循环外泌体微RNA在支气管哮喘中的作用综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

支气管哮喘是一种病理特点复杂的异质性疾病，目前缺乏灵敏、有效的诊断方法，病情往往被低估，导致延误治疗。近年来，循环外泌体包裹的微RNA（microRNA，miRNA）作为细胞间重要的信息传递介质，由于其高度的稳定性和样本收集的便利性，以及在诊断和预测各种疾病方面展现出的敏感性和特异性，使其具有作为疾病生物标志物的潜力。由于循环外泌体miRNA的研究起步较晚，目前其在哮喘的诊断、鉴别、疗效预测和预后评估中的结果尚不一致，实际的临床应用存在一定阻碍。综合现有的研究提示：多种循环外泌体miRNA可协调作用于哮喘的发生与发展，且个体的生理特征是影响循环外泌体miRNA与哮喘两者间关联的重要因素，不同的病情进展程度、表型以及用药前后哮喘患者miRNA的种类与数量的差异和变化规律仍有待进一步细化和明确。该文总结、归纳了现有循环外泌体miRNA在哮喘疾病诊断、严重程度和表型鉴别以及药物疗效和预后评估中作用的最新进展，以期为哮喘的早期诊断和精准治疗提供新的思路与方向。

关键词: 外泌体, 循环微RNA, 哮喘, 生物标志物

Abstract:

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathological characteristics. At present, there is no sensitive and effective diagnostic method, and the severity is often underestimated, resulting in delayed treatment. Recently, circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as important communication mediators between cells. miRNAs are considered as potential disease biomarkers due to their high stability and convenience in specimen collection, as well as their high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing and predicting various diseases. However, due to the late start of the research on circulating exosomal miRNAs, results on diagnosis, identification, efficacy prediction and prognosis evaluation of asthma are not consistent, and obstacles are still existing in its practical clinical application. Current evidence suggested that multiple circulating exosomal miRNAs could play a synergistic role in the occurrence and development of asthma, and individual physiological characteristics would be important factors affecting the association between circulating exosomal miRNAs and asthma. The differences and changes of the exact miRNA types and quantities before and after treatment in asthmatic patients with different disease progression and phenotypes need to be further refined and clarified. This review summarizes the recent advances in the association of circulating exosomal miRNAs with asthma, in terms of diagnoses, severity and phenotypic identifications, and curative effect and prognosis evaluations, in order to provide new ideas and directions for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of asthma.

Key words: exosome, circulating microRNA, asthma, biomarker

中图分类号:

陈仪婷, 赵安达, 李荣, 康文慧, 李生慧. 循环外泌体微RNA在支气管哮喘中的作用综述[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 42(3): 375-380.

CHEN Yiting, ZHAO Anda, LI Rong, KANG Wenhui, LI Shenghui. Review of the role of circulating exosomal microRNA in bronchial asthma[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(3): 375-380.

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