesis of tooth germ. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of EMMPRIN-related genes was examined by Real-Time PCR. Results Specific expression of EMMPRIN was detected in the tooth germs at cap stage, bell stage, as well as secretory stage. EMMPRIN abrogation resulted in the disturbance of amelogenesis and the downregulation of MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-20, ALPL, ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin mRNA expression in cultured tooth germ explants. Conclusion EMMPRIN was expressed in the different stages of tooth germ development. EMMPRIN played a critical role in the differentiation of ameloblast as well as the secretion and mineralization of enamel matrix, possibly by regulating the mRNA expression of MMPs and/or related enamel matrix proteins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gender difference and effects in methionine and choline deficient diets-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ZHANG Qi-juan, LI Ji-bin, XIAO Xiao-qiu, et al 2014, 34 (1):  30.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.006 Abstract ( 1780 )   PDF (970KB) ( 1540 )   Objective To explore effects of methionine and choline deficient diets (MCD diets) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development in KM mice, and to study the possible differences between the genders. Methods Three days after delivery, the litter size was adjusted to 10 pups per dam to allow comparable calorie intakes during lactation. After weaning, the pups were fed with standard diets until 10 weeks. Then the offspring were randomly divided into four groups: female control group (F-CTR), female MCD diets group (F-MCD), male control group (M-CTR), and male MCD diets group (M-MCD). Mice in control or MCD groups were fed with standard or MCD diets respectively for 4 weeks. The body weights were recorded once a week. The samples of serum and liver tissue were obtained after sacrificing. Liver morphologic analysis was performed by HE staining; The ultra-structure of hepatocyte was observed using transmission electron microscope. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined by automatic biochemical analyzing system. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by qualitative Real-time PCR. Results The body weights of male mice were higher than those of female mice before 11 weeks of age (P<0.05). After MCD diets were induced, the body weights declined significantly compared with those fed with standard diets. In MCD groups, HE staining showed typical characteristics of NASH, including steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Moreover, in MMCD group, the changes of NASH were more severe. Serum AST and AST levels were higher in M-MCD group than those in F-MCD group. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, but not IL-6, were also higher in M-MCD group than those in F-MCD group (P<0.05). Conclusion Deficiency in methionine and choline induced typical pathological changes of NASH in KM mice. This could serve as an ideal animal model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research work. Male mice were more susceptible to MCD diets-induced NASH compared with female mice, with more severe inflammation. Up-regulation of TNF-α expression may participate in the inflammatory injury in mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida glabrata YAO Dong-ting, YING Chun-mei 2014, 34 (1):  36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.007 Abstract ( 1127 )   PDF (278KB) ( 1198 )   Objective To investigate the different expression levels of CDR1, CDR2, SNQ2, and ERG11 genes and the mutation of ERG11 gene in order to explore their roles in inducing fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata. Methods Efflux of rhodamine 6G was performed to evaluate the effects of efflux pumps. The expression levels of CDR1, CDR2, SNQ2, and ERG11 genes were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the sequences of ERG11 were determined by PCR based DNA sequencing. Mutation of ERG11 gene was compared between fluconazole resistant and susceptible isolates. Results Efflux pumps of fluconazole resistant isolates had stronger effects than fluconazole susceptible isolates, consistently with significant upregulation of CDR1 and CDR2 (P<0.01, P<0.05). But no remarkable difference was found in SNQ2 and ERG11 expression levels (P＞0.05). Four kinds of synonymous point mutation in ERG11 gene were found, which were three in both fluconazole resistant and susceptible isolates and one in susceptible isolates. Conclusion The efflux pumps play an important role in the development of fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata. ERG11 gene mutation was found without association with the fluconazole resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of porcine model of pre-ductus coarctation of aorta by aortic isthmus banding LI Ji-jun, WANG Fei, ZHU Li-min, et al 2014, 34 (1):  40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.008 Abstract ( 1138 )   PDF (340KB) ( 1144 )   Objective To establish the porcine model of pre-ductus coarctation of aorta by aortic isthmus banding. Methods Ten piglets were under anesthesia, then the aortic isthmus was exposed via left thoracotomy of third intercostals space, and circled by polydiaxanone absorbable monofilament suture to fix its size. The diameter of aortic isthmus and systolic pressure gradient across aortic isthmus (ΔP) were measured. After 8 weeks, cardiac catheterization procedure was performed, and the diameter and ΔP were remeasured. The aortic isthmus was dilated with balloon catheter. Results Eight weeks later, in 2 piglets, diameter of aortic isthmus increased and ΔP was not detected. So the success rate of modeling was 80%. By cardiac catheterization, the other 8 piglets of successful modeling had gained weight (P<0.01). After balloon dilation, the values of ΔP were higher than those before modeling (P<0.01), but diameters of aortic isthmus did not significantly increase (P>0.05). Conclusion The approach for porcine model of pre-ductus coarctation of aorta by aortic isthmus banding has been successfully established. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Clinical research)

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Detection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases using radionuclide imaging YE Zhi-yi, MA Cao, WANG Hui 2014, 34 (1):  44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.009 Abstract ( 926 )   PDF (281KB) ( 1135 )   Objective To investigate the guiding value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) coincidence circuit imaging and 131I SPECT/CT imaging on detecting metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods Fifty-three patients with positive findings of DTC by 18F-FDG imaging or 131I SPECT/CT imaging during 131I therapy and follow-up underwent surgical resections. The preoperative and postoperative serum human thyroglobulin (HTg) and clinical stage were observed and compared. Results Among 53 patients, 34 patients were positive on 18F-FDG imaging. DTC metastases were pathologically confirmed in 32/34 patients. Nineteen patients were positive on 131I imaging, and DTC metastases were pathologically confirmed in 17/19 patients. In 49 patients with true positive DTC metastases on radionuclide imaging, 38 patients had positive serum HTg before surgery. HTg remained positive in 23/38 patients. There was significant difference of HTg before and after surgery (P<0.05). 18F-FDG and 131I imaging guided surgery changed the clinical stage for 11/32 and 3/17 patients, respectively. Conclusion 18F-FDG and 131I imaging were sensitive to detect DTC metastases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association analysis of social and psychological factors and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene to asthma susceptibility XU Jian-guo, LIN Jian-yan, MA Ying-jiao, et al 2014, 34 (1):  48.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.010 Abstract ( 925 )   PDF (355KB) ( 1011 )   Objective To investigate effects of the social and psychological factors and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) gene to asthma susceptibility in Han nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods IDA (irritability, depression, and anxiety scale), TCSQ (trait coping style questionnaire), SSRS (social support rating scale), and general situation investigation list were used to evaluate the social and psychological factors on 175 asthma patients and 180 healthy people as control group. Genotypes and alleles of Stin2 and 5-HTTLPR/rs25331 polymorphism were examined with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of education and subjective support were protective factors for asthma (OR=0.288, P=0.000; OR=0.898, P=0.000), while inward irritability was a risk factor (OR=1.205, P=0.011). There was no significant difference between asthma and control group with the Stin2, 5-HTTLPR/rs25331 genotype, and allele frequencies (P>0.05). Conclusion Some of the social and psychological factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma, but it is still uncertain if 5-HTT gene polymorphism is relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on application of visual P300 potentials in responsible appreciation of schizophrenia patients by judicial expertise HAN Hui-qin, XIE Bin, MU Jun-lin, et al 2014, 34 (1):  53.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.011 Abstract ( 917 )   PDF (235KB) ( 1079 )   Objective To explore the value of visual P300 potentials in responsible appreciation of schizophrenia patients by judicial expertise. Methods Sixty-eight schizophrenia patients without responsible ability (group A) and 59 schizophrenia patients with limited responsible ability (group B) by judicial expertise and 58 healthy volunteers (group C) were enrolled in this study. They were given visual P300 potentials test. Results Compared to group C, latent periods of N1, N2, and P3 of P300 in groups A and B were significantly longer (P<0.01), and the amplitude of P3 decreased markedly (P<0.01). Compared to group B, latent periods of N1, N2, and P3 of P300 in group A were significantly longer, and amplitude of P3 decreased markedly (P<0.01). Conclusion Visual P300 potentials test has referential meaning in responsible appreciation of schizophrenia by judicial expertise, which needs confirmation by long follow-up. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of different culture media on bacterial colony count in hemodialysis water CAI Hong, ZHANG Wei-ming, YANG Hai-hui, et al 2014, 34 (1):  56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.012 Abstract ( 1418 )   PDF (359KB) ( 1377 )   Objective To compare detection ratio of bacterial colony count in dialysis water with different media and different incubation conditions, and to search for suitable method to detect  bacteria from dialysis water. Methods Between January and December of 2012, 152 samples of hemodialysis water from Hemodialysis Center of Renji Hospital were randomly collected. The samples were cultured in duplicate on spread plates with blood agar, tryptic soy agar (TSA), Reasoner′s 2A (R2A), and tryptone glucose extract agar (TGEA), respectively, at 20, 30, and 35 ℃ for 48-168 h.  After incubation, the numbers of colonies were quantified. Results In blood agar, the bacterial colony counts of dialysis water were the lowest with significant differences compared to TGEA and R2A culture media (P<0.05, P<0.01). In R2A agar, the detection rate of bacteria at 20 ℃ for 168 h was significantly higher than that in blood agar at 35 ℃ for 48 h (67.1% vs 43.4%, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed that there was close consistence between the detection rates of bacteria in R2A agar at 20 ℃ for 168 h and in TGEA agar at 30 ℃ for 120 h. Conclusion The method of R2A or TGEA agar culture could improve the detection rate of bacterial colony count in dialysis water in comparing to the method of blood culture. The method of R2A at 20 ℃ for 168 h or TGEA at 30 ℃ for 120 h is the suitable method for bacteria detection in dialysis water. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors for nosocomial infection in agranulocytosis patients after chemotherapy to hematological malignancy MAO Yuan-fei, YOU Jian-hua, ZHANG Li-na, et al 2014, 34 (1):  60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.013 Abstract ( 1053 )   PDF (377KB) ( 1265 )   Objective To investigate correlation between nosocomial infection and the characteristics of agranulocytosis patients after chemotherapy to hematological malignancy, and to explore the risk factors. Methods By means of the retrospective study, the clinical and laboratory parameters of 214 agranulocytosis patients between July 2012 and June 2013 were analyzed. Among them, 68 without any infection were selected as group A; 84 with clinical diagnosis nosocomial infection, group B; and the rest 62 with etiology diagnosis nosocomial infection, group C. The data were analyzed with iterative multinomial logistic regression model after single factor analysis. Results The incidence of nosocomial infection was 68.22%. The results showed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML), seasons of hospitalization, WBC<0.8×109/L, and no prophylactic antibiotics before infection were independent risk factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection in agranulocytosis patients after chemotherapy to hematological malignancy is high. In order to improve treatment and prolong survival periods of these patients, good efforts should be taken on to prevent nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection, especially for the patients with AML, admitted in summer or autumn, or WBC<0.8×109/L. Related Articles | Metrics

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Significance of IL-17 upregulation by IL-21 in patients with Graves disease LU Yong-xia, LIU Chun 2014, 34 (1):  65.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.014 Abstract ( 879 )   PDF (393KB) ( 997 )   Objective To analyze the role of IL-21 in IL-17 upregulation of patients with Graves disease (GD). Methods Thirty patients with GD were enrolled as GD group; 17 patients with euthyroid GD after treatment, as eGD group; and 18 healthy subjects, as control group. Electrochemical luminescence detection was used to determine levels of thyroid function indexes (FT3, FT4, and uTSH) and autoantibodies (TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence or absence of IL-21 in vitro. The level of IL-17 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expressions of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA were examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Compared to control and eGD groups, there were significantly differences in the levels of thyroid function indexes in GD group (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference between control group and eGD group (P>0.05). Before IL-12 stimulation, compared to control group, expressions of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA and level of IL-17 protein were significantly higher in GD and eGD groups (P<0.05); but there were no significant differences between GD group and eGD group (P>0.05). After IL-12 stimulation, expressions of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA and IL-17 protein levels markedly increased in all three groups, which were significantly higher in GD and eGD groups compared to control group (P<0.05). There were no differences of the values between GD group and eGD group (P>0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that IL-21 involved in the pathogenesis of GD through IL-17 upregulation, which might be not dependent on thyroid function but be related to autoimmunity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological study of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma GUAN Wen-bin, XU Ke-chun, XU Yan-chun, et al 2014, 34 (1):  70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.015 Abstract ( 1137 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 1235 )   Objective To study the pathologic characteristics of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods Thirty cases of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma were reviewed by histological and immunohistochemical observation. Results There were 22 boys and 8 girls. Histologically, all the cases were divided into embryonal, alveolar, and spindle/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma types, in which, embryonal type accounted for 66.67% (20/30); alveolar type, 26.67% (8/30); and spindle/sclerosing type, 6.67% (2/30). The location of the tumors included the trunk （50%, 15/30), head and neck (23.33%, 7/30), extremities (20%, 6/30), and urinary system (6.67%, 2/30). Immunohistochemical staining findings indicated that muscle-specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), Desmin, myogenin (MyoG), and MyoD-1 had different degrees of positive expression. Conclusion Embryonal, alveolar, and spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma are main histological types of rhabdomyosarcoma of children. They mainly show primitive small round cells with rhabdomyoblast cells in some cases. Tumor cells express different levels of muscle origin marks such as MSA, SMA, Desmin, MyoG, and MyoD-1. Differential diagnosis should be made with neuroblastoma and peripheral primitive neural ectoderm tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and pathological study of uterine serous carcinoma and its precancerous lesions in postmenopausal women ZHOU Xiao-fei, ZHONG Yi-cun 2014, 34 (1):  75.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.016 Abstract ( 938 )   PDF (470KB) ( 1298 )   Objective To study the correlationship of morphology and immunohistochemistry of uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and its precancerous lesion of endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD) in the postmenopausal women. Methods The clinical and pathological manifestations of 14 cases of USC and EmGD were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of P53 protein, Ki-67 index, estrogen receptor (ER), and progestrone receptor (PR) in the tissues. And 10 cases of normal postmenopausal endometrium were enrolled as control group. Results The clinical and pathological features of USC and EmGD were distinctive. Compared to normal endometrium tissues, the local expression of P53 protein and the Ki-67 index in USC were the highest, meanwhile the local expression of P53 and Ki-67 index in EmGD were between those in USC and in normal endometrium. Conclusion There is significant correlation between EmGD and USC, the former can be regarded as precancerous lesion of USC. In addition to treat the patients with USC comprehensively, we also should take active and effective measures to deal with patients with EmGD to block the occurrence of USC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinicopathologic analysis of 35 cases of cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma ZHU Mei-juan, CHEN Jie, LIU Rui-xu 2014, 34 (1):  79.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.017 Abstract ( 1506 )   PDF (847KB) ( 1257 )   Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic features of cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma in order to provide reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods The clinical and pathological manifestations of 35 patients with cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The expressions of human papilloma virus and carcino-embryonic antigen were detected by using SP immunohistochemical method. Results Among 35 cases, 32 were endocervical type, 2, minimal deviation; and 2, villoglandular. The positive rate of cervical cytology was 42.9% (15/35). Missed diagnosis was found in 4 cases. One case was missed in cervical smears; 1, cervical biopsy diagnosis; and 2, abnormal gland cells in cervical biopsy. The 2 with abnormal gland cells were diagnosed as cervical invasive adenocarcinoma by loopelectrosurgical excision procedure. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that 26 had positive expressions of carcinoembryonic antigen （26/35, 74.3%）, and 14 had positive expressions of human papilloma virus (14/35, 40.0%). Among the 14 patients, 8 had squamous intraepithelial lesions. Conclusion Cervical cytological test is effective in the diagnosis of cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma. Early stage cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma is difficult to be detected. Cervical excisional biopsy and endocervical curettage are beneficial to its diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervention effect of diabetic high risk population based on self-efficacy theory in Shanghai ZHU Jing-fen, DAI Li-hua, SHEN Tian, et al 2014, 34 (1):  83.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.018 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (374KB) ( 1153 )   Objective To study the effect of self-efficacy on the control of disease situation and behavior change in diabetic high risk population. Methods A sample of 145 impaired glucose regulation (IGR) patients was taken from a community in Shanghai and randomly assigned to intervention group or control group. The patients in the intervention group received intervention based on self-efficacy theory for 6 months under the community doctors′ guidance. All patients received questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood glucose and lipid test before and after intervention. Results The baseline scores of self-efficacy were 27.52±6.45 and 27.16±7.63 in intervention group and control group, respectively. After intervention, the score of self-efficacy in intervention group (30.34±4.38) was significantly higher than that in control group (27.53±7.64)（P<0.05）. Fasting plasma glucose（FPG） and postprandial 2 hours glucose (PG2H) decreased in the intervention group after intervention compared with baseline. There was significant difference of FPG level between the two groups （P<0.05）after intervention. PG2H was decreased in intervention group compared to control group among IGT patients (P<0.05). Exercise frequency had no obvious change before and after intervention in the intervention group, but the proportion of the exercise time more than 30 min was increased after intervention (70.5%) compared to before intervention (57.9%)(P<0.05). Six months later, patients in intervention group had higher scores of diabetic knowledge and status than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Changes in the level of self-efficacy has certain effect on control of glucose level and exercise behavior in diabetic high risk population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Health effect of new rural cooperative medical system ZHANG Rong, CAO Qian, LU Yun, et al 2014, 34 (1):  88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.019 Abstract ( 1053 )   PDF (489KB) ( 1168 )   Objective To explore whether the new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) had any effect on promoting farmers′ related health index, and to quantitatively evaluate the implementation of NCMS. Methods Data of rural residents participating NCMS in 2004 and 2009 were evaluated with the different to different method (DID model) and Probit model. The samples were divided into control group (n=1 058) and participation group (n=2 879). The changes of health effect evaluation index (four weeks prevalence rate, body mass index, and self-reported health) of the two groups were evaluated. Results The NCMS was certain to promote the body mass index (r=－0.139, P=0.036, OR=0.871) and self-reported health (r=－0.214, P=0.001, OR=0.807), but had no significant effect to the prevalence rate. Job, age, and income were relevant factors for abnormal body mass index. Gender, age, income, family size, and marital status had influence on selfperceived health value (P＜0.05). Conclusion For more effectively promoting the NCMS effects on health related index in rural life, more attention should be paid to broadcast the health life concept; healthy life style should be developed; and the medical and health care service should be emphasized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data envelopment analysis-based comparative analysis for operational efficiency of upper first-class general hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai TANG Lei, ZHANG Wei, YUAN Hui-yun, et al 2014, 34 (1):  95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.020 Abstract ( 968 )   PDF (365KB) ( 1236 )   Objective To compare operational efficiency, characteristics, and shortage of upper first-class general hospitals (UFGHs) in Beijing and Shanghai by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, and to provide suggestions and discuss the evaluation of DEA method. Methods Four input indexes and 4 output indexes in 2009 of 12 UFGHs in Shanghai and 12 UFGHs in Beijing were collected. BCC model of DEA method was used to analyze the operational efficiency of these hospitals. Results The operational efficiency and ratio of efficiency of UFGHs in Beijing and Shanghai were higher than hospitals in other cities of China. Compared to Beijing, the overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of UFGHs in Shanghai were higher, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In non-DEA effective hospitals in Shanghai, there was redundancy of open beds and fixed assets investment. There were significant differences in total employees and fixed assets investment of input and output indexes of UFGHs in both cities (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion DEA is an effective method to evalute multiple inputs and outputs of hospitals and an assisted tool for hospital management and health decision making. The hospitals′ operational efficiency in Beijing and Shanghai are equivalent in high level. The way to increase hospitals′ operational efficiency is controlling scale and input, strengthening internal constructions, reducing operational costs, rationally allocating medical resources, and constantly improving the management level in refinement, specialization, and scientization. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Public health administration)

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Effects of vocation practicability physical education on physiological function of nursing students XU Zhong-ming, XU Di 2014, 34 (1):  100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.021 Abstract ( 1062 )   PDF (277KB) ( 1128 )   Objective To investigate effectiveness of vocation practicability physical education (VPPE) in order to strengthen physique and enhance vocation-related abilities of nursing students. Methods A total of 228 female students from Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences were enrolled in this program in 2012, who were randomly divided into VPPE group (n=115) and control group (n=113). The changes of physical quality, body composition, and the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) operating time were measured after 16-week-long practice. Results Before the trial, there were no significant differences among the parameters of physical quality, body composition, and CPR operating time of both groups (P>0.05). After the trial, the parameters were all improved, but the changes of VPPE group were obviously higher than those of control group. Compared to control group, in physical quality, the abilities of long-distance race (800 m) and handgrip strength improved; the body fat decreased and muscles of extremities except of the left arm increased; and the CPR operating time increased in VPPE group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion The VPPE is effective and practicable in improving the physical quality and ability of students in adapting the future work. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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67LR—structure, function, and interaction with epigallocatechingallate QIAN Yun, WANG Ruo-xi, LU Jing-lu, et al 2014, 34 (1):  104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.022 Abstract ( 1534 )   PDF (394KB) ( 1340 )   The laminin receptor (67LR), relative molecular mass 67 000, is a non-integrin cell surface receptor for the extracellular matrix, with a higher expression in tumor cells than normal ones. The 67LR originates from 37LRP (relative molecular mass 37 000) through fatty acid acylation. It is widely involved in several processes of tumor cells, such as growth, metastasis, invasion, and apoptosis. It is not only a receptor for laminin but for several viruses and prion proteins. As the major surface receptor for epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), 67LR can coordinate with EGCG in regulation of several signal pathways and in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis and promotion of apoptosis. The studies on mechanism of interaction between 67LR and EGCG are reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone and gynecologic oncology JI Xiao-ning, FENG You-ji 2014, 34 (1):  109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.023 Abstract ( 996 )   PDF (288KB) ( 1392 )   The understanding and application of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were mainly limited to gynecology reproductive endocrinology in the past days. While in recent years, more studies have been focusing on the correlation between AMH and gynecologic oncology. In accordance with the present research, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of ovary has the highest correlation with AMH，which has been proven to be an effective serum tumor marker in clinical practice for early diagnosis, therapeutic effect evaluation, prognostic evaluation, and recurrence monitoring. The further researches find that AMH can also significantly inhibit epithelial ovarian cancer cells, so it promises to be a new auxiliary therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Additionally, the correlation between AMH and cervical cancer and whether it may be a new targeted therapy are worthy of further studying. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status and prospect in dendritic cell vaccine for ovarian cancer LU Jiang-wen, LI Jia-rui 2014, 34 (1):  113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.024 Abstract ( 1147 )   PDF (330KB) ( 1335 )   Ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among gynecological cancers. Currently, radical treatment is not yet available. Dendritic cells (DCs), whose sole duty is antigen-presenting, can significantly stimulate the proliferation of naive T cells, thus playing a unique role in immune reaction. Recently, anti-ovarian cancer treatment using DCs vaccine has become one of the hot spots in immunotherapy. This paper reviews the current status of DCs vaccine research, including the preparation and clinical trials of the vaccines, mechanism of DCs affecting carcinoma, and the imperfectness and prospect of this technology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between COPD with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer′s disease YU Su-li, ZHOU Min 2014, 34 (1):  117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.025 Abstract ( 1070 )   PDF (332KB) ( 1343 )   Cognitive dysfunction is very common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but the mechanism has not been illustrated clearly. The common thought internationally is that chronic hypoxia and/or hypercarbia play important roles in the process of neuron damage. Hypoxia activates body′s inflammatory response and releases a series inflammatory factors that contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and neuron damage. Recent years, many reports pointed out that the chronic hypoxia is a high risk factor in the progress of Alzheimer′s disease. The current studies of the relation between COPD with cognitive dysfunction and dementia of Alzheimer′s disease are reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 ZHU Jia-fang, GU Ming-min 2014, 34 (1):  121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.026 Abstract ( 982 )   PDF (414KB) ( 1231 )   Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) serves as a tumor suppressor correlated with tumor metastasis and prognosis. The coiled-coil motifs of BRMS1 have the capability of homo-oligomerizing to form a trio of dimers and mediates physical association with the Sorting Nexin 6 (SNX6), and nuclear localization signal 2 （NLS2）is discovered critical to the suppressor function. BRMS1, by forming complexes with mSin-histone deacetylase complex (mSin:HDAC), suppresses expression or activities of multiple downstream targets including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), osteopontin (OPN), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as metastasis-promoting miRNA, which affect metastasis of ovarian cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In this article, recent advances on BRMS1 suppression metastasis are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

Case report

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One case report of postoperative bone metastases after treatment of Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Decoction to breast cancer ZHU Li-min 2014, 34 (1):  126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.01.027 Abstract ( 1012 )   PDF (212KB) ( 1395 )   The incidence of breast cancer in our country shows obvious rising trend in recent years, and bone metastases was found in 60%-70% patients with postoperative recurrence. The follow-up reports in accordance with the outpatient treatment of traditional Chinese medicine on postoperative bone metastases of breast cancer for more than five years were few. The process of syndrome differentiation treatment on a case of patient with postoperative bone metastases of breast cancer diagnosed in the outpatient of Longhua Hospital and treated with Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Decoction for 8 years was reviewed. The symptoms of debilitation, waist pain, restlessness at night, loss of appetite, constipation, dry mouth, and bitter mouth of the patient were gradually faded. The perception of lower limb is normal to walk. The patient has no bone pain with good appetite and spirit, and gained 11 kg in weight. The treatments has a good clinical effect for eight years. Related Articles | Metrics