信使RNA内部化学修饰在血管疾病中的作用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

血管疾病病理改变涉及血管内皮功能紊乱、炎症反应激活、平滑肌细胞表型转化、细胞外基质重塑等多个方面。在基因表达调控的多级网络中，转录后修饰通过影响RNA剪接、降解、翻译等过程，精确调控细胞生理与病理状态。随着检测技术的发展，人们逐渐对RNA修饰的形成过程与生物学功能有了更为系统的认知。其中，几种真核生物mRNA内部丰度较高的化学修饰，包括N⁶-甲基腺苷、5-甲基胞嘧啶、N⁴-乙酰胞嘧啶等，因具备可逆的生成与去除机制及多种RNA结合蛋白介导的识别机制，被视为重要的表观转录组调控形式。研究表明，多种RNA修饰及相关调节蛋白的表达与活性改变推动了动脉粥样硬化、动脉夹层/动脉瘤、肺动脉高压等常见血管疾病的关键病理过程。通过干预特定的RNA修饰途径，有望重塑基因表达网络，改善血管功能障碍，为血管疾病的精准治疗提供新思路。该文系统综述mRNA内部修饰介导的基因表达调控在常见血管疾病中的作用，旨在为相关疾病的靶向治疗提供潜在理论依据。

关键词: RNA修饰, 血管疾病, N⁶-甲基腺苷, 内皮细胞, 平滑肌细胞

Abstract:

The pathological alterations in vascular diseases encompass multiple facets, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response activation, phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In the multi-level regulation of gene expression, post-transcriptional modifications precisely modulate cellular physiological and pathological states by affecting processes such as RNA splicing, degradation, and translation. With advances in detection technologies, a more systematic understanding of the formation processes and biological functions of RNA modifications has been achieved. Among these, several abundant internal chemical modifications of eukaryotic mRNA, including N⁶-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N⁴-acetylcytidine, are regarded as important epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms due to their reversible generation and removal, and recognition mediated by various RNA-binding proteins. Many studies have shown that alterations in the expression and activity of these RNA modifications and their regulatory proteins drive key pathological processes in common vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aortic dissection/aneurysm, and pulmonary hypertension. Targeting specific RNA modification pathways holds promise for reprogramming gene expression networks and ameliorating vascular dysfunction, thereby providing novel strategies for the precise treatment of vascular diseases. This review systematically summarizes current understanding of how mRNA internal modifications regulate gene expression in common vascular diseases, providing a theoretical foundation for developing targeted therapies.

Key words: RNA modification, vascular diseases, N⁶-methyladenosine, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells

中图分类号:

R543

冯倩倩, 艾玎. 信使RNA内部化学修饰在血管疾病中的作用研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 46(3): 400-407.

Feng Qianqian, Ai Ding. Research progress on the role of internal chemical modifications of messenger RNA in vascular diseases[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(3): 400-407.

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