上海交通大学学报(医学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1580-1586.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.006
• 临床护理专题 • 上一篇
吴志山1(), 黄润2, 梁丽萍3, 朱宇婷2, 郑乔木1, 姜丽萍4(
)
收稿日期:
2020-12-18
出版日期:
2021-07-12
发布日期:
2021-07-12
通讯作者:
姜丽萍
E-mail:zhishan0110@163.com;13868311990@163.com
作者简介:
吴志山(1994—),男,硕士生;电子信箱:zhishan0110@163.com。
基金资助:
Zhi-shan WU1(), Run HUANG2, Li-ping LIANG3, Yu-ting ZHU2, Qiao-mu ZHENG1, Li-ping JIANG4(
)
Received:
2020-12-18
Online:
2021-07-12
Published:
2021-07-12
Contact:
Li-ping JIANG
E-mail:zhishan0110@163.com;13868311990@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
目的·了解重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)老年患者术后谵妄发生的特征并分析其影响因素。方法·采用方便抽样法,选取2020年5月—9月入住上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科ICU的老年术后患者作为研究对象。采用ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method-ICU,CAM-ICU)对患者进行谵妄评估。从患者手术结束转入ICU后开始评估,至术后第7日或转出ICU停止评估,记录患者谵妄发生情况。收集患者人口学及临床相关资料,并采用单因素分析和Logistic多因素回归分析探讨ICU老年患者术后谵妄的影响因素。结果·共纳入343例患者,103例发生术后谵妄,发生率为30.03%。谵妄发生时间在手术结束后7.5~130.0 h,平均为(47.4±29.7)h,中位数为35.5(23.0,61.0)h。谵妄发生在全天各时间段内分布均匀,仅术后24 h内谵妄昼夜发生时间存在集中趋势,高发时间为上午11:53,其他时间发生的谵妄昼夜分布无显著集中趋势。谵妄持续时间为6.5~131.0 h,平均为(32.4±28.1)h,中位数为20.5(14.0,45.0)h。单因素分析显示,谵妄组和无谵妄组患者的性别、糖尿病史、心功能分级、美国麻醉医师协会 (American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)麻醉分级、术中资料(手术时长、出血量、体外循环、低血压)、术后资料(机械通气、氧合指数)等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ASA分级、术中低血压、术中体外循环对ICU老年患者术后谵妄有显著影响(均P<0.05)。结论·ICU老年患者术后谵妄发生率高,ASA分级高、术中低血压及术中体外循环是术后谵妄发生的影响因素。医护人员应了解其发生的特征及影响因素,加强谵妄评估并及时实施防治措施,以降低谵妄发生率、缩短谵妄持续时间。
中图分类号:
吴志山, 黄润, 梁丽萍, 朱宇婷, 郑乔木, 姜丽萍. ICU老年患者术后谵妄发生的特征及影响因素分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2021, 41(12): 1580-1586.
Zhi-shan WU, Run HUANG, Li-ping LIANG, Yu-ting ZHU, Qiao-mu ZHENG, Li-ping JIANG. Characteristics and influencing factors of postoperative delirium among elderly patients in intensive care unit[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(12): 1580-1586.
Item | Non-delirium group (n=240) | Delirium group (n=103) | t/Z/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender/n (%) | 3.894 | 0.048 | ||
Male | 147 (61.3) | 74 (71.8) | ||
Female | 93 (38.7) | 29 (28.2) | ||
Age/year | 68.13±5.54 | 69.18±5.96 | -1.570 | 0.118 |
BMI/n (%) | 1.335 | 0.513 | ||
<18.5 (kg·m-2) | 19 (7.9) | 5 (4.9) | ||
≥18.5 and <24.0 (kg·m-2) | 120 (50.0) | 50 (48.5) | ||
≥24.0 (kg·m-2) | 101 (42.1) | 48 (46.6) | ||
Smoking history/n (%) | 3.383 | 0.066 | ||
Yes | 52 (21.7) | 32 (31.1) | ||
No | 188 (78.3) | 71 (68.9) | ||
Drinking history/n (%) | 0.249 | 0.618 | ||
Yes | 23 (9.6) | 12 (11.7) | ||
No | 217 (90.4) | 91 (88.3) | ||
Hypertension/n (%) | 0.847 | 0.646 | ||
Yes | 127 (52.9) | 59 (57.3) | ||
No | 113 (47.1) | 44 (42.7) | ||
Diabetes/n (%) | 4.033 | 0.045 | ||
Yes | 40 (16.7) | 28 (27.2) | ||
No | 200 (83.3) | 75 (72.8) | ||
Stroke/n (%) | 2.243 | 0.134 | ||
Yes | 27 (11.2) | 19 (18.4) | ||
No | 213 (88.8) | 84 (81.6) | ||
Kinds of drug/n (%) | 0.015 | 0.902 | ||
<5 | 220 (91.7) | 94 (91.3) | ||
≥5 | 20 (8.3) | 9 (8.7) | ||
Prealbumin/(mg·L-1) | 225.51±56.97 | 226.05±61.28 | 0.380 | 0.704 |
Albumin/(g·L-1) | 41.83±7.24 | 40.46±4.07 | 1.785 | 0.075 |
Cardiac function/n (%) | 14.328 | 0.000 | ||
<Ⅲ | 180 (75.0) | 56 (54.4) | ||
≥Ⅲ | 60 (25.0) | 47 (45.6) | ||
ASA/n (%) | 25.389 | 0.000 | ||
Ⅱ | 97 (40.4) | 14 (13.6) | ||
Ⅲ | 110 (45.8) | 62 (60.2) | ||
Ⅳ | 33 (13.8) | 27 (26.2) | ||
Operation duration/min | 196.44±87.68 | 233.49±79.98 | -3.674 | 0.001 |
Intraoperative blood loss/mL | 100 (50, 200) | 200 (95, 300) | -3.776 | 0.000 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass/n (%) | 18.050 | 0.000 | ||
Yes | 40 (16.7) | 40 (38.8) | ||
No | 200 (83.3) | 63 (61.2) | ||
Intraoperative hypotension/n (%) | 30.616 | 0.000 | ||
Yes | 60 (25.0) | 57 (55.3) | ||
No | 180 (75.0) | 46 (44.7) | ||
Mechanical ventilation/n (%) | 8.579 | 0.003 | ||
Yes | 175 (72.9) | 90 (87.4) | ||
No | 65 (27.1) | 13 (12.6) | ||
Oxygenation index/mmHg | 316.94±119.26 | 259.27±128.51 | 4.037 | 0.000 |
Lactic acid/(mg·L-1) | 2.70 (2.20, 3.80) | 2.90 (2.10, 4.00) | -1.065 | 0.287 |
表1 术后谵妄组与非谵妄组患者相关资料的比较(n=343)
Tab 1 Comparison of relevant factors between postoperative delirium and non-delirium patients (n=343)
Item | Non-delirium group (n=240) | Delirium group (n=103) | t/Z/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender/n (%) | 3.894 | 0.048 | ||
Male | 147 (61.3) | 74 (71.8) | ||
Female | 93 (38.7) | 29 (28.2) | ||
Age/year | 68.13±5.54 | 69.18±5.96 | -1.570 | 0.118 |
BMI/n (%) | 1.335 | 0.513 | ||
<18.5 (kg·m-2) | 19 (7.9) | 5 (4.9) | ||
≥18.5 and <24.0 (kg·m-2) | 120 (50.0) | 50 (48.5) | ||
≥24.0 (kg·m-2) | 101 (42.1) | 48 (46.6) | ||
Smoking history/n (%) | 3.383 | 0.066 | ||
Yes | 52 (21.7) | 32 (31.1) | ||
No | 188 (78.3) | 71 (68.9) | ||
Drinking history/n (%) | 0.249 | 0.618 | ||
Yes | 23 (9.6) | 12 (11.7) | ||
No | 217 (90.4) | 91 (88.3) | ||
Hypertension/n (%) | 0.847 | 0.646 | ||
Yes | 127 (52.9) | 59 (57.3) | ||
No | 113 (47.1) | 44 (42.7) | ||
Diabetes/n (%) | 4.033 | 0.045 | ||
Yes | 40 (16.7) | 28 (27.2) | ||
No | 200 (83.3) | 75 (72.8) | ||
Stroke/n (%) | 2.243 | 0.134 | ||
Yes | 27 (11.2) | 19 (18.4) | ||
No | 213 (88.8) | 84 (81.6) | ||
Kinds of drug/n (%) | 0.015 | 0.902 | ||
<5 | 220 (91.7) | 94 (91.3) | ||
≥5 | 20 (8.3) | 9 (8.7) | ||
Prealbumin/(mg·L-1) | 225.51±56.97 | 226.05±61.28 | 0.380 | 0.704 |
Albumin/(g·L-1) | 41.83±7.24 | 40.46±4.07 | 1.785 | 0.075 |
Cardiac function/n (%) | 14.328 | 0.000 | ||
<Ⅲ | 180 (75.0) | 56 (54.4) | ||
≥Ⅲ | 60 (25.0) | 47 (45.6) | ||
ASA/n (%) | 25.389 | 0.000 | ||
Ⅱ | 97 (40.4) | 14 (13.6) | ||
Ⅲ | 110 (45.8) | 62 (60.2) | ||
Ⅳ | 33 (13.8) | 27 (26.2) | ||
Operation duration/min | 196.44±87.68 | 233.49±79.98 | -3.674 | 0.001 |
Intraoperative blood loss/mL | 100 (50, 200) | 200 (95, 300) | -3.776 | 0.000 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass/n (%) | 18.050 | 0.000 | ||
Yes | 40 (16.7) | 40 (38.8) | ||
No | 200 (83.3) | 63 (61.2) | ||
Intraoperative hypotension/n (%) | 30.616 | 0.000 | ||
Yes | 60 (25.0) | 57 (55.3) | ||
No | 180 (75.0) | 46 (44.7) | ||
Mechanical ventilation/n (%) | 8.579 | 0.003 | ||
Yes | 175 (72.9) | 90 (87.4) | ||
No | 65 (27.1) | 13 (12.6) | ||
Oxygenation index/mmHg | 316.94±119.26 | 259.27±128.51 | 4.037 | 0.000 |
Lactic acid/(mg·L-1) | 2.70 (2.20, 3.80) | 2.90 (2.10, 4.00) | -1.065 | 0.287 |
Variable | Assignment instruction |
---|---|
Gender | Male=0; Female=1 |
Diabetes | No=0; Yes=1 |
Cardiac function | <Ⅲ(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)=0; ≥Ⅲ(Ⅲ、Ⅳ)=1 |
ASA classification | Ⅱ=1(reference group); Ⅲ=2; Ⅳ=3 |
Operation duration | Original value |
Intraoperative blood loss | Original value |
Intraoperative hypotension | No=0; Yes=1 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass | No=0; Yes=1 |
Mechanical ventilation | No=0; Yes=1 |
Oxygenation index | Original value |
表2 多因素分析自变量赋值
Tab 2 Assignment of independent variables in multivariate analysis
Variable | Assignment instruction |
---|---|
Gender | Male=0; Female=1 |
Diabetes | No=0; Yes=1 |
Cardiac function | <Ⅲ(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)=0; ≥Ⅲ(Ⅲ、Ⅳ)=1 |
ASA classification | Ⅱ=1(reference group); Ⅲ=2; Ⅳ=3 |
Operation duration | Original value |
Intraoperative blood loss | Original value |
Intraoperative hypotension | No=0; Yes=1 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass | No=0; Yes=1 |
Mechanical ventilation | No=0; Yes=1 |
Oxygenation index | Original value |
Item | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | OR | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intraoperative hypotension | 1.273 | 0.261 | 23.775 | 0.000 | 3.573 | 2.142‒5.962 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass | 0.729 | 0.291 | 6.290 | 0.012 | 2.073 | 1.173‒3.666 |
ASA(Ⅱ) | ‒ | ‒ | 15.068 | 0.001 | 1.000 | ‒ |
ASA(Ⅲ) | 1.216 | 0.343 | 12.547 | 0.000 | 3.373 | 1.721‒6.609 |
ASA(Ⅳ) | 1.455 | 0.416 | 12.199 | 0.000 | 4.283 | 1.893‒9.687 |
Constant | -2.499 | 0.324 | 59.482 | 0.000 | 0.082 | ‒ |
表3 ICU老年患者术后谵妄影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
Tab 3 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly ICU patients
Item | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | OR | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intraoperative hypotension | 1.273 | 0.261 | 23.775 | 0.000 | 3.573 | 2.142‒5.962 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass | 0.729 | 0.291 | 6.290 | 0.012 | 2.073 | 1.173‒3.666 |
ASA(Ⅱ) | ‒ | ‒ | 15.068 | 0.001 | 1.000 | ‒ |
ASA(Ⅲ) | 1.216 | 0.343 | 12.547 | 0.000 | 3.373 | 1.721‒6.609 |
ASA(Ⅳ) | 1.455 | 0.416 | 12.199 | 0.000 | 4.283 | 1.893‒9.687 |
Constant | -2.499 | 0.324 | 59.482 | 0.000 | 0.082 | ‒ |
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全文 1260
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摘要 1022
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