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Research progress and development trend of lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot Jiyu HAN, Yanhong WANG, Daqian WAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2022, 42 (2): 241-246.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.02.017 Abstract （1724）   HTML （468）    PDF（pc） （917KB）（1507）       Knowledge map    Save Lower limb motor dysfunction caused by various causes is an important public health problem in the world today. Lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot is a new type of wearable bionic device, which is mainly used to realize the standing and walking of patients with lower extremity motor dysfunction. It is a hot research topic in rehabilitation medicine at present. By reviewing the history of lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot, some breakthroughs and developments are found to have been made in this field in recent years. In the future, if we can overcome the technical problems such as portability, intelligence and modularization, it will be possible to maximize the recovery of patients with lower limb dysfunction. In this paper, the key technologies and clinical applications of wearable lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot are reviewed comprehensively, and new prospects for the research and development in this field are proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal analysis of incidence rate of syphilis in China Ting-ting TIAN, Ya-xuan HOU, Yu-qing LI, Hong-jiao QI, Mo CHEN, Mei-xia LÜ JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 648-652.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.015 Abstract （1468）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （1308KB）（1350）       Knowledge map    Save ·To get the spatio-temporal distribution of the syphilis epidemic in 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions of the mainland of China in 2017. ·The data of syphilis incidence in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the mainland of China in 2017 were obtained from the China Public Health Science Data Center, and the time distrbution characteristics of the incidence rates were described. The global Moran′s I index and Anselin local Moran′s I index were used to analyze the spatial cluster characteristics of the syphilis cases, and then space-time scan analysis based on Poisson distribution was used to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. ·In 2017, the number of syphilis cases in the 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of the mainland of China was 475 860, and the incidence rate was 34.49/100 000. Latent syphilis accounted for most of the cases, reaching 76.78% (365 353/475 860). August had the highest incidence rate. For the spatial distribution, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was the provincial-level unit with the highest incidence rate of syphilis, reaching 91.80/100 000. The incidence rates of latent, secondary, tertiary, and congenital syphilis appeared with positive spatial autocorrelation (all P<0.05). The high-high clusters of secondary and tertiary syphilis appeared in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang (all P<0.05), respectively, while the high-high clusters of congenital syphilis appeared in Xinjiang and Tibet (P=0.000). The results of space-time scan analysis showed that the main cluster appeared from April to September in Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui, and Guangdong (P=0.000). Compared with the outside area, the relative risk of syphilis in this cluster was 1.59 times. ·The incidence rate of syphilis in China is relatively high. There are differences in the types and periods of syphilis prevention and control among provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. From April to September, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui and Guangdong are the key areas for syphilis prevention and control in the mainland of China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of clinical application of peripheral neuropathy scales Qun-feng WANG, Li CAO, Xing-hua LUAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (11): 1518-1523.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.11.018 Abstract （884）   HTML （90）    PDF（pc） （867KB）（1128）       Knowledge map    Save Peripheral neuropathy (PN) refers to a group of diseases caused by the dysfunction and structural changes of peripheral motor, sensory and autonomic nerves. Scales for screening and assessing PN are continuously being used in clinical practice. This article summarizes PN score scales for four kinds of PN, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic PN and neuropathic pain, aiming to improve medical staff's understanding and application ability of the PN assessment scale. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in resilience research Shuang-yi CHEN, Jian-yin QIU JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (10): 1397-1400.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.10.021 Abstract （942）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （773KB）（1125）       Knowledge map    Save Resilience refers to the dynamic process of individual's positive adaptation to adversity, which is closely related to the symptoms of mental disorders and can be improved through intervention. This paper reviews the definition, evaluation method and intervention of resilience, and proposes that resilience can be used as an indicator of mental disorders related to stressor exposure, which has certain reference significance for improving individual resilience and promoting individual mental health development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in health risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds among Chinese population Qian YAO, Ying TIAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (6): 803-808.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.06.017 Abstract （1407）   HTML （71）    PDF（pc） （1159KB）（1077）       Knowledge map    Save Perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are a new class of persistent organic pollutants that have attracted wide attention in recent years. With the increasing restrictions on PFAS in Europe and the United States, the production of PFAS is gradually transferring to China. The amount of PFAS used in China is increasing year by year, but there are no strict restrictions on the use of them. Furthermore, the safety limits are heading down in Europe and the United States. Based on the updated safety limits, studies in Chinese population have gradually indicated the potential risk of PFAS. This review summarizes the updated international safety limits, and introduces the research progress in health risk assessment of PFAS exposure in Chinese population according to different sources of exposure (diet, milk, drinking water, dust, atmosphere, placental transfer and comprehensive sources). The existing studies mainly focus on the health risk of PFAS exposure in high PFAS-polluted areas and in sensitive infant population in China, while the health risk of PFAS exposure in general population still needs to be further evaluated. It is necessary to carry out relevant work, which can provide reference for relevant government departments to formulate PFAS control standards and safety limits in line with China's national conditions as soon as possible. In addition, the future assessment research should pay more attention to complex evaluation of various sources of PFAS and the health hazards of PFAS alternatives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a novel mice model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Xiao-nan CHEN, Jun-feng ZHANG, Chang-qian WANG, Hui-li ZHANG JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 565-570.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.002 Abstract （1597）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （2075KB）（1013）       Knowledge map    Save ·To establish a novel mice model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). ·Sixteen 8-week-old SPF grade male and female C57BL/6J mice each were randomly divided into control group or model group (n=8 per group). The model group was given high-fat diet containing 60% fat and drinking water containing 0.5 g/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). The control group was given routine feed and drinking water. The ratio of peak early mitral velocity to peak late mitral velocity (E/A ratio) and the ratio of peak early mitral velocity to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E' ratio) were detected by echocardiography every two weeks to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function. At the 16th week after modeling, the myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were examined by Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. ·HFpEF appeared in the male mice at 8 weeks after high-fat diet and L-NAME administration, with a significant increase in E/A ratio and E/E′ ratio in comparison to the male control group (both P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between male model group and male control group. On the other hand, the female mice fed with high-fat diet and drinking water containing L-NAME also displayed obvious HFpEF after 8 weeks. E/A ratio and E/E' ratio in female model group were significantly higher than those in the female control group (P=0.000, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in LVEF between female model group and female control group. At the 16th week after modeling, both male and female mice still displayed the characteristics of HFpEF. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of male and female model group were significantly higher than those of respective control groups. Male or female mice with HFpEF showed obvious myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis along with left ventricular remodeling. The serum levels of TAG, TC, HDL-Ch and LDL-Ch in the model groups were significantly higher than those in the respective control groups. ·High-fat feeding combined with L-NAME administration can induce HFpEF in both male and female mice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice for multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: expert consensus of Shanghai Ninth People 's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2020 edition) JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (12): 1669-1675.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.018 Abstract （869）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （2556KB）（842）       Knowledge map    Save Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low- to intermediate-grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma occurring in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The high misdiagnosis rate often delays the best treatment opportunity, and the wrong treatment method leads to the high recurrence rate of surgery. Traditional extended resection requires 3?5 cm expansion around the tumor, and the huge tissue defect increases the difficulty of surgery, which is also hard to be accepted. In Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, under the support of the multi-disciplinary treatment group, cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms multi-disciplinary team of accurate diagnosis and treatment normatively conducted treatment of DFSP comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Modified Mohs micrographic surgery was used to remove the tumor while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine expert consensus of diagnosis and treatment of specification of DFSP multidisciplinary specification was formed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protocols for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: experience from the TMJ Center of Shanghai Ninth People 's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine ZHANG Shanyong, YANG Chi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2022, 42 (6): 709-716.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.06.003 Abstract （953）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1625KB）（827）       Knowledge map    Save Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is the most common degenerative disease in the temporomandibular joint, mainly manifesting with pain in the joints and the muscles, joint locking, popping, crepitus, and limited mouth opening, which may undermine the quality of patients' life. The main pathological features of TMJOA include chronic synovitis, progressive articular cartilage degeneration, and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. At present, its pathogenesis is still unclear, and abnormal mechanical load, trauma, heredity, metabolism, gender and age can all be regarded as pathogenic factors. Commonly used diagnostic methods for TMJOA include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography [(CT/cone beam CT (CBCT)]. The staging standards of TMJOA mainly include Wilkes staging system and Yang's staging system. The clinical treatment of TMJOA mainly includes two categories: non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment includes health education, psychological consultation, medication, occlusion treatment, etc. Surgical treatment includes arthrocentesis, arthroscopic surgery, disc anchoring, autogenous tissue graft, and total joint replacement. This paper summarizes the diagnosis, staging, surgical treatment and postoperative evaluation of TMJOA on the basis of literature review, and proposes diagnosis and treatment protocols based on the experience of the TMJ Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, so as to provide reference for clinicians. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and optimization of co-culture technology for breast cancer organoids Tian-hao ZHOU, Zhao-chen XIN, Shao-qian DU, Yuan CAO, Jing-xuan XU, Zeng-hong LAO, Hong-xia WANG JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (8): 1017-1024.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.08.004 Abstract （1185）   HTML （227）    PDF（pc） （4693KB）（813）       Knowledge map    Save ·To improve the cultivating and passaging method of breast cancer organoids, and establish a co-culture system enriching cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). ·Different types of collagenases (type Ⅰ, type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ) were used to digest fresh tissues from 5 breast cancer patients. The number of cells after tissue digestion was counted by cell counting method, and cell viability was analyzed by cell flow cytometry. Three-dimensional culture of primary breast cancer single cells was carried out by using culture system containing different contents of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), FGF10 and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The success rate of cell culture and the growing status of organoids were observed and compared. Different centrifugation speeds were used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of passaging methods and simplify the passaging steps. CCK8 assay was used to study the effect of CAFs on the growth of organoids in the co-culture system of primary CAFs and organoids, and the morphological changes of organoids were observed under optical microscope. ·Compared with type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagenase, type Ⅳ collagenase got the highest cell yields (P=0.045, P=0.017), and maintained the highest cell viability (P=0.005, P=0.048). By optimizing the composition of organoid medium (omitting FGF7 and FGF10, reducing EGF concentration) and passaging process (improving centrifugal velocity to 900×g), a more economical, effective and rapid method of organoid culture was obtained. Compared with organoids cultured alone, the growth rate (P<0.05) and heterogeneity of organoids increased when organoids were co-cultured with CAFs. ·The optimized culture system can significantly increase the success rate of organoids, simplify the culture steps and reduce the culture cost. The establishment of primary CAFs and organoids co-culture system provides a good in vitro model for the study of breast cancer heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in animal model of acute lung injury Jing-yi FU, Lei WANG, Yi YANG JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 690-694.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.022 Abstract （1055）   HTML （55）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（795）       Knowledge map    Save Acute lung injury (ALI) refers to the occurrence of hypoxic respiratory failure and even acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by various factors. The morbidity and fatality rate of ALI are very high, but the research on its pathogenesis and treatment methods has not made much progress. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish animal models to simulate acute lung injury. In this paper, the literature on animal models of ALI in recent years is collected and summarized, and the selection of animal models of acute lung injury and the evaluation methods of lung injury are reviewed, so as to provide reference for the establishment of animal models of ALI. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer Jing-wei LI, Li-wen WANG, Ling-xi JIANG, Qian ZHAN, Hao CHEN, Bai-yong SHEN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (8): 1103-1108.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.08.018 Abstract （1440）   HTML （112）    PDF（pc） （908KB）（762）       Knowledge map    Save Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor. The difficulty of early diagnosis and scarcity of effective clinical treatment strategies lead to poor prognosis. Tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer is composed of tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors. TME plays an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumors. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment has significant immune cell infiltration, which is highly immunosuppressive. On the one hand, tumor cells edit the immune system so that cancer cells cannot be recognized by the immune system; on the other hand, they can recruit and activate various immunosuppressive cells such as pancreatic stellate cells, myeloid-derived inhibitory cells, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and so on. These immunosuppressive cells can secrete immunosuppressive molecules, affect the function of anti-tumor immune cells, inhibit the host′s anti-tumor immune response, lead to tumor immune escape, and promote tumor development and metastasis. In this review, the mechanisms and effects of these immunosuppressive components are discussed and the updated results of immunotherapy on pancreatic cancer are studied, which may provide novel insights on TME and immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the role and mechanism of lactylation in diseases GE Lingling, HUANG Hongjun, LUO Yan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (3): 374-379.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.03.014 Abstract （816）   HTML （57）    PDF（pc） （1230KB）（720）       Knowledge map    Save Lactic acid is a product of cell respiration. After entering into cells, glucose is metabolized to pyruvate by glycolysis. When the oxygen supply is sufficient, pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A through pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix to participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and provide necessary energy for cells. Pyruvate is catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm to produce lactate while cells are grown under hypoxic conditions. Lactate not only provides energy for mitochondrial respiration, but also plays important roles in inflammatory responser, wound repair, memory formation and neuroprotection as well as tumor growth and metastasis and other pathophysiological processes through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine forms, which affects the development and prognosis of diseases. Epigenetic modification regulates gene replication, transcription and translation by covalently adding or hydrolyzing functional groups on histones and DNA through related enzymes and affects the biological effects of cells. Histones are the major structural proteins of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their post-translational modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, affect their affinity with DNA, change chromatin structures, and are widely involved in regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have found that histones can undergo lactylation, which is a new epigenetic modification by adding lactate to lysine residues on histones. As the research deepens, numerous evidences reveal that lactylation also occurs on non-histone proteins. The discovery of lactylation has expanded our understanding of lactate functions in the pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of lactylation in tumor, inflammatory and neural system diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the research, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A novel antithrombotic antibody targeting the binding sites of the coagulation factor FⅨa-FⅧa complex Tian-yao SUN, Shi-feng JIANG, Qin XU, Jun-ling LIU, Su-ying DANG, Xue-mei FAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (9): 1133-1141.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.09.001 Abstract （590）      PDF（pc） （6502KB）（706）       Knowledge map    Save ·To prepare a monoclonal antibody targeting coagulation factor Ⅸa (FⅨa), a key factor in endogenous coagulation pathways, and study its antithrombotic roles and mechanisms. ·Immunization of mice, hybridoma technology, cell expression and purification were used to prepare the anti-FⅨa monoclonal antibodies of high purity. The monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for FⅨa were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effects of the monoclonal antibody. And then chromogenic substrate method was used to detect the effect of monoclonal antibody on the enzyme activity of FⅨa. The method of computer simulation of protein-protein docking was adopted to predict the possible binding sites between FⅨa and the antibody, and the binding site, was verified by competitive experiments (indirectly through the chromatic substrate method). ·FⅨa-4, an anti-FⅨa monoclonal antibody with high affinity, was generated. Although FⅨa-4 did not affect PT and the enzyme activity of FⅨa, it significantly prolonged APTT to 88.8 s, which was 3.5 times of the control group (25.5 s), in a concentration-gradient dependence. The protein-protein docking prediction results revealed that FⅨa-4 did not directly bind to substrate catalytic sites of FⅨa, but occupied the binding region of FⅨa and FⅧa. Competitive experiments further verified the above results. FⅨa-4 inhibited FⅩa production in a dose-dependent manner, almost completely inhibiting FⅩa production at the concentrations of 400 pmol/L, and FⅧa could correct the inhibition effect of the antibody up to nearly 50%. ·The monoclonal antibody against FⅨa-4 is obtained. FⅨa-4 competes with FⅧa to bind FⅨa, and inhibits the conversion of FⅩ to FⅩa which is catalyzed by FⅧa-FⅨa complex; it plays an antithrombotic role mainly by inhibiting endogenous coagulation pathway. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application progress of machine learning in the study of facial features of patients with depression Xin LI, Qing FAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2022, 42 (1): 124-129.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.01.019 Abstract （768）   HTML （50）    PDF（pc） （832KB）（704）       Knowledge map    Save Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness that severely affects the quality of life, accompanied by changes in facial expressions and other behaviors. The current diagnosis for MDD mainly relies on self-reports and observations from doctors, which has subjective errors. There is a lack of objective and effective automated MDD detection methods. Facial expressions are important nonverbal behaviors, and the researchers have begun to use facial features to assist in identifying and diagnosing depression. As the core of artificial intelligence, machine learning has outstanding advantages in image feature extraction and classification. Taking IEEE Xplore database as the data source, this article sorts out the researches on the facial features of MDD patients based on machine learning from 2016 to 2021, and prospects the future research directions, to provide reference for clinical intelligent diagnosis and tracking of MDD in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in metabolism of the immune cells in tumor microenvironment LIN Jiayu, QIN Jiejie, JIANG Lingxi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2022, 42 (8): 1122-1130.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.08.018 Abstract （660）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （2370KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolic reprogramming refers to cells' mechanism to change their metabolic patterns in order to meet the increased energy demand caused by growth and proliferation. By way of metabolic reprogramming such as the Warburg effect, tumor cells gain rich energy to support their own survival, growth, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, containing not only tumor cells, but also stromal cells, immune cells, and other components that are closely related to tumor cells. Meanwhile, tumor cells regulate intercellular function and signaling via secreting cytokines, metabolites, and other molecules and shape a commonly hypoxic, acidic, and nutrient-deprived TME which contributes the most to immune resistance. However, rapidly proliferating tumor cells compete for relatively scarce nutrients with immune cells, consequently, producing an immunosuppressive metabolism microenvironment. Under the influence of immunosuppressive TME, immune cells generate tolerance phenotype-related metabolic adaptations through metabolic reprogramming to satisfy their own needs and further perform anti-tumor or immunosuppressive roles. The response of immune cells to tumor cells mainly depends on respective unique metabolic pathways, which are related to the type and function of immune cells. Moreover, the functional properties of immune cells are directly associated with the immunotherapy effects. Regulating metabolic pathways of immune cells provides a great direction for cancer therapy. In this paper, the main metabolic pathways of immune cells in TME is described, the relationship between their metabolic characteristics and immune functions is summarized, and the mechanism of metabolic pathways underlying the functions of immune cells is further discussed, providing new insights for unveiling tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and improving the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Quality-of-Life Assessment Scales and psychological assessment tools to people with dry eye disease Yu-ying CAI, Yan LIU JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (9): 1252-1255.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.09.018 Abstract （427）      PDF（pc） （798KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease with multiple etiologies. It can affect the daily activities of patients to reduce their quality of life and interfere with their mental state. At present, for DED patients, the clinical application of Quality-of-Life Assessment Scales are more, but the summary research of professional psychological assessment tools is less. On the basis of extensive review at home and abroad, this paper summarizes and explores the application of Quality-of-Life Assessment Scales and psychological assessment tools to DED patients, in order to provide suggestions and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment and nursing work of DED. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in cell wall structure and Candida albicans-host interaction Yi-kun MEI, Jing-cong TAN, An-jun WANG, Hui WANG, Ning-ning LIU JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (9): 1246-1251.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.09.017 Abstract （759）      PDF（pc） （948KB）（636）       Knowledge map    Save Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen. The mortality rate of blood infection caused by Candida albicans is as high as 40% while that of the cancer patients can even reach to 70%, which greatly increases the burden of human health. The cell wall of Candida albicans is the frontline of defense against external stress and the first contact point between fungi and host. Therefore, the cell wall is very important for fungi-host interaction and immune recognition, and is the most attractive target for antifungal therapy. Once the balance of synthesis and remodeling of cell wall of Candida albicans is broken, the molecular integrity of cell wall will be disturbed, which will finally lead to cell lysis and death. This paper reviews the characteristics of cell wall components of Candida albicans and their functions on fungi-host interaction and immune recognition mechanism, in order to provide novel research clues and theoretical basis for identification of specific antifungal targets and development of more economic and effective antifungal drugs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and controversy in comprehensive treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma Wei CHEN, Yingbin LIU JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2022, 42 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.01.001 Abstract （572）   HTML （99）    PDF（pc） （1076KB）（632）       Knowledge map    Save Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a tumor with a poor prognosis, which is difficult to diagnosis in the early stage and has caused lots of controversies in clinical treatment. At present, surgical resection provides the main possibility for cure. Precise evaluation and adequate preparation before surgery and safe, effective, standardized resection are the key methods to successful treatment. Comprehensive treatment based on chemotherapy improves the survival of patients. In the future, guided by concepts of oncology, comprehensive treatment of multiple modes, containing surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immune therapy and biological therapy, is the development trend of hilar cholangiocarcinoma treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of high jejunal atresia and stenosis in neonates Bao-hong ZHAO, Hong-xia REN, Xiao-xia WU, Yuan-yuan JIN, Wen-yue LIU, Liang ZHAO, Hui ZHANG, Xin GUO, Xue SUN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (9): 1162-1168.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.09.005 Abstract （432）      PDF（pc） （2950KB）（605）       Knowledge map    Save ·To investigate the effect of laparoscope on the treatment of high jejunal atresia and stenosis in neonates. ·From January 2009 to December 2019, 90 neonates with high jejunal atresia and stenosis were operated on Children′s Hospital of Shanxi province. According to whether laparoscopic surgery was used or not, they were divided into laparoscopic group (n=66) and laparotomy group (n=24). In the laparoscopic group, 27 cases of type Ⅰ atresia and stenosis less than 10 cm from Treitz ligament were anastomosed under laparoscopy, and 39 cases of jejunal atresia and stenosis 10?30 cm from the Treitz ligament, underwent extraperitoneal anastomosis by expanded trocar hole with the aid of single-site laparoscope. Traditional laparotomy exploratory incision was used in the laparotomy group. The operation time, the first postoperative oral feeding time, postoperative full oral feeding time [postoperative oral feeding volume reaching 150 mL/(kg·d)], the length of hospital stay, and mortality and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. ·There was no significant difference between the laparoscopic group and laparotomy group in age, gender, weight, premature infant, low birth weight, other systems malformation and pathological type. There was no significant difference in operation time between the laparoscopic group and laparotomy group [(77.0±24.0) min vs (82.0±24.0) min]. The first postoperative oral feeding time, postoperative full oral feeding time [postoperative oral feeding volume reaching 150 mL/(kg·d)], and the length of hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were shorter than those in the laparotomy group [(13.3±7.2) d, (19.1±8.1) d, (22.1±8.5) d vs (17.2±7.8) d,(23.7±10.6) d, (27.0±11.8) d, all P <0.05]. There was no significant difference between the laparoscopic group and laparotomy group in mortality (1/66 vs 2/24) and incidence of complications (7/66 vs 6/24). ·Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal high jejunal atresia/stenosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs): new trend for cancer precision therapy HAN Yongqi, HAN Da, XIA Qian, JI Dingkun, TAN Weihong Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2022, 42 (9): 1176-1181.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.09.003 Abstract （694）   HTML （211）    PDF（pc） （1279KB）（598）       Knowledge map    Save Cancer is a worldwide medical issue that seriously threatens human health. Precision molecular medicine provides a new strategy for cancer theranostics. As excellent targeting recognition molecules and drug delivery platforms, aptamers and aptamer drug-conjugates (ApDCs) have provided a series of useful molecular tools for cancer precision therapy. In this paper, the properties and the selection techniques of aptamers, the construction of ApDCs and their applications to clinical tumor-targeting therapy are reviewed. Additionally, the challenges and perspective of ApDCs in precision molecular medicine for cancers are presented. This review may provide new horizons for molecular-targeted anti-tumor drugs in the therapy of clinical malignant tumors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics