| Problems in nursing profession and work（护理专业及工作方面的问题） | K1 | The social status of nursing work is too low （护理工作的社会地位太低） | 0.78 |
| K2 | There are too few opportunities for further study （继续深造的机会太少） | 0.89 |
| K3 | Wages and other benefits are low （工资及其他的福利待遇低） | 1.00 |
| K4 | There are too few opportunities for promotion （晋升的机会太少） | 1.00 |
| K5 | Work shifts frequently （经常倒班） | 1.00 |
| K6 | The task of continuing education is heavy （继续教育任务繁重） | 0.89 |
| K7 | There is much work in teaching and scientific researches （教学、科研方面工作较多） | 1.00 |
Problems in time allocation and workload （时间分配及工作量方面的问题） | K8 | Too much work （工作量太大） | 1.00 |
| K9 | The number of nurses at work is small （上班的护士数量少） | 1.00 |
| K10 | There is no time to carry out preoperative and postoperative visit work and psychological nursing for patients （没有时间对患者实施术前、术后的访视工作及心理护理） | 0.78 |
| K11 | Overtime is too long （加班时间过长） | 1.00 |
| K12 | Too much useless recording （in writing and on computer） ［无用的记录工作太多（书面、电脑）］ | 0.78 |
Problems in working environment， surgical instruments and equipments （工作环境及手术器械、仪器设备方面的问题） | K13 | The working environment is poor， including many factors such as anesthetic exhaust gas， equipment noise， radiation， and blood borne occupational exposure （工作环境差，存在麻醉废气、设备噪音、辐射、血源性职业暴露等因素） | 1.00 |
| K14 | The surgical instruments and equipments needed in the work are insufficient （工作中所需的手术器械、仪器设备不足） | 0.89 |
| K15 | It is difficult to master the usage methods of all kinds of instruments and equipments （难以全面掌握各类仪器设备的使用方法） | 0.89 |
Problems in operation nursing and patient nursing （手术护理及患者护理方面的问题） | K16 | Worrying about mistakes and accidents in work （such as check， specimens， and count） ［担心工作中出现差错事故（如核对、标本、清点等）］ | 0.89 |
| K17 | The nursing work is not recognized by doctors （护士工作未被医生承认） | 0.89 |
| K18 | The operation you are involved in is too complicated and difficult （参与的手术过于复杂、疑难） | 1.00 |
| K19 | Emergency rescues during operations （such as massive hemorrhage and cardiac arrest） ［术中突发意外抢救（如大出血、心跳骤停等）］ | 1.00 |
| K20 | Standing for a long time with heavy physical load （长时间持续站立，体能负荷大） | 1.00 |
| K21 | Focused attention and high mental stress during operations （手术中注意力集中，精神高度紧张） | 0.89 |
| K22 | The long-term face of various surgical scenes leads to negative emotions （长期面对各类手术场景导致产生负性情绪） | 1.00 |
| K23 | The knowledge learned cannot meet the psychological needs of patients and their families （during visits） ［所学的知识不能满足患者及家属的心理需要（访视时）］ | 0.78 |
| K24 | Lack of professional knowledge and skills related to operation preparation and nursing cooperation （缺乏手术准备与护理配合相关的专业知识与技能） | 0.89 |
| K25 | Worrying about the patients' skin pressure injury and hypothermia during operations （担心手术中会引起患者皮肤压力性损伤、低体温等情况） | 0.89 |
| K26 | The patients undergoing surgeries die suddenly （手术的患者突然死亡） | 1.00 |
Problems in management and interpersonal relationship （管理及人际关系方面的问题） | K27 | Lack of understanding and respect from other health workers （缺乏其他卫生工作人员的理解及尊重） | 0.78 |
| K28 | Lack of understanding and support from nursing managers （护理管理者的理解与支持不够） | 1.00 |
| K29 | Too much criticism from nursing managers （护理管理者的批评过多） | 1.00 |
| K30 | Doctors are too fussy about nursing work （医生对护理工作过分挑剔） | 0.89 |
| K31 | Lack of understanding and support among colleagues （同事之间缺乏理解与支持） | 0.89 |
| K32 | Conflicts with nursing managers （与护理管理者发生冲突） | 0.78 |
| K33 | It is difficult to cooperate with some nurses in the ward （与病房的某些护士合作困难） | 0.78 |
| K34 | Conflicts with doctors （与医生发生冲突） | 0.78 |
| K35 | Lack of friendly and cooperative atmosphere among colleagues （同事之间缺乏友好合作的气氛） | 0.89 |
), 章雅青1(