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25 July 2010, Volume 30 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Original article (Basic research)

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Effects of CD2AP mutation on distribution of cytoskeletal protein F-actin in podocytes ZHAO Cai-xia, PAN Xiao-xia, FENG Xiao-bei, et al 2010, 30 (7):  747.  Abstract ( 2386 )   PDF (7578KB) ( 1228 )   Objective To construct mutant CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) fluorescence expression vector and transfect into podocytes, and investigate the distribution of F-actin in podocytes. Methods Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA6-V5-CD2AP site-directed mutagenesis for 160G>A heterozygous mutation in exon 2 of CD2AP was conducted, and identification was performed by sequencing. Wild-type and mutant recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-CD2AP fluorescence expression vectors were constructed with wild-type and mutant plasmid and pEGFP-C1 fluorescence expression vectors, respectively, and mouse podocytes were transfected. The distributions of F-actin in podocytes at different cell cycles were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results Sequencing analysis revealed that sitedirect mutagenesis of 160 G in exon 2 of pcDNA6-V5-CD2AP eukaryotic expression vector CD2AP to A was performed, while there was no changes in the other bases. In the interphase of cell division, F-actin in untransfected podocytes lined in parallel as fiber bundle. F-actin in podocytes transfected with wild-type recombinant plasmid displayed thick, short dot-like structures mainly around the nuclei, while F-actin in podocytes transfected with mutant recombinant plasmid expressed along the cytoplasm membrane. In the metaphase of cell division, F-actin filaments transfected with wild-type recombinant plasmid aggregated encircling podocytes, while those transfected with mutant recombinant plasmid only emerged as a number increase in cytoplasm with some regional aggregation. Conclusion Wild-type and mutant recombinant CD2AP fluorescence expression vectors are successfully constructed. CD2AP gene 160G>A heterozygous mutation may lead to the cytoskeletal changes of F-actin in the interphase and metaphase of cell division of podocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1 and VDR in rat UUO models XIE Sheng-bin, WANG Wei-ming, CHEN nan 2010, 30 (7):  752.  Abstract ( 3767 )   PDF (12513KB) ( 1795 )   Objective To observe the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models, and investigate the changes in expression of renal fibrosis-related proteins during the pathological course. Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n=16) and UUO model group (model group, n=16). Rats were sacrificed 2, 5, 9 and 14 d after operation (after model establishment for model group) (n=4 for each day), and the renal tissues of the operated side (obstructed side for model group) were obtained. HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to evaluate the degree of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in renal tissues. Results Histological observations of renal tissues revealed that the degree of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis gradually increased with time of ureteral obstruction. It was indicated by immunohistochemical staining that the percentages of area with positive α-SMA and FN in renal interstitium of model group, which gradually increased with time of ureteral obstruction and reached the peak 14 d after model establishment, were significantly higher than those of sham-operation group at each time point after model establishment (P<0.05). Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the relative expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 at each time point after model establishment in model group was significantly higher than that in sham-operation group (P<0.05), while the relative expression of VDR was significantly lower than that in sham-operation group (P<0.05). The relative expression of α-SMA in renal tissues of rats in model group significantly increased on the second day after model establishment, and the relative expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in model group was 12.7 times and 8.8 times respectively of that in sham-operation group on the fourteenth day after model establishment, while the relative expression of VDR decreased to 3% of sham-operation group. Conclusion Significant interstitial fibrosis may emerge at 14 d after model establishment in rat UUO models.The expression of α-SMA in renal interstitium increases in the early stage of model establishment, indicating the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts. The progression of decrease in expression of VDR indicates VDR may relate to renal interstitial fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of mouse bone marrow depression and regeneration model and dynamic observations of morphological changes LU Jun-qin, SUN Wen-li, MAO Wen-wei 2010, 30 (7):  758.  Abstract ( 2682 )   PDF (12008KB) ( 1775 )   Objective To dynamically observe the morphological changes of bone marrow of mouse bone marrow depression and regeneration model. Methods Mouse bone marrow depression and regeneration model was established by injection of 250 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) via tail vein. Blood samples were taken before 5-Fu injection (control group, n=6) and 3 d, 7 d, 11 d and 14 d after 5-Fu injection (model 3 d group, model 7 d group, model 11 d group and model 14 d group, respectively, n=6), bone marrow samples were obtained after sacrifice of mice, and bone marrow paraffin sections were then prepared with HE staining. The morphological changes of bone marrow during bone marrow depression and regeneration were dynamically observed. Results Femur bone marrow cavity was saturated with large number of erythrocytes and mononuclear cells, and was sparsely decorated with megakaryocytes. The numbers of erythrocytes, mononuclear cells and megakaryocytes dramatically decreased in model 3 d group, and to a nadir in model 7 d group. Subsequently, bone marrow regeneration initiated, and repopulated cells formed a characteristically dynamic distribution in model 11 d group, with assembly of erythrocytes in lower part of femur and assembly of mononuclear cells and megakaryocytes in middle and upper part of femur, respectively. This distinguished feature began to disappear in model 14 d group. Conclusion There exist a characteristic cell assembly and disassembly process during mouse bone marrow depression and regeneration induced by 5-Fu. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vivo and in vitro study of inhibition effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on renal carcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth MA Bin-bin, ZHOU Pei-jun, XU Da, et al 2010, 30 (7):  763.  Abstract ( 1650 )   PDF (8827KB) ( 1322 )   Objective To investigate the inhibition effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) on renal carcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods The effects of different concentrations of CpG ODN1826 and non-CpG ODN1982 (ODN1982) interventions on proliferation of human renal clear cell carcinoma cell line Caki-1 cultured in vitro were determined with CCK-8 method. Tumor-bearing nude mouse models were established by subcutaneous implantation of Caki-1 cells into 24 BALB/c mice, and were randomly divided into control group (PBS), ODN1982 group (50 μg ODN1982), low-dose CpG ODN1826 group (25 μg CpG ODN1826) and high-dose CpG ODN1826 group (50 μg CpG ODN1826) 4 d later according to means of weekly treatment, with 6 mice in each group. Mice were sacrificed 35 d after model establishment, and changes of tumor volumes, tumor weight and tumor histology were compared among groups. Splenic lymphocytes of tumor-bearing mice in each group were isolated in vitro, and lactate dehydrogenase release method was employed to detect the cytolytic activity of splenic lymphocytes of tumor-bearing mice to tumor cells with different effector/target ratios (splenic lymphocytes∶Caki-1 cells or splenic lymphocytes∶YAC-1 cells). Results ODN1982 had no significant effect on in vitro proliferation of Caki-1 cells, while 500 μg/mL CpG ODN1826 significantly inhibited proliferation of Caki-1 cells. The tumor volumes of low-dose CpG ODN1826 group and high-dose CpG ODN1826 group were significantly smaller than those of control group and ODN1982 group at the end point of experiment （P<0.05）, and there were significant differences in tumor weight among groups (P＜0.05). It was revealed by histological observations that there were more inflammatory cell infiltration in low-dose CpG ODN1826 group and high-dose CpG ODN1826 group. The cytolytic activity of splenic lymphocytes of mice in high-dose CpG ODN1826 group to Caki-1 cells and YAC-1 cells was (9.74±1.16)% and (79.65±5.23)%, respectively at effector/target ratio of 50∶1, and was significantly higher than that in control group [(7.67±0.22)% and (10.12±3.03)%, respectively] and ODN1982 group [(7.66±0.93)% and (27.60±9.83)%, respectively] (P<0.05). Conclusion CpG ODN can inhibit renal carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in tumor-bearing nude mice, and the mechanism may relate to the enhancement of innate immunity by CpG ODN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of lung ischemic preconditioning prior to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on lung tissues DONG Li-ya, YE Yi-zhou, ZHOU Li-jin, et al 2010, 30 (7):  769.  Abstract ( 2007 )   PDF (6310KB) ( 3541 )   Objective To investigate the protective effects of lung ischemic preconditioning in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on lung tissues. Methods Eighteen piglets were randomly divided into ischemic preconditioning group (n=6), joint preconditioning group (ischemic and anoxemic preconditioning, n=6) and control group (no preconditioning, n=6). Values of lung static compliance, pulmonary vascular resistance index, lung wet weight to dry weight ratio and left atrium to pulmonary artery ratios of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10 levels (relative contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) before and after cardiopulmonary bypass were measured in each group, and lung tissues were harvested for observations of pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration under light microscopy with HE staining. Results There was no significant difference in each parameter among groups before cardiopulmonary bypass. After cardiopulmonary bypass, lung static compliance of joint preconditioning group was higher than that of the other two groups (P<0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance index and relative contents of IL-8 and IL-10 in ischemic preconditioning group and joint preconditioning group, and lung wet weight to dry weight ratio in joint preconditioning group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with those before cardiopulmonary bypass, lung static compliance decreased, lung wet weight to dry weight ratio increased, and relative contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 increased in three groups after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.05 for all), and pulmonary vascular resistance index increased in control group and ischemic preconditioning group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in pulmonary vascular resistance index before and after cardiopulmonary bypass in joint preconditioning group (P>0.05). Histological observations indicated that the pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in joint preconditioning group were less severe than those in the other two groups. Conclusion Lung ischemic preconditioning may reduce ischemic reperfusion injury during DHCA, and lung ischemic and anoxemic preconditioning may yield better protective effects than single ischemic preconditioning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line through down-regulation of expression of microRNA-151 by resveratrol XU Ling, WANG Feng, XU Xuan-fu, et al 2010, 30 (7):  774.  Abstract ( 2145 )   PDF (6323KB) ( 1636 )   Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on expression of host gene focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its intronic microRNA (miR-151) in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and explore the possible mechanism of its anti-tumor effect. Methods HepG2 cells cultured in vitro were treated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L Res for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. CCK-8 assay was employed to examine the cell proliferation, and the expression of FAK mRNA and miR-151 was detected by Real-Time PCR. Transfection with miR-151 mimics was conducted, and HepG cells with miR-15 overexpression were obtained (miR-151 overexpression group). Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were adopted to detect the effects of miR-15 overexpression on cell cycle and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Cells transfected with mimics mutants and those without transfection were served as negative controls and blank controls, respectively. Results Res significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and decrease the expression of FAK mRNA and miR-151 of HepG2 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner to some degree. The expression of miR-151 of HepG2 cells in miR-151 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in negative control group and blank control group (P<0.001). Detection by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that miR-151 overexpression shortened G0/G1 phase, fastened cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Conclusion Res may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through down-regulation of expression of miR-151. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ciclosporin on acute rejection and serum IDO activity of rats with heart transplantation GUO Qing, HUANG Jun-ling, WANG Xiang-hui, et al 2010, 30 (7):  779.  Abstract ( 1425 )   PDF (5380KB) ( 1399 )   Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of immunodepressant cyclosporine (CsA) on the degree of acute rejection and activity of serum indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in rats with allogene heart transplantation. Methods With SD and Wistar rats as donors and recipients, respectively, rat cervical heterotopic heart transplantation models were established. Eighteen recipients were randomly divided into control group (n=6), low-dose CsA group (CsA 2 mg·kg-1·d-1, n=6) and high-dose CsA group (CsA 15 mg·kg-1·d-1, n=6). Blood samples were taken from abdominal aorta of recipients on the seventh day after transplantation, and heart transplants were harvested for histological examinations. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels were detected by ELISA, serum kynurenine and tryptophan concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the ratios of kynurenine to tryptophan were calculated to estimate the IDO activity. Routine HE staining was performed on samples of heart transplants, and degree of acute rejection was determined with Stanford criteria. Results For serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels and IDO activity, there were significant differences among groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）, with control group>low-dose CsA group>high-dose CsA group. For degree of acute rejection of heart transplantation, there were significant differences among groups (P＜0.01）, with control group>low-dose CsA group>high-dose CsA group (P＜0.01）. Conclusion CsA may decrease the degree of acute rejection and serum IDO activity in rats with allogene heart transplantation in a dose-dependent manner, and the change of degree of acute rejection is consistent with that of IDO activity. Serum IDO activity may serve as a non-invasive indicator for the prediction and evaluation of acute rejection of transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of acid-sensing currents in vagal primary afferent neurons of murine small intestine LUO Ping, SUN Bi-ying, Li Qian, et al 2010, 30 (7):  783.  Abstract ( 2121 )   PDF (5652KB) ( 1780 )   Objective To investigate the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of acid-sensing currents in vagal primary afferent neurons innervating murine small intestine, and explore the ion channels inducing acid-sensing currents. Methods Vagal primary afferent neurons were labeled retrogradely through injection of active fluorescent dye (DiI) into the jejunal wall, whole-cell patch clamp technique was employed to record the acid-sensing currents induced by extracellular fluid with different pH, and the relationship between acid-sensing currents and pH was explored. Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) antagonists (30 μmol/L benzamil and 100 μmol/L amiloride) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) antagonists (10 μmol/L capsazepine and 10 μmol/L ruthenium red) were added to extracellular fluid with pH 5 (control), and the changes of induced acid-sensing currents were observed. Results Among a total of 52 DiI-labled neurons, inward currents consisting of three distinct types (fast-type current, slow-type current and sustained current) were recorded in 33 neurons. The amplitudes of acid-sensing currents increased with the decrease of pH. The transient component of fast-type current and amplitude of slow-type current significantly decreased by 30 μmol/L benzamil and 100 μmol/L amiloride (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and the amplitude of sustained current significantly decreased by 10 μmol/L capsazepine and 10 μmol/L ruthenium red (P<0.05). Conclusion Vagal primary afferent neurons of the small intestine express at least three types of acid-responsive ion channels, including TRPV1 and two subtypes of ASIC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dysfunction of anion exchanger 2 on secretion and peristalsis of colon ZHANG Cui, WANG Bo, CAI Xuan, et al 2010, 30 (7):  788.  Abstract ( 1503 )   PDF (6795KB) ( 1624 )   Objective To investigate the effects of dysfunction of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) on secretion of epithelial cells of colon mucosa and intestinal peristalsis. Methods SD rat constipation models were established by intragastric administration of diphenoxylate compound (model group, n=17), and SD rats without model establishment were served as controls (control group, n=28). Rat epithelial cells of colon mucosa were isolated and cultured in vitro, changes of pH after adding AE2 inhibitor DIDS into culture fluid of epithelial cells of colon mucosa were compared between model group and control group with single cell ion imaging. Curves of in vitro intestinal peristalsis were drawn with Powerlab System and Chart 5 Software, amplitudes and frequencies of in vitro intestinal peristalsis were compared between groups, and intestinal peristalsis function was evaluated. The changes of intestinal peristalsis function after adding AE2 inhibitor DIDS into culture fluid of in vitro intestine in control group were observed and compared with fast adding test. Results Single cell ion imaging revealed that pH in model group increased after addition of DIDS into culture fluid of epithelial cells of colon mucosa, and was significantly different from that in control group after addition of DIDS (P<0.01). It was obtained from curves of intestinal peristalsis that the amplitude and frequency of in vitro colon smooth muscle peristalsis in model group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), and fast adding test indicated that the amplitude and frequency of in vitro colon smooth muscle peristalsis in control group significantly decreased after addition of DIDS into culture fluid (P<0.05). Conclusion The dysfunction of AE2 may result in the disorder of secretion and peristalsis of colon. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability evaluation of antiglaucoma new drug (S)-OTS·HCl in solution by HPLC YU Nian-xi, XIE Yi-fan, YANG Li-min, et al 2010, 30 (7):  793.  Abstract ( 1459 )   PDF (4239KB) ( 1523 )   Objective To develop the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of contents of (S)-OTS and its hydrolysis products (1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-3-paramethylphenylsulfonyloxy tropane (HTT) and paratoluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), and evaluate the stability of antiglaucoma new drug (S)-OTS·HCl in solution. Methods Chromatographic conditions for HPLC: chromatographic column, Diamonsil-C18; mobile phase, methanol-10 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate (containing 5 mmol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide) (53∶47); flow rate, 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength of violet, 227 nm; column oven temperature, 31 ℃; sample volume, 10 μL. Verification of the established HPLC method was performed. With 0.03% (S)-OTS·HCl in solution as samples, the established HPLC method was employed to detect the content of solute for stability evaluation. Results Specific tests indicated that HTT and TsOH were well resolved from each other and from (S)-OTS. Linear correlation test demonstrated that (S)-OTS, HTT and TsOH had linear correlation with chromatographic peak areas in the scope of standard concentration of serial controls [(S)-OTS·HCl 6.066-606.600 μg/mL，HTT 5.304-530.400 μg/mL，TsOH 3.034-303.400 μg/mL] (r2>0.999). The method conditions were fully validated with acceptable sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantitation), precision, stability and recovery rate. The tested samples hydrolyzed rapidly under room temperature, and the decrease of content of its main component (S)-OTS was in line with the increase of content of its hydrolysis product TsOH. Conclusion The method of HPLC for quantitative analysis of main component (S)-OTS and its hydrolysis products HTT and TsOH is established. The stability of (S)-OTS·HCl in solution for medical purpose is influenced by temperature, and its hydrolysis usually takes place in sulfonate site. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of human recombinant Oct3/4 eukaryotic expression vectors and their expression in ovarian cancer cells WANG Yu, XIAO Shi-jin, ZHAO Ai-min 2010, 30 (7):  797.  Abstract ( 1979 )   PDF (5296KB) ( 3202 )   Objective To construct human Oct3/4 eukaryotic expression vectors and transfect human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, and observe the expression of Oct3/4 in SKOV3 cells. Methods Destination gene (Oct3/4) cDNA products were obtained by amplification with RT-PCR. Human recombinant Oct3/4 eukaryotic expression vectors pcDNA3.1-Oct3/4 were constructed by pcDNA3.1 vector plasmid, and were identified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis. Recombinant plasmid was transfected into SKOV3 cells with Lipofectamine 2000, and SKOV3 cells transfected with empty vectors and those without transfection were served as transfection control group and negative control group, respectively. Stable transfection cells were screened by G418 (neomycin), and Western blotting was employed to detect the relative expression of Oct3/4 protein in cells. Results Destination gene amplified by PCR was about 1 000 bp in length analysed by 12 g/L agarose gel electrophoresis, which met the expectancy. Human recombinant Oct3/4 eukaryotic expression plasmid vectors pcDNA3.1-Oct3/4 were constructed, and the result of DNA sequencing was consistent with that of GenBank. Western blotting analysis revealed that the relative expression of Oct3/4 protein in stable pcDNA3.1-Oct3/4 transfected cells (10.225±0.987) was significantly higher than that in transfection control group (1.713±0.896) and negative control group (1 for calibration value) (P<0.01). Conclusion Human recombinant Oct3/4 eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed, SKOV3 was transfected, and Oct3/4 protein is stably overexpressed in stable transfected cells, which lays a foundation for the further study of roles of Oct3/4 gene in ovarian cancer development and drug-resistance to chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on mitochondrial function of brain tissues and cognitive function after fluid-percussion injury in rats ZHOU Zheng-wen, WANG Yong, FAN Yi-ling, et al 2010, 30 (7):  802.  Abstract ( 2016 )   PDF (5544KB) ( 1842 )   Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on mitochondrial function of brain tissues and cognitive function after fluid-percussion injury in rats. Methods SD rats were divided into model group and sham injury group, and fluid-percussion injury was achieved in each rat of model group, which were subdivided into low concentration O2 treatment group (n=23), high concentration O2 treatment group (n=24) and HBO treatment group (n=23) according to different ways of O2 treatment. Rats in sham injury group (n=22) received the same operations with model group, while did not experience fluid-percussion injury, and were treated as low concentration O2 treatment group. After O2 treatment, high performance liquid chromatography was employed to detect cortical adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, flow cytometry was used to determine mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of brain tissues, and hippocampal neuron counting was performed with Nissl staining. Morris water maze test was adopted to record escape latency, and cognitive function 11 to 15 d after brain injury was evaluated. Results ATP levels of brain tissues in HBO treatment group and high concentration O2 treatment group were similar to that in sham injury group (P>0.05), and were significantly higher than that of low concentration O2 treatment group (P<0.05).  Hippocampal neuron counting in CA2/3 and hilus regions in HBO treatment group was significantly higher than that in low concentration O2 treatment group and high concentration O2 treatment group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mitochondrial ROS production of brain tissues among groups (P>0.05). In Morris water maze test, the escape latency of HBO treatment group was significantly shorter than those of low concentration O2 treatment group and high concentration O2 treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion HBO can maintain brain mitochondrial ATP synthesis for rats with fluidpercussion injury.  Moreover, HBO can improve cognitive function and reduce hippocampal neuron loss after injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Senescence of human skin fibroblasts induced by ultraviolet B and its mechanism HU Xiao-hui, GAO Feng-hou, FANG Yong 2010, 30 (7):  807.  Abstract ( 2812 )   PDF (6496KB) ( 2345 )   Objective To investigate the role of ultraviolet B (UVB) in induction of senescence of human skin fibroblasts and explore its mechanism. Methods Primary human skin fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by tissue explants adherent method, and UVB irradiation dose for induction of senescence of skin fibroblasts for subsequent experiment was determined through observation of cell morphology and β-galactosidase (β-gal) cell senescence staining after irradiation with different doses of UVB. Cells and supernatant of cell culture were collected at different time points (12, 24, 48 and 72 h) after irradiation with established doses of UVB. The expression of marker P16 protein in induced senescent cells was detected by Western blotting, and expression of typeⅠcollagen, type III collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 of senescent cells was detected by ELISA. Results Human skin fibroblasts exhibited typical morphology of cell senescence after irradiation with 40 mJ/cm2 UVB, the percent of cells with positive staining with β-gal for cell senescence was (88.75±5.32)%, and the established irradiation dose for induction of cell senescence was 40 mJ/cm2. Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression of P16 in induced  senescent skin fibroblasts increased with time of UVB irradiation. It was indicated by ELISA that the expression of typeⅠcollagen and type Ⅲ collagen significantly decreased with time of UVB irradiation in induced senescent cells, while the expression of MMP1 and MMP3 significantly increased with time of UVB irradiation. Conclusion Senescence of human skin fibroblasts can be induced by UVB irradiation, and the mechanism may relate to the decrease of collagen synthesis and increase of collagen degradation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of HIF-1&alpha|and VEGF in chondrocytes of articular cartilages in human advanced osteoarthritis LI Xiao-yan, ZHAO Jian, ZENG Wen, et al 2010, 30 (7):  812.  Abstract ( 2004 )   PDF (8613KB) ( 1239 )   Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible factor factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in chondrocytes of articular cartilages in human advanced osteoarthritis (OA), and explore the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA. Methods Articular cartilage specimens were obtained from 18 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) undergoing total knee joint replacement, and KOA weight-bearing group (medial femoral condyle, with severe abrasion) and KOA relative non-weight-bearing group (lateral femoral condyle, with moderate abrasion) were divided. Besides, articular cartilage specimens from 5 patients undergoing amputation for bone malignant neoplasms of femur proximal end and shaft of femur were served as control group. HE staining, Safranin O staining and Mankin scoring were performed to observe and evaluate the histological characteristics of articular cartilages of each group, immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the chondrocytes of articular cartilages, and the numbers of chondrocytes with positive expression of HIF-1α or VEGF were counted. Results The Mankin score of KOA weight-bearing group (12.36±0.84) were significantly higher than those of KOA relative non-weight-bearing group (7.23±0.32) and control group (0.88±0.15) (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the numbers of chondrocytes with positive expression of HIF-1α or VEGF in KOA weight-bearing group (4.81±0.62 and 5.67±0.32, respectively) were significantly higher than those in KOA relative non-weight-bearing group (2.37±0.68 and 4.87±0.33, respectively) and control group (0.78±0.14 and 2.02±0.45, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein increases in chondrocytes of articular cartilages of advanced OA, and the upregulation of expression of VEGF may be the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and clinical characteristics of Isl- gene mutations in early-nset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai ZHU Qi-an, LIU Li-ei, ZHENG Tai-han, et al 2010, 30 (7):  817.  Abstract ( 2335 )   PDF (4302KB) ( 1467 )   Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Isl-1 gene mutations in early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai. Methods Ninety-six patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. General data such as age, gender and blood pressure and laboratory data such as glucose and lipid metabolism were collected, and comparisons were made between groups. PCR-direct sequencing was employed to detect the Isl-1 gene mutations in two groups, loci of gene mutations, frequencies of genotype and allele were observed, and the clinical characteristics of mutation gene carriers were investigated. Another 100 healthy volunteers were served as normal controls. Results Compared with normal controls, patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus were younger, with significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and triglyceride (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Though fasting C-peptide level in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher than that in normal controls, there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). PCR-direct sequencing revealed that there were no Isl-1 gene mutations in normal controls, while E283D missense mutation (A→T) in exon 5 of Isl-1 gene was found in two patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 1.0% for frequency of T allele and 2.1% for frequency of AT genotype. Fasting C-peptide levels of two mutation gene carriers were 0.6 ng/mL and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively, and were significantly lower than the lower normal limit (0.82 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Conclusion E283D mutation in exon 5 of Isl-1 gene can be screened from patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai, and fasting C-peptide levels of mutation gene carriers are lower than the lower normal limit. Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of double balloon endoscopy and small bowel CT scan in early diagnosis of small intestinal stromal tumors WANG Zheng-ting, ZHONG Jie, ZHANG Chen-li, et al 2010, 30 (7):  821.  Abstract ( 2061 )   PDF (4284KB) ( 1691 )   Objective To explore the value of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) and small bowel computed tomography (CT) scan in the early diagnosis of small intestinal stromal tumors. Methods The data of patients with small intestinal stromal tumors confirmed by postoperative pathology were collected, and tumors with diameter less than 5 cm were defined as early stage small intestinal stromal tumors. The clinical and follow-up data of 61 patients with early stage small intestinal stromal tumors and complete medical records of DBE or small bowel CT scan were screened. The positive findings from gastroscopy, enteroscopy, abdominal B ultrasonography, angiography, capsule endoscopy, DBE, small bowel CT scan and combination examinations of DBE and small bowel CT scan, together with data of tumor recurrence and survival were retrospectively analysed. Results Before small bowel CT scan and DBE examinations, 61 patients underwent  the other examinations, and positive findings were obtained in 44 cases (72.13%). Fifty-six patients received single DBE examinations, with 52 (92.86%) positive findings, and 42 patients underwent single small bowel CT scan, with 37 (88.10%) positive findings. There was no significant difference in the detection rates between patients with single DBE examinations and those with single small bowel CT scan (P>0.05). Twenty-five patients received combination examinations of DBE and small bowel CT scan, and the detection rate was 100%. All patients were performed operations, with 35 months of median time of follow-up. There were 59 cases (96.7%) with disease-free survival and 2 cases with tumor-bearing survival (both of the 2 cases were treated with chemotherapy after tumor recurrence). Conclusion Both small bowel CT scan and DBE have high detection rates for small intestinal stromal tumors, and the combination of these two methods will be helpful for the early diagnosis and favourable prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of perioperative insulin resistance during CCABG in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and different status of glucose metabolism ZHOU Li-jin, MAO Jian-qiang, LIN Lei, et al 2010, 30 (7):  825.  Abstract ( 1938 )   PDF (4311KB) ( 1364 )   Objective To observe the changes of perioperative insulin resistance during conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and different status of glucose metabolism. Methods Sixty patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease undergoing CCABG were divided into normal fasting plasma glucose group (normal control goup, n=20), fasting plasma glucose impairment group (n=20) and diabetes mellitus group (n=20) according to status of glucose metabolism before operation. Blood samples were taken from each group at different perioperative time points (before surgery, immediately after anesthesia, 5 min after the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass, 10 min after rewarming, 5 min after protamine neutralization, 2 h after cardiopulmonary bypass, the third day after surgery and the seventh day surgery), the levels of fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin were detected, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results HOMA-IR of fasting plasma glucose impairment group and diabetes mellitus group was significantly higher than that of normal control group before surgery (P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR of time points from 5 min after the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass to the seventh day after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery in normal control group and fasting plasma glucose impairment group (P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR 5 min after the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly higher than those before surgery in diabetes mellitus group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between fasting plasma glucose level of the seventh day after surgery and that before surgery and between HOMA-IR of the third day after surgery and the seventh day after surgery and that before surgery in diabetes mellitus group (P>0.05). Conclusion Fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance increase during CCABG in patients with coronary artery disease, and the information of status of glucose metabolism before surgery may help to manage glucose metabolism disorder and improve insulin resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of risk factors of intracranial progressive hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury DING Jun, CHEN Shi-wen, GUO Yan, et al 2010, 30 (7):  829.  Abstract ( 1823 )   PDF (3481KB) ( 1582 )   Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics and risk factors of intracranial progressive hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury. Methods One hundred and three patients who suffered from traumatic brain injury without surgery were divided into progressive hemorrhage group (n=46) and non-progressive hemorrhage group (n=57) according to progression of intracranial hemorrhage. Age, Glasgow coma score (GCS), hours of first CT scan after injury (HCT1), hours of second CT scan after injury (HCT2), parameters of blood coagulation function at admission, hematoma volumes on first and second CT scans were compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyse the risk factors of intracranial progressive hemorrhage. Results There were significant differences in age, GCS, HCT1, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrin degradation product (FDP), D-dimmer (D-D), platelet (PLT) count and hematoma volume on second CT scan between two groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, FDP, INR and D-D were risk factors for intracranial progressive hemorrhage (OR>1, P<0.05), and those with lower GCS, HCT1 and PLT count were more prone to intracranial progressive hemorrhage (OR<1, P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with traumatic brain injury, age, FDP, INR and D-D are risk factors for intracranial progressive hemorrhage, and those with lower GCS, HCT1 and PLT count should be managed with intensive care. Related Articles | Metrics

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Normal range of temperature of cornea on ocular surface of healthy people in Pudong New District of Shanghai YANG Wen-lei, ZHANG Lin 2010, 30 (7):  832.  Abstract ( 1876 )   PDF (3238KB) ( 1467 )   Objective To measure the temperature of cornea (TOC) on ocular surface of healthy people with non-contact infrared thermometer, and determine the reference range. Methods Large sample single center random sampling was adopted to select healthy volunteers from medical examinees of Pudong New District of Shanghai. With environment temperature of (26±2) ℃ and relative humidity of (60±5)%, non-contact infrared thermometer was used to measure TOC on ocular surface of right eyes after blinking. Results A total of 3 288 subjects were enrolled after random sampling and screening, with 1 978 males and 1 310 females. Three hundred and ninety-six subjects aged no more than 15 years, 942 aged between 15 and 30 years, 1 482 aged between 30 and 50 years, and 468 aged more than 50 years. TOC on ocular surface of total sample was (32.06±1.24)℃. TOC on ocular surface exhibited an increased tendency with age stages. There were significant differences in TOC of ocular surface between males and females [(32.26±1.11)℃ vs (31.75±1.36)℃, P<0.01]. However, there was no significant difference in TOC of ocular surface between males and total sample and between females and total sample (P>0.05). Conclusion With environment temperature of (26±2)℃ and relative humidity of (60±5)%, (32.06±1.24) ℃ may serve as the normal range of TOC on ocular surface measured by non-contact infrared thermometer in clinics, and there may exist differences between males and females. Related Articles | Metrics

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Accommodative response induced by near work and changes of wavefront aberration of myopic eyes NIU Wei-ran, MA Ming-ming, Kiram·Abla, et al 2010, 30 (7):  835.  Abstract ( 1983 )   PDF (4302KB) ( 1349 )   Objective To investigate the effects of accommodative response induced by near work and changes of wavefront aberration of myopic eyes. Methods One hundred and forty-five study objectives were divided into emmetropic eye group(n=46) and myopic eye group(n=99). The amplitude of accommodation, response magnitude of accommodation and wavefront aberration (including whole-eye high-order aberration, high-order aberration within eye and corneal high-order aberration) were measured, changes of whole-eye high-order aberration and corneal high-order aberration before and after accommodation induced by near work were observed, and correlation analysis was performed between accommodative response induced by near work and changes of aberration. Results There was no significant difference in the amplitude of accommodation between two groups(P>0.05), and the response magnitude of accommodation in myopic eye group was significantly lower than that in emmetropic eye group(P<0.05). Compared with that before accommodation induced by near work, the whole-eye aberration after accommodation induced by near work significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05), and the total high-order aberration and third-order aberration significantly increased in myopic eye group(P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that changes of aberration of image quality on retina in emmetropic eye group related to accommodative response induced by near work to some extent (P<0.05), while there were no such findings in myopic eye group. Conclusion After near work, insufficient accommodation, increase of high-order wavefront aberration and irregularity of changes of wavefront aberration can be observed simultaneously in myopia. It will substantially help to improve the retinal image quality by compensating the definite wavefront aberration when refractive error has been well corrected in myopia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of ET-1 in fibroblasts, angiogenesis and collagen distributions in scars after burn injury XIANG Jun, WANG Xi-qiao, LIU Ying-kai, et al 2010, 30 (7):  839.  Abstract ( 1867 )   PDF (6061KB) ( 1662 )   Objective To investigate the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiogenesis and collagen fiber distributions in scars of different stages after burn. Methods Scar samples of different stages after wound healing of burn (early stage, proliferative stage, regressive stage and mature stage, n=8 for each stage) and normal skin tissue samples (normal controls, n=8) were collected. Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in vitro, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of ET-1 mRNA in fibroblasts. Angiogenesis in scars was detected by immunohistochemical staining with angiogenesis marker CD34 (percentage of area with CD34 positive cells), and collagen fiber distributions in scars were observed by Masson staining. Results The expression of ET-1 mRNA in fibroblasts increased gradually in the scars of early stage, reached the peak in the proliferative stage, gradually decreased in the regressive stage and recovered to the level of normal controls in the mature stage. The percentages of area with CD34 positive cells of scars of early stage, proliferative stage, regressive stage, mature stage and normal controls were (1.961±0.159)%, (3.432±0.237)%, (0.412±0.026)%, (0.354±0.025)% and (0.1917±0.018)%, respectively, and there were significant differences among scars of different stages and normal controls (P<0.05). It was revealed by Masson staining that the collagen fibers significantly increased in number and densely lined in the proliferative stage of scars. Conclusion In the development and progression of scars after burn, the expression of ET-1 in fibroblasts gradually increases in the early stage, reaches the peak in the proliferative stage, and decreases in the regressive stage, which is well correlated with the changes of angiogenesis and collagen fiber distributions in scars of different stages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different ventilation modes during cardiopulmonary bypass on pulmonary function after cardiac surgery SHEN Sai-e, WANG Ying-wei 2010, 30 (7):  843.  Abstract ( 1892 )   PDF (5590KB) ( 1874 )   Objective To investigate the effects of different ventilation modes during cardiopulmonary bypass on pulmonary function after cardiac surgery. Methods Forty patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve diseases were selected, and were randomly divided into groupⅠ(0 of tidal volume and 0 of positive end expiratory pressure), groupⅡ (5 mL/kg of tidal volume and 0 of positive end expiratory pressure), group Ⅲ (0 of tidal volume and 10 cmH2O of positive end expiratory pressure) and group Ⅳ(5 mL/kg of tidal volume and 10 cmH2O of positive end expiratory pressure) according to different ventilation modes during cardiopulmonary bypass, with 10 patients in each group. Pulmonary function and hemodynamics-related parameters were recorded before chest opening, after weaning from bypass, after chest closure and 4 h after cardiopulmonary bypass, including arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2), alveolo-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (AaDO2), intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), ratio of volume of dead space to tidal volume(Vd/Vt), lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and cardiac index(CI), and statistical analysis and comparison were conducted. Results Compared with parameters before chest opening, PaO2 significantly decreased and CI significantly increased 4 h after cardiopulmonary bypass in each group (P<0.05), Qs/Qt, PIP and Vd/Vt significantly increased and Cdyn significantly decreased in groupⅠand groupⅡ(P<0.05), AaDO2 significantly decreased in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ (P<0.05). Compared with parameters in groupⅠand groupⅡ, PaO2 and Cdyn significantly increased, and AaDO2, Qs/Qt, PIP and Vd/Vt significantly decreased 4 h after cardiopulmonary bypass in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with single mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass may significantly mitigate lung injury after cardiac surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of glycemic excursion with glycated hemoglobin A1c in elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus LI Wen-ni, GAO Tian 2010, 30 (7):  848.  Abstract ( 2407 )   PDF (4867KB) ( 1649 )   Objective To continuously monitor the blood glucose fluctuation of elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and explore the relationship among glycemic excursion, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and chronic diabetic complications. Methods Seventy elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, among whom 35 were complicated with diabetic nephropathy and 30 with diabetic retinopathy. Blood glucose was monitored for 72 h with continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), and blood glucose levels of different time points, glycemic excursion of different time stages, postprandial glycemic excursion (PPGE) of different time stages, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and 24 h mean blood glucose (24 h MBG) levels were obtained. The relationship between HbA1c and glycemic excursion with CGMS was investigated by Pearson analysis, and the influencing factors of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy were explored by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results HbA1c was positively correlated with blood glucose levels of seven time points, 24 h MBG and glycemic excursion of 3:00 to 6:00 and 19:00 to 20:00 (r>0, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while was not significantly correlated with PPGE (P>0.05). MAGE was significantly positively correlated with blood glucose levels of 13:00 and 19:00 and PPGE (r>0, P<0.05). Glycemic excursion of 0:00 to 3:00 was influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy (P<0.05). Conclusion CGMS can display blood glucose fluctuation in details, and HbA1c may comprehensively reveal blood glucose levels. Blood glucose fluctuation is mainly attributed to PPGE and nighttime glycemic excursion. Diabetic retinopathy may correlate with glycemic excursion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome SHEN Feng 2010, 30 (7):  852.  Abstract ( 2188 )   PDF (4112KB) ( 1808 )   Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) refers to a condition in which abnormally large numbers of anaerobic bacteria present in the small intestine, and patients with SIBO typically complain of diarrhea, bloating and some symptoms induced by malabsorption and dysfunction of intestinal transit. The symptoms of SIBO are similar to those of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Relevant studies have revealed that SIBO is related to IBS, and it has been hypothesized that SIBO may be an underlying cause for IBS. The research progress of roles of SIBO in the pathogenesis of IBS is reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on pathogenesis-related genes and diagnosis and treatment of Kallmann syndrome SHA Yan-wei, LI Peng 2010, 30 (7):  856.  Abstract ( 2529 )   PDF (5314KB) ( 1774 )   Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease, which is characterised by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism complicated with anosmia. Up till now, five pathogenesisrelated genes of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), prokineticin receptor 2 gene (PROKR2), prokineticin 2 gene (PROK2) and KAL1 have been identified. The research progress on biological activity, function and phenotype-genotype correlations of Kallmann syndrome related proteins is reviewed in this paper, and the diagnosis and treatment of Kallmann syndrome are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on roles of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines on modulation of inflammatory reaction QI Yan-qing 2010, 30 (7):  861.  Abstract ( 1719 )   PDF (4018KB) ( 1206 )   The migration of leukocytes mediated by chemokines is a basic mode in inflammatory reaction, and Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) plays an important role in the balance and elimination of chemokines. Many researches have indicated that the changes of DARC expression on endothelial cells and erythrocytes are related to many human inflammatory diseases and infectious diseases. The structure, distribution and bionomics of DARC and the research progress on roles of DARC in the inflammation-related diseases are reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on environmental tobacco smoke and airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma ZHOU Ying 2010, 30 (7):  865.  Abstract ( 1626 )   PDF (3461KB) ( 1277 )   Bronchial asthma (also called asthma) is one of the most common chronic diseases during childhood. During the past two decades, the global prevalence of asthma has been increasing. With the increase in prevalence of adult smoking, environmental tobacco smoke has become one of the risk factors for asthma in children. In this review, the effects and possible mechanism of environmental tobacco smoke on chronic airway inflammation in children with asthma are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of serum CK18 levels before and after resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer CHU Tian-qing, SUN Qiang-ling, SHA Hui-fang, et al 2010, 30 (7):  868.  Abstract ( 2697 )   PDF (4248KB) ( 1434 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cytokeratin 18 (CK18) levels and resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Thirty patients with non-small cell lung cancer in stable or better state of illness evaluated with RECIST at the end of first cycle of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin (2 to 6 cycles) were enrolled, and peripheral blood samples were taken at the end of first cycle of chemotherapy and at the onset of disease progression (drug resistance). Serum CK18 levels were detected by ELISA before and after drug resistance. Results The serum CK18 levels before and after drug resistance were (0.356±0.199) ng/mL and (0.566±0.189) ng/mL, respectively, and there were significant differences between them (P=0.002). Serum CK18 levels slightly decreased (by less than 20%) in 4 patients, all of whom were evaluated as disease progression (drug resistance) at the end of second cycle of chemotherapy. For the other 26 patients with increased serum CK18 levels, all experienced disease progression after at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy, with 20 patients increased by more than 20% (maximum, 947.17%). Conclusion Serum CK18 levels are associated with resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer, and detection of CK18 levels may provide references for individual treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure with different PEEP levels on recurrent apnea in premature infants YANG Qing-nan, ZHU Jian-xing, XIE LI-juan, et al 2010, 30 (7):  871.  Abstract ( 2004 )   PDF (2947KB) ( 1504 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) with different positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels on recurrent apnea in premature infants. Methods NCPAP treatment was performed on 76 infants with recurrent apnea after birth and gestational age ≤34 weeks. Patients were divided into low PEEP group (PEEP 2-3 cmH2O), medium PEEP group (PEEP 4-6 cmH2O) and high PEEP group (PEEP 7-8 cmH2O). The therapeutic effects and prevalences of complications were compared among groups.Results Sixty-five out of 76 patients entered statistical analysis. The therapeutic effects of low PEEP group, medium PEEP group and high PEEP group were 57.1%, 92.3% and 91.7%, respectively, and the percentages of mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation were 42.9%, 7.7% and 8.3%, respectively. The therapeutic effects were significantly higher and the percentages of mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation were significantly lower in high PEEP group and medium PEEP group than in low PEEP group (P<0.05). The prevalence of air leak in high PEEP group was 33.3%, and was significantly higher than those of low PEEP group (0%) and medium PEEP group (7.7%) (P<0.05). Conclusion At PEEP of 4-6 cm H2O, NCPAP treatment may yield favorable therapeutic effects with lower prevalence of complications on recurrent apnea in premature infants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effects in patients with single gonococcal infection or with infections of gonococci mixed with other pathogens LI Jing, ZHANG Hui, QIAN Yi-hong, et al 2010, 30 (7):  874.  Abstract ( 1962 )   PDF (2838KB) ( 1452 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of regimen designed by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (conventional regimen) on patients with single gonococcal infection or with infections of gonococci mixed with other pathogens. Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with single gonococcal infection and 50 patients with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen infection (gonococcal infection mixed with Chlamydia trachomatis infection, mycoplasma urealytium infection or treponema pallidum infection) were collected, the therapeutic effects of conventional regimen were retrospectively analysed, and time spent for clinical recovery (from the initiation of conventional regimen to clinical recovery) was compared between patients with single gonococcal infection and those with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen infection. Results The total clinical recovery rate was 92.4%, with 100% for patients with single gonococcal infection and 84.0% for those with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen infection. Time spent for clinical recovery for patients with single gonococcal infection and those with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen infection was (9.4±1.8) d and (9.7±2.3) d, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Conclusion Time spent for clinical recovery for patients with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen is similar to that for patients with single gonococcal infection, indicating that conventional regimen is also suitable to patients with gonococcal infection mixed with the other pathogen infection. Related Articles | Metrics